List of political parties in India

Party	Abbreviation	Secretary-General / President
Indian National Congress	INC	Sonia Gandhi
Bharatiya Janata Party	BJP	Rajnath Singh
Bahujan Samaj Party	BSP	Mayawati
Communist Party of India	CPI	Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy
Nationalist Congress Party	NCP	Sharad Pawar
Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPI(M)	Prakash Karat

List of Miss World (1951-2013)

Miss World 1951 - Kiki Haakonson, Sweden 
Miss World 1952 - May Louise Flodin, Sweden 
Miss World 1953 - Denise Perrier, France 
Miss World 1954 - Antigone Costanda, Egypt 
Miss World 1955 - Carmen Zubillaga, Venezuela 
Miss World 1956 - Petra Schurmann, Germany 
Miss World 1957 - Marita Lindahl, Finland 
Miss World 1958 - Penelope Coelen, South Africa 
Miss World 1959 - Corine Rottschafer, Holland 
Miss World 1960 - Norma Cappagli, Argentina 
Miss World 1961 - Rosemarie Frankland, United Kingdom 
Miss World 1962 - Catharine Lodders, Holland 
Miss World 1963 - Carole Crawford, Jamaica 
Miss World 1964 - Ann Sidney, United Kingdom 
Miss World 1965 - Lesley Langley, United Kingdom 
Miss World 1966 - Reita Faria, India
Miss World 1967 - Madeiline Hartog Bel, Peru 
Miss World 1968 - Penelope Plummer, Australia 
Miss World 1969 - Eva Reuber Staier, Austria 
Miss World 1970 - Jennifer Hosten, Grenada 
Miss World 1971 - Lucia Petterle, Brazil 
Miss World 1972 - Belina Green, Australia 
Miss World 1973 - Marjorie Wallace, USA 
Miss World 1974 - Anneline Kriel, South Africa 
Miss World 1975 - Winelia Merced, Puerto Rico 
Miss World 1976 - Cindy Breakspeare, Jamaica 
Miss World 1977 - Mary Stavin, Sweden 
Miss World 1978 - Silvana Suarez, Argentina 
Miss World 1979 - Gina Swainson, Bermuda 
Miss World 1980 - Kimberly Santos, Guam 
Miss World 1981 - Pilin Leon, Venezuela 
Miss World 1982 - Mariasela Lebron, Dominican Republic 
Miss World 1983 - Sarah Jane Hutt, United Kingdom 
Miss World 1984 - Astrid Herrera, Venezuela 
Miss World 1985 - Hofi Karlsdottir, Iceland 
Miss World 1986 - Giselle Laronde, Trinidad 
Miss World 1987 - Ulla Weigerstorfer, Austria 
Miss World 1988 - Linda Petursdottir, Iceland 
Miss World 1989 - Andeta Kreglicka, Poland 
Miss World 1990 - Gina Marie Tolleson, USA 
Miss World 1991 - Ninebeth Jiminez, Venezuela 
Miss World 1992 - Julia Kourotchkina, Russia 
Miss World 1993 - Lisa Hanna, Jamaica 
Miss World 1994 - Aishwariya Rai, India 
Miss World 1995 - Jacqueline Aquilera, Venezuela 
Miss World 1996 - Irene Skliva ,Greece 
Miss World 1997 - Diana Hayden, India 
Miss World 1998 - Linor Abargil, Israel 
Miss World 1999 - Yukta Mookhey, India
Miss World 2000 - Priyanka Chopra, India
Miss World 2001 - Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite Darego—Nigeria
Miss World 2002 - Azra Akin—Turkey
Miss World 2003 - Rosanna Davidson, Ireland 
Miss World 2004 - Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Peru
Miss World 2005 - Unnur Birna Vilhjalmsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 2006 - Tat’ana Kucharova, Czech Republic
Miss World 2007 - Zhang Zhi Li, China PR
Miss World 2008 - Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia
Miss World 2009 - Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar
Miss World 2010 - Alexandria Mills, USA
Miss World 2011 - Ivian Sarcos, Venezuela
Miss World 2012 - Wen Xia Yu, China PR
Miss World 2013 - Megan Young, Philippines 

About Indian Railways

Indian railways which comprise the chief mode of organized transportation system is the nation’s single largest undertaking with a route length of over 63 thousand kilometers spread over 6853 railway stations. Making a small beginning in April 1853 when the first ever railway train in India commenced its journey from Mumbai to thane, a stretch of only 34 kilometers, Indian railways emerged to be Asia’s largest and the world’s second largest railway system under a single management.

As on march 31, 2011 the Indian railway had a vast network of 7083 stations spread over a route length of 64024 kilometers.

As on march 31, 2011 about 23 percent of the route kilometer, 34 percent of running track kilometer and 34 percent of total track kilometer is electrified, this is the second biggest electrified system in the system, the first being commonwealth of Independent states.

The Indian railway system is now divided into 17 zones. Each zone is headed by a general manager, who is responsible for the railway board for all the zonal affairs such as operation and maintenance of zonal railways and the financial matters pertaining there to.

S.No	Zone	Date of creation	Headquarters
1	Southern	14.04.1951	Chennai
2	Western	05.11.1951	Mumbai (church gate)
3	Cebtrak	05.11.1951	Mumbai (Victoria terminus)
4	Northern	04.04.1952	New delhi
5	Eastern	01.08.1955	Kolkata
6	South Eastern	01.08.1955	Kolkata
7	North- Eastern	14.04.1955	Gorakhpur
8	South Central	02.10.1966	Secunderabad
9	North East Frontier	15.01.1958	Maligaon (Guwahati)
10	North- Central	06.07.2002	Allahabad
11	East- Central	06.07.2002	Hajipur
12	North- Western	10.10.1996	Jaipur
13	East- Coast	06.07.2002	Bhubaneswar
14	South- Western	01.11.1996	Hubli
15	West- Central	06.07.2002	Jabalpur
16	South- East central	06.07.2002	Bilaspur
17	Metro rail	2010	kolkata

Battles and Wars in India

Battle of Hydaspes—In 326 B.C. when Alexander, the great had to turn back from Hydaspes (Beas) when his troops refused to march into India against the Nanda Empire.

Battle of Kalinga—It was fought in 361 B.C. between Ashoka, the great and the king of Kalinga. The war resulted in considerable loss of life and brought misery and suffering to the people. Its impression on Ashoka was so great that he not only turned a Buddhist, but renounced war and violence.

1st Battle of Tarain (1191 A.D.)—Prithvi Raj defeated Mohd. Gauri.

2nd Battle of Tarain (1192 A.D.)—Mohd. Gauri defeated Prithvi Raj and paved the way for Muslim rule in India.

First Battle of Panipat (1526)—Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi. This laid the foundation of Mughal rule in India.

Second Battle of Panipat (1556)—Akbar defeated Hemu. It ended the Afgan Rule and the way was cleared for Mughal rule.

Battle of Talikota (1565)—The united alliance of Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkunda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijaynagar. It sealed the fate of the Hindu Kingdom of Vijaynagar.

Battle of Haldighati (1576)—Akbar defeated Rana Pratap. The latter had to take refuge in remote fortresses.

Battle of Plassey (1757)—The British under Lord Clive defeated Sirajuddaulah. It laid foundation of the British Rule in India.

Third Battle of Panipat (1761)—Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marahattas. The Marahatta power suffered an irreparable loss.

Battle of Buxer (1764)—The British under Sir Hector Munro defeated the Muslim army under three Mohammadan leaders : Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-daulha and Shah Alam II. The battle made the British Supreme in India.

The First Sikh War (1845)—The Sikh Army crossed Sutlej in 1845 at which the East India Company declared war. British occupied Lahore and forced the Sikhs to accept humiliating terms of peace.

The Second Sikh War (1849)—A drawn battle was fought between the English and the Sikhs at Chelianwala in which the English appeared to have suffered heavy losses.

Indo-Pak War (1965)—An indecisive war between India and Pakistan. It led to ‘Taskent Pact’ between the two countries.

Indo-Pak War (1971)—Indian forces in joint command with Bangladesh Army accepted the surrender of the Pak Army in Bangladesh. War in the western sector came to an end as a result of cease-fire on Dec. 17. Bangladesh was liberated.

Kargil War (1999)—Indian forces scored grand victory over Pakistani army and Pak supported mercenaries in a conflict in the Kargil sector of Jammu & Kashmir. The operation was named ‘Operation Vijaya.’ The Indian forces cleared Kargil of all Pakistani elements.