Entertainment Awards (Advertisement)

S.No.	Awards & Honours	Purpose/Objective	First Held in country/year	Name of Body/Institution/ Government
1	Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival (held yearly)	To celebrate the best of creativity in brand communication, discuss industry issues and network with one another.	Venice, Itlay, 1954	International Advertising Festival, the team behind Cannes Lions, Dubai International Advertising Festival and Spikes Asia
2	Clio Awards (held annually)	to reward innovation and creative excellence in advertising, design and communication.	1960	Prometheus Global Media
3	Design and Art Direction (D & AD)	Benchmarking and rewarding great ideas that are well executed and appropriate	1963	---
4	Effie Award	To honor the most effective marketing communications ideas	1968	Effie Worldwide, Inc., a non-profit organization
5	The Advertising Club of New York Award	focuses efforts on advertising industry self-regulation, professional training and good fellowship.	1915	The Advertising Club of New York
6	Summit International Awards	This award is for the pioneers who are leaders, innovators and visionaries in this exciting new realm of advertising.	----	SIA Organization
7	OBIE Awards (annual awards)	creative excellence in the world of advertising.	1956	The Village Voice newspaper
8	Cresta Awards	To honor an absolute standard of creative excellence in the international advertising and marketing communications industry.	1993	Creative Standards International, in partnership with the International Advertising Association

Business And Management Awards

S.No.	Awards & Honours	Purpose/Objective	First Held in country/year	Name of Body/Institution/ Government
1	Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Awards	To enhance the awareness of the importance of entrepreneurship amongst the general public and in turn, stimulate the growth of local and regional brands and enterprises both locally and regionally.	Malayasia	Kuala Lumpur-based regional NGO, Enterprise Asia
2	Deming Prize For Quality	To reward companies for major advances in quality improvement	Japan, 1950	Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE)
3	E. H. Harriman Award (Presented annually)	To encourage safe operating practices and safety enhancements.	1913	E.H. Harriman Memorial Awards Institute
4	European Business Awards	To recognise and promote excellence, best practice and innovation in the European business community.	First awarded in 2007, launched in 2006	HSBC
5	European IST Grand Prize	For groundbreaking products that represent the best of European innovation in Information Society Technologies.	2006	Euro-CASE
6	Henry Laurence Gantt Medal	For distinguished achievement in management and service to the community.	1929	American Society of Mechanical Engineers
7	Jake Award (Presented annually)	To recognize outstanding safety achievements in the short line railroad industry, which had gone unrecognized before.	1995	Rail transport industry group American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association
8	Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award	To recognize U.S. organizations in the business, health care, education, and nonprofit sectors for performance excellence.	1987	President of the United States
9	Railroader of the Year (Awarded annually)	To recognize the railroads' commitments to customer service and innovation in the industry.	1964	Trade journal Railway Age
10	Ron Brown Award for Corporate Leadership	To recognize companies for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities.	1997	The Conference Board, a non-profit organization
11	Train Operator of the Year	To recognize excellence among train operating companies of the United Kingdom	1997	As part of the HSBC Rail Business Awards
12	Woodrow Wilson Awards (Awarded annually)	Awarded to those who have shown an outstanding commitment to President of the United States Woodrow Wilson's dream of integrating politics, scholarship, and policy for the common good.	----	Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

List of Jnanpith Award Winners (1965–2014)

Jnanpith Award is being given for the best creative literary writing by any Indian citizen in any of the languages included in the VIII Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The Award is the brain-child of late Smt. Rama Jain, the first President of and the moving spirit behind the Bharatiya Jnanpith since its inception. It has become the most prestigious literary award of the country. This awards inlude sum of Rs. 5 lakhs including citation.

Year : Name – Works (Language)
1965 : G. Sankara Kurup – Odakkuzhal [Flute] (Malayalam)
1966 : Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya – Ganadevta (Bengali)
1967 : Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa (Kuvempu) – Sri Ramayana Darshanam (Kannada)
1967 : Umashankar Joshi – Nishitha (Gujarati)
1968 : Sumitranandan Pant – Chidambara (Hindi)
1969 : Firaq Gorakhpuri – Gul-e-Naghma (Urdu)
1970 : Viswanatha Satyanarayana – Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu [A resourceful tree:Ramayana] (Telugu)
1971 : Bishnu Dey Smriti – Satta Bhavishyat (Bengali)
1972 : Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' – Urvashi (Hindi)
1973 : Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre – Nakutanti [Naku Thanthi (Four Strings)] (Kannada)
1973 : Gopinath Mohanty – Paraja (Oriya)
1974 : Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar – Yayati (Marathi)
1975 : P. V. Akilan – Chitttrappavai (Tamil)
1976 : Ashapurna Devi – Pratham Pratisruti (Bengali)
1977 : K. Shivaram Karanth – Mookajjiya Kanasugalu [Mookajjis dreams] (Kannada)
1978 : Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' – Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar [How many times in many boats?] (Hindi)
1979 : Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya – Mrityunjay [Immortal] (Assamese)
1980 : S. K. Pottekkatt – Oru Desathinte Katha [Story of a land] (Malayalam)
1981 : Amrita Pritam – Kagaj te Canvas (Punjabi)
1982 : Mahadevi Varma – Yama (Hindi)
1983 : Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar – Chikkaveera Rajendra [Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra] (Kannada)
1984 : Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai – Kayar [Coir] (Malayalam)
1985 : Pannalal Patel – Maanavi Ni Bhavaai (Gujarati)
1986 : Sachidananda Rout Roy (Oriya)
1987 : Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) – Natsamrat (Marathi)
1988 : Dr.C. Narayana Reddy – Vishwambhara (Telugu)
1989 : Qurratulain Hyder – Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar (Urdu)
1990 : V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) – Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi (Kannada)
1991 : Subhas Mukhopadhyay – Padati (Bengali)
1992 : Naresh Mehta (Hindi)
1993 : Sitakant Mahapatra – "for outstanding contribution to the enrichment of Indian literature, 1973-92" (Oriya)
1994 : U. R. Ananthamurthy – for his contributions to (Kannada) literature (Kannada)
1995 : M. T. Vasudevan Nair – Randamoozham [Second Chance] (Malayalam)
1996 : Mahasweta Devi – Hajar Churashir Ma (Bengali)
1997 : Ali Sardar Jafri (Urdu)
1998 : Girish Karnad – "for his contributions to (Kannada) literature and for contributions to (Kannada) theater (yayati)" (Kannada)
1999 : Nirmal Verma (Hindi)
1999 : Gurdial Singh (Punjabi)
2000 : Indira Goswami (Assamese)
2001 : Rajendra Keshavlal Shah (Gujarati)
2002 : D. Jayakanthan (Tamil)
2003 : Vinda Karandikar – Ashtadarshana (poetry) (Marathi)
2004 : Rahman Rahi – Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Siyah Rode Jaren Manz (Kashmiri)
2005 : Kunwar Narayan (Hindi)
2006 : Ravindra Kelekar (Konkani)
2006 : Satya Vrat Shastri (Sanskrit)
2007 : O. N. V. Kurup (Malayalam)
2008 : Akhlaq Mohammed Khan 'Shahryar' (Urdu)
2009 : Amar Kant (Hindi)
2009 : Shrilal Shukla (Hindi)
2010 : Chandrashekhara Kambara – for his contributions to Kannada literature (Kannada) 

2011 : Pratibha RayYajnaseni (Oriya)

2012 : Ravuri Bharadhwaja - For his notable contribution to Telugu literature (Telugu)

2013 :   Kedarnath Singh - For his notable contribution to Hindi literature. ‘Abhi bilkul abhi’ and ‘Yahan se dekho’ are among his prominent works (Hindi)

2014 : Bhalchandra Vanaji Nemade (Marathi)

‘Abhi bilkul abhi’ and ‘Yahan se dekho’ are among his prominent works - See more at: http://www.onlinegk.com/current-affairs/current-affairs-june-2014#sthash.QTmHJyfr.dpuf

List of Gandhi Peace Prize Winners (1995-2013)

The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after Mahatma Gandhi, is awarded annually by the Government of India.

As a tribute to the ideals espoused by Gandhi, the Government of India launched the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 1995 on the occasion of the 125th birth anniversary of Mohandas Gandhi. This is an annual award given to individuals and institutions for their contributions towards social, economic and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash, convertible in any currency in the world, a plaque and a citation. It is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, creed or sex.

A jury consisting of the Prime Minister of India, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, the Chief Justice of India and two other eminent persons decides the awardee each year.

Gandhi Peace Prize Winners List
2013 : Chandi Prasad Bhatt Environmentalist, India
2005 : Desmond Tutu South African Cleric and Activist, South Africa
2004 : Coretta Scott King Widow of Martin Luther King, United States
2003 : Václav Havel 1st President of Czech Republic, Czech Republic
2002 : Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust, India
2001 : John Hume Northern Irish Politician, Northern Ireland
2000 : Nelson Mandela (co-recipient) Former President of South Africa, South Africa
2000 : Grameen Bank (co-recipient) Founded by Mohammad Yunus, Bangladesh
1999 : Baba Amte Social Worker, India
1998 : Ramakrishna Mission Founded by Swami Vivekananda, India
1997 : Gerhard Fischer German Diplomat, Germany
1996 : A. T. Ariyaratne Founder of Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement, Sri Lanka
1995 : Julius Nyerere 1st President of Tanzania, Tanzania

Indian Gallantry Awards

PARAM VIR CHAKRA :	It is the highest decoration of valour awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or prominent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy on land,sea or air.
MAHA VIR CHAKRA :	It is the second highest decoration. It is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.
VIR CHAKRA :	It is the third in the order of awards for acts of gallantry in the face of the enemy on land,sea or air.
ASHOK CHAKRA :	Awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring act of valour or self-sacrifice on land, at sea or in the air.
KIRTI CHAKRA :	Awarded for conspicuous gallantry.
SHAURYA CHAKRA :	Awarded for an act of gallantry.
PARAM VISHISHT SEWA MEDAL :	Awarded in recognition of distinguished service of the most exceptional order.
ATI VISHISHT SEWA MEDAL :	Awarded in recognition of distinguished service of an exceptional order.
VISHISHT SEWA MEDAL :	Awarded in recognition of distinguished service of a high order.
SENA MEDAL / NAU SENA : MEDAL/VAYU SENA MEDAL	For good work on the field, at sea or in the air.

Indian Magsaysay Award Winners

Name	Year Awarded	Category
Vinoba Bhave	1958	Community Leadership
Chintaman Deshmukh	1959	Government Services
Amitabha Chowdhury	1961	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Mother Teresa	1962	Peace and International Understanding
Dara Khurody	1963	Community Leadership
Verghese Kurien	1963	Community Leadership
Tribhuvandas Patel	1963	Community Leadership
Welthy Fisher	1964	Peace and International Understanding
Jayaprakash Narayan	1965	Public Service
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay	1966	Community Leadership
Satyajit Ray	1967	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Moncompu Sambasivan Swaminathan	1971	Community Leadership
M. S. Subbulakshmi	1974	Public Service
Boobli George Verghese	1975	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Henning Holck-Larsen	1976	Peace and International Understanding
Sombhu Mitra	1976	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Ela Ramesh Bhatt	1977	Community Leadership
Mabelle Arole	1979	Community Leadership
Rajanikant Arole	1979	Community Leadership
Gour Kishore Ghosh	1981	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Pramod Karan Sethi	1981	Community Leadership
Chandi Prasad Bhatt	1982	Community Leadership
Manibhai Desai	1982	Public Service
Arun Shourie	1982	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Rasipuram Lakshman	1984	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Muralidhar Amte	1985	Public Service
Lakshmi Chand Jain	1989	Public Service
K. V. Subbanna	1991	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Ravi Shankar	1992	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Banoo Jehangir Coyaji	1993	Public Service
Kiran Bedi	1994	Government Services
Pandurang Athavale	1996	Community Leadership
Tirunellai Seshan	1996	Government Services
Mahasweta Devi	1997	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Mahesh Chander Mehta	1997	Public Service
Jockin Arputham	2000	Peace and International Understanding
Aruna Roy	2000	Community Leadership
Rajendra Singh	2001	Community Leadership
Sandeep Pandey	2002	Emergent Leadership
James Michael Lyngdoh	2003	Government Services
Shantha Sinha	2003	Community Leadership
Laxminarayan Ramdas	2004	Peace and International Understanding
V. Shantha	2005	Public Service
Arvind Kejriwal	2006	Emergent Leadership
Palagummi Sainath	2007	Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts
Mandakini Amte	2008	Community Leadership
Prakash Amte	2008	Community Leadership
Deep Joshi	2009	Community Leadership
Neelima Mishra	2011	Emergent Leadership
Harish Hande	2011	Emergent Leadership
Kulandei Francis	2012	Community Leadership

List of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees

The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (RGKR) is India’s highest honour given for achievement in sports. The words "Khel Ratna" literally mean "sports gem" in Hindi. The award is named after the late Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India. It carries a medal, a scroll of honour and a substantial cash component. Up to 2004–05, the cash component was Rs. 500,000/- (c.11,500 USD).The money has been increased from Rs. 500,000 to Rs. 750,000.

 List of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees

Year	Name of the Sportsperson(s)	Sport Discipline
1991–92	Viswanathan Anand	Chess
1992–93	Geet Sethi	Billiards
1993–94	Not Conferred
1994–95	Cdr. Homi D. Motivala (Joint)	Yachting (Team Event)
	Lt. Cdr. P. K. Garg (Joint)
1995–96	Karnam Malleswari	Weightlifting
1996–97	Nameirakpam Kunjarani (Joint)	Weightlifting
	Leander Paes (Joint)	Tennis
1997–98	Sachin Tendulkar	Cricket
1998–99	Jyotirmoyee Sikdar	Athletics
1999–2000	Dhanraj Pillay	Hockey
2000–01	Pullela Gopichand	Badminton
2001–02	Abhinav Bindra	Shooting
2002–03	Anjali Ved Pathak Bhagwat(Joint)	Shooting
	K. M. Beenamol (Joint)	Athletics
2003–04	Anju Bobby George	Athletics
2004–05	Lt. Col Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore	Shooting
2005–06	Pankaj Advani	Billiards and Snooker
2006–07	Manavjit Singh Sandhu	Shooting
2007–08	Mahendra Singh Dhoni	Cricket
2008–09	Mary Kom (Joint)	Boxing
	Vijender Singh (Joint)	Boxing
	Sushil Kumar (Joint)	Wrestling
2009–10	Saina Nehwal	Badminton
2010–11	Gagan Narang	Shooting
2011–12	Vijay Kumar (Joint)	Shooting
	Yogeshwar Dutt (Joint)	Wrestling

Different Types of Awards (India & World)

Nobel Prize
• It is the most coveted international award of the world.
• It was instituted by the inventor of dynamite, Alfred Bernard Nobel (1833-96)
• The award is given on Dec.10, which is the death anniversary of its founder.
• Nobel made a trust from the money that he earned through the patent of his invention whose interest is used to give the money for the Nobel Prizes.
• Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent person who have made pioneering achievements in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Peace, Literature and Economics.
• Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was in 1967 and was first given in 1969.

Other Awards and Prizes
Pulitzer Prize
• It was instituted in 1970 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer.
• It is conferred annually in the USA for accomplishments in journalism, literature and music.

Magsaysay Awards
• They were instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the late President of Philippines, who died in an air crash.
• This award is given annually on August 31, for outstanding contributions to Public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding.
• They are often regarding as the Nobel Prize of Asia.

Booker Prize
• It is the highest literary award given to the authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries.
• It is instituted in 1968 by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the lines of Pulitzer Prize of US.
• Booker Prize has been renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken by the Man Group, an international stockbroker.

Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding
• It was instituted in 1965 by the Government of India.
• It is given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to the promotion of international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world.

Oscar Awards
• These awards were instituted in 1929 and conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA.
• These are considered the most prestigious award in the cinema world.
• The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie ‘Gandhi’.
• Satyajit Ray was the First Indian who was awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992.

Right Livelihood Award
• It was instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London.
• It is renowned as alternate Nobel Award to promote and contribute in the field of environment and social justice.

Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize
• It was instituted in 1995 by the Government of India.
• It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize.

UNESCO Peace Prize
• It is presented by United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for extraordinary contribution for international peace.

UNESCO Human Right Award
• It is also presented by UNESCO for contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness.
• It is given every alternate year.

UN Human Right Award
• It is presented by United Nation (UN) for personal contribution for the cause of human rights.
• It is presented every sixth year.

World Food Prize
• It is presented by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), one of the branches of UNO, for the cause of agriculture and food development.

Olympic Gold Order
• It is presented by the International Olympic Committee for distinguished services in the development of the OLYMPIC MOVEMENT.

Indira Gandhi Award for International Peace, Disarmament and Development
• It is presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund for specialized contribution in the filed of International disarmament and development.

Bharat Ratna
• It is the highest civilian award of India. It is presented by the Government of India.
• It is presented for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of art, literature and science.
• It was instituted in 1954 and the first recipient was Dr. Radhakrishnan.
• Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award for distinguished services in any field including Government service.
• Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards.

Bhartiya Jnanpeeth Awards
• It was instituted in 1965 and is given for distinguished works in any reconised language by a scholar.

Sahitya Akademi Award
• It was instituted in 1955 and is given for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English literature during last 5 years.

Murtidevi Award
• It was constituted in 1948 and is given in any Indian language or English literature, for distinguished contribution to Indian values.

Saraswati Samman
• It was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation and is given for any distinguished literary work made during last 10 years in any of the Indian language.

Tansen Awards
• These awards are given by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of music.

Vyas Samman
• It was instituted in 1992 by K. K. Birla Foundation for outstanding contribution to Hindi literature.

Iqbal Samman
• These awards are given by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of literature.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards
• These awards are given to the Indian scientist for their exceptional performance.

R. D. Birla Award
• These awards are given in the field of medical sciences.

Dhanvantri Award
• These awards are given for the extra ordinary performance in medical sciences.

Arjuna Awards
• These were instituted in 1961and given by Sports Ministry, Government of India.
• These are given for the special achievements in different types of sports.

Dronacharya Awards
• These were instituted in 1985 and given by Sports Ministry, Government of India.
• These are given to sports coaches.

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
• It was instituted in 1962 and is presented for commendable display by the players.

Gallantry Awards
• Param Vir Chakra : It is India’s highest award for bravery.
• Mahavir Chakra : It is the second highest gallantry award.
• Vir Chakra : It is the third highest gallantry award.
• Ashok Chakra : It is the highest peace-time gallantry award.

PRIME MINISTER’S SHRAM AWARD

The objective of the Prime Minister’s Shram Award is to recognize the outstanding contribution made by workmen as defined in the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, in organisations both in public and private sector and who have distinguished record of performance, devotion to duty of a high order, specific contribution in the field of productivity, proven innovative abilities, presence of mind and exceptional courage and also to the workmen, who have made supreme sacrifice of laying down their lives in the conscientious discharge of their duties

SHAHEED NIYOGI MEMORIAL AWARD FOR JOURNALISM

The award was instituted in 1998 to recognise the contribution of Journalists in upholding the legacy of Shanker Guja Niyogi, the firebrand trade union leader and social activist from Chhattisgarh, who was murdered on September 28, 1991 by the industrial mafia.

SHANTI SWAROOP BHATNAGAR PRIZES

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prizes are awarded annually by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) to outstanding Indian research workers in seven disciplines of Science and Technology. The SSB Prizes are awarded to scientists for their outstanding scientific contributions made primarily in India during last 5 years preceeding the year of the award are eligible for the Prize. The SSB Prize comprising a citation, a plaque and a cash award of Rs. 2 lakh is given to each selected person.

GOLDEN PEACOCK AWARDS

These awards have been instituted by the Institute of Directors in 1991 have given boost to Indian Industry. One can fairly assert that India’s manufacturing success today is to a great measure due to the learning experience provided by the self assessment model on which the Golden Peacock Award is based. The Golden Peacock Awards are now considered as the holy grail of corporate excellence and its guidelines provide a checklist for improvement and self-assessment in areas of quality, innovation, training, governance, environment management and corporate social responsibility.

All institutions whether public, private, non-profit, government, business, manufacturing and service sector are eligible to apply. Leadership Awards are determined through nomination. They provide not only worldwide recognition and prestige but also a competitive advantage in driving business in this tumultuous world under Golden Peacock-award models. The awards are bestowed annually and are designed to encourage total improvement in each sector of business.

JAMNALAL BAJAJ AWARDS

In 1976, the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation was established for promoting Gandhian constructive programmes and assisting constructive workers who devoted themselves to the national cause. The foundation has instituted four annual awards, each carrying a cash prize of Rs. 5,00,000 or its equivalent in foreign currency, a citation and a trophy. The awards are intended to recognise outstanding contribution in :

• Constructive work
• Application of science and technology for rural development
• Upliftment and welfare of women and children and/or Gandhian constructive work by women workers
• Promotion of Gandhian values outside India by individuals other than Indian citizens.

On the occasion of the Jamnalal Bajaj Birth Centenary, the foundation conferred on Dr. Nelson Mandela, a Special Award of Rs.5,00,000, a citation and a specially sculptured trophy. It was presented on 18 October 1990, at a special function held in Raj Bhavan, Calcutta, by the Governor of West Bengal and in the presence of Shri Jyoti Basu, Chief Minister of West Bengal.

The foundation has undertaken several rural development programmes in the Wardha district, Maharashtra, Kheri district and Shikohabad near Ferozabad in Uttar Pradesh. It also extends financial assistance to institutions and individuals engaged in social and welfare programmes.

GRAMMY AWARDS

The GRAMMY Foundation was established in 1989 to cultivate an awareness, appreciation and advancement of the contribution of recorded music. American culture from the artistic and technical legends of the past to the still unimagined musical breakthroughs of the future generations of the music professionals. The GRAMMY Foundation works in partnership with its founder, the Recording Academy, to bring national attention to important issues such as the value and impact of music and arts education and the urgency of preserving rich cultural legacy.

WORLD FOOD PRIZE

The Prize recognizes contributions in any field involved in the world food, supply-food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership and the social sciences. The prize was created in 1986 by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borland and since 1990 has been sponsored by business man and pilanthropist John Ruan, The winner receives US$ 2,50,000.

OSCAR AWARD

The annual Oscar presentation has been held since 1929. After three quarters of a century of recognizing excellence in cinema achievement, the annual presentation of the Oscar has become the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences’ most famous activity. The Academy Award’s Presentation is also the activity that enables the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to maintain its varied year round calendar of programs and events and a wide-ranging educational and cultural agenda.

All voting for Academy Awards is conducted by secret ballot and tabulated by the international auditing firm of Pricewaterhouse Cooper. Secrecy is maintained by the auditors the results of balloting are not revealed until the now-famous envelopes are opened on stage during the live television program. Because the Academy numbers among its members the ablest artists and craftsmen in the motion picture world, the Oscar represents the best achievements of the year in the opinion of those who themselves reside at the top of their craft.

RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARD

Instituted in 1957 named after Ramon Magasaysay, President of the Philippines, who died in an air crash in 1957. He became world renowned figure in the 1950’s for his land reform programme to defuse communist insurgency. The award is given annually on August 31st, the birth anniversary of Magsaysay, for outstanding contributions to Public Service, Community Leadership, Journalism, Literature and Creative Arts and International Understanding. It is equivalent to the Nobel Prize in Asia. It may also be awarded to organizations / institutions and non-Asians working for the benefit of Asia. It carries a cash prize of $50,000.

Indian Recipients : Mother Teresa (1962), Jockin Arputham (2000), L. Ramdas (2004). For Lterature, Journalism and Creative Communication Arts : Amitabh Chaudhury (1961), Satyajit Ray (1967), B, G, Vergheese (1975), Shambu Mitra (1976), Gour Kishore Ghosh (1981), Arun Shourie (1982), R, K, Lakshman (1984), K, V, Subbanna (1991), Mahasweta Devi (1997), P. Sainath (2007).

For Community Leadership : Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1958), Dara N, Khurodi , Thribhuvan Das K, Patel and Vergheese Kurian (1963), Kamaladevi Chattopdhyaya (1966), M, S, Swaminathan (1971), L, R, Bhat (1977), Rajanikant S, Arole and Mabelle R, Arole (1979), Panduranga Athavale (1996), Ms. Aruna Roy (2000), Rajendra Singh (2001), Ms. Shanta Sinha (2003), Prakash Amte and his wife Mandakini Amte (2008).

For Public Service : Jaya Prakash Narayan (1965), M, S, Subalakshmi (1974), Manibhai Desai (1982), Muralidhar Devidas Amte (1985), L, C, Jain (1989), M S Mehta (1997), V, Sharma (2005)

For Government Service : C, D, Deshmukh (1959), Kiran Bedi (1994), T, N, Seshan (1996), J, M, Lyngodh (2003).

For Emergent Leadership : Sandeep Pandey (2002), Arvind Kejriwal (2006).

NOBEL PRIZE

Background of Nobel Foundation

Alfred Bernhard Nobel: Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel, who invented dynamite, endowed a $9 million fund in his will. The interest on this endowment was to be used as awards for people whose work most benefited humanity. He wanted the profit from his invention to be used to reward human ingenuity. First awarded in 1901, the Nobel Prize, is still the most honoured in the world.

In 1842, Nobel’s family moved to St. Petesburg, Russia, where he obtained his education. He travelled widely as a young man, becoming fluent in five languages. Nobel was interested in literature and wrote novels, poetry and plays in his spare time. In the 1860s, he began experiments with nitroglycerin in his father’s factory. He tried many ways to stabilise this highly volatile material. Nobel discovered that a mix of nitroglycerin and fine porous powder called kieselguhr was most effective. He named this mixture as dynamite and received a patent in 1867.

Background and Establishment of the Nobel Foundation : Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896. The provisions of his will and their unusual purpose, as well as their partly incomplete form, attracted great attention and soon led to skepticism and criticism, also aimed at the testator due to his international spirit. Only after several years of negotiations and often rather bitter conflicts and after various obstacles had been circumvented or overcome, could the fundamental concepts presented in the will assume solid form with the establishment of the Nobel Foundation.

On June, 1900, after series of alterations, suggestions, modifications, the statues of the newly created legatee, the Nobel Foundation, and special regulations for the Swedish Prize-Awarding Institutions were promulgated by the King in Council (Oscar II). The same year as the political union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved in 1905, special regulations were adopted on April 10, 1905, by the Nobel Committee of the Storting (known since January 1, 1977 as the Norwegian Nobel Committee), the awarder of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Premises: To create a worthy framework around the prizes, the board decided at an early stage that it would erect its own building in Stockholm, which would include a hall for the Prize Award Ceremony and banquet as well as its own administrative offices. Ferdinand Boberg was selected as the architect. He presented an ambitious proposal for a Nobel Palace, which generated extensive publicity but also led to doubts and questions. On December 19, 1918, a building at Sturegatan, 14 was bought for this purpose. After years of renovation there, the Foundation finally left its cramped premises at Norrlandsgatan, 6 in 1926, and moved to Sturegatan, 14, where the Foundation has been housed ever since.

Objectives of the Foundation : The Nobel Foundation is a private institution. It is entrusted with protecting the common interests of the Prize Awarding Institutions named in the will, as well as representing the Nobel institutions externally. This includes informational activities as well as arrangements related to the presentation of the Nobel Prizes. The Foundation is not, however, involved in the selection process and the final choice of the Laureates (as Nobel Prize winners are also called). In this work, the Prize-awarding Institutions are not only entirely independent of all government agencies and organisations, but also of the Nobel Foundation. Their autonomy is of crucial importance to the objectivity and quality of their prize decisions. One vital task of the Foundation is to manage its assets in such a way as to safeguard the financial base of the prizes themselves and of the prize selection process.

• Year of Institution : 1901
• Founder : Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–96)
• Number of Awards : Six
  1. Physics
  2. Chemistry
  3. Physiology or Medicine
  4. Literature Peace
  5. Economics (Established in 1967)
• Date on which it is awarded : December 10
  Anyone proposing himself for Nobel Prize is ruled out of consideration. The recommendations have to come from outside. The Noble Prizes are presented annually, December 10, the death anniversary of the founder and the festival day of the Foundation. Originally it was awarded for works in five disciplines. The prize for Economics was instituted in 1967, by Sverigs Riksbank, Swedish Bank, in celebration of its 300th anniversary and was awarded for the first time in 1969, it is called Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.

Nobel Foundation’s Prize Awarding Bodies

• The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, awards the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.
• The Nobel Assembly of Karolinska Chirugical Institute, Sweden, awards the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.
• The Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature.
• The Committee of the Norwegian Parliament awards the Prize for Peace.
• The Bank of Sweden Awards the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Value of the Nobel Prize : The amount of each prize varies with the income from the fund. The value of nobel prize was 150,782 Swedish Crown in 1901. Now the value of nobel prize has increased to 10,000,000 Swedish Crown in 2004 as compared to 9,000,000 Swedish Crown in 2000. No Nobel Prize was awarded for 1940, 1941 and 1942; Prizes for Literature were not awarded for 1914, 1918 and 1943.
Maximum Nobel Prizes : US citizens have won outright as well as shared the maximum number of Nobel Prizes. Individually, the only person to have two Nobel Prizes: Dr Linus Carl Pauling, Professor of Chemistry at California. He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 and the Peace Prize in 1962
First Couple to Receive the Nobel Prize : Madame Marie Curie shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with her husband Pierre Curie, she later won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911,
Three Nobel Prizes : The International Committee of the Red Cross was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace three times: 1917, 1944 and 1963.

INDIAN NOBEL LAUREATES

Name	Field	Year
Rabindranath Tagore (1861 – 1941)	Literature (Gitanjali)	1913
Dr. C.V. Raman (1888 – 1970)	Physics (Raman Effect)	1930
Dr. Hargobind Khorana (b. 1922) (of Indian Descent)	Medicine (Genetic Code)	1968
Mother Teresa (1910 – 97)	Peace	1979
Dr. S. Chandrasekhar (1910 – 95)	Physics (Chandrasekhar Limit)	1983
Dr. Amartya Sen (b. 1933)	Economics (Welfare Economics)	1988
Sir V.S. Naipaul (b. 1932) (of Indian Desent)	Literature	2001
Venkataraman Ramakrishnan	Chemistry	2009