GEOGRAPHY TERMS

ANTIPODES	A region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.
ANTICYCLONES	Winds which blow outward from the center.
APHELION	Position of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.
ARCHIPELAGO	A cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.
ATOLL	Coral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.
AXIS	An imaginary line joining north and south poles.
AVALANCHE	A vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.
BIOSPHERE	Animate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.
CANYON	A deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.
CONTINENTAL SHELF	Land adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.
CYCLONES	A low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.
CROP ROTATION	Growing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.
DATE LINE	An imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.
DELTA	Alluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.
DEW	Condensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.
DRY FARMING	Growing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.
EQUATOR	An imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.
EQUINOXES	The day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.
EROSION	Wearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.
ECLIPSE	When one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.
FOG	When the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.
FROST	When the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.
HIGH SEAS	The parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.
ICEBERG	Huge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.
ISOBARS	Lines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.
ISOTHERMS	Lines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.
ISTHMUS	Narrow neck of land joining two land areas.
KUNDAN	Anew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.
LAGOON	A shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.
LIGHT YEAR	The distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.
LOCAL TIME	Time calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.
MERIDIAN	Imaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.
MIST	It is just like fog but contain more moisture.
OASIS	A part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.
ORBIT	The path of the heavenly bodies.
PYGMALLION POINT	The southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.
PRAIRIES	Smooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.
REEF	Jutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.
SAVANNA	Land covered with natural grass.
SIDEREAL DAY	Time taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.
SNOW LINE	Altitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.
SPRING TIDES	Higher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.
NEAP TIDES	Tides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.
TORNADO	A brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.
TUNDRAS	Peripheral area of Arctic ocean.
TYCOON	Violent hurricane in China Sea.
WEATHER SATELLITE	Artificial satellite designed to forecast weather.
WESTERLIES	Constant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.

Trade Names

No.	Trade	Products
1.	Allwyn	Refrigerator,steelfurniture,watches
2.	Agfa	Photo goods
3.	Ambassador	Car
4.	Amul	Butter,Ghee,Cheese,Chocolate
5.	Aerolon	Hair Spray
6.	Atlas	Bicycle
7.	Avon	Bicycle
8.	Bata	Shoes and rubber goods
9.	Bayer	Chemicals
10.	Bajaj	Scooters & Electrical Appliances
11.	Binny's	Cotton Textiles
12.	Black Bird	Fountain Pen
13.	Black and black	Whisky
14.	Brooke Bond	Tea
15.	B.S.A.	Motor Cycle,Bicycle
16.	Brasso	Brass Polish
17.	Brylcream	Hair Cream
18.	Borolyn	Antiseptic Skin Cream
19.	Britannia	Bread,Cake,Biscuit
20.	Bigston	Television
21.	Burshane	Cooking Gas
22.	Binaca	Tooth Paste,Tooth Brush,Powder
23.	Cadbury	Chocolate
24.	Caltex	Petroleum
25.	Ceat	Tyres
26.	Chelpark	Ink
27.	Colt	Revolver
28.	Crown	T.V.
29.	Crompton	Motors,Fans,Light
30.	Cuticura	Talcum powder,Soap
31.	Cinthol	Soap,Powder
32.	Cobra	Boot Polish
33.	Daurala	Sweets and Sugar
34.	Dodge	Motor Car
35.	Eveready	Batteries,Torches,Cell
36.	Eastern Star	Bicycle
37.	Exide	Batteries
38.	Esso	Petroleum
39.	Flit	Insecticide
40.	Flex	Shoes
41.	Favre Leuba	Watches
42.	Firestone	Tyres
43.	Ford	Motor Car,Truck,Tractor
44.	Gem	Refrigerators
45.	Gillette	Razor Blades
46.	Godrej	Safes,Soaps,Refrigerators,Steel Furniture
47.	Grundig	Electronic goods
48.	Haig	Whisky
49.	Hercules	Cycles
50.	Hennol	Hair Dye
51.	Indane	Cooking Gas
52.	Kassel	Fans
53.	Kiwi	Boot Polish
54.	Kodak	Photographic Goods
55.	Kolynos	Tooth Paste and Brush
56.	Landmaster	Motor Car
57.	Lal Imli	Wollens
58.	Liberty	Shirts
59.	Max Factor	Cosmetics
60.	Mauser	Pistol
61.	Matador	suitings
62.	Murphy	Radio
63.	Nivea	Skin Cream
64.	Onida	T.V.
65.	Optrex	Eye Drop
66.	Omega	Wrist Watches
67.	Peps	Throat Drugs
68.	Panama	Safety Razor Blades,Cigarettes
69.	Parker	Fountain Pen
70.	Polson	Butter
71.	Pye	T.V.,Radio
72.	Philips	Electrical Goods,Radio,Television
73.	Quink	Ink
74.	Raleigh	Bicycle
75.	Remington	Typewriter,Office equipment and machines
76.	Enfield	Motor Cycle
77.	Rolex	Watches
78.	Silvikrin	Hair Tonic
79.	Shalimar	Paints,Biscuits
80.	Singer	Sewing Machine
81.	True Tone	Hair Dye
82.	Usha	Fans,Sewing Machine
83.	Voltas	Air-conditioning,Refrigerators
84.	Westclock	Time-piece
85.	Zeal	Thermometer

Geographical Discoveries

No.	Discovery	Discoveror	Country	Year
01	South Pole (Explored)	Amundsen	Norway	1911
02	North Pole (Explored)	Robert Edwin Peary	USA	1909
03	Hawaiian Island	Captain James cook	England	1770
04	Australia	Captain James cook	England	-
05	Sea-route to India via the Cape of Good Hope	Vasco-D-Gama	Portugal	1498
06	Course of the Zambesi river,the Victoria Falls	David Livingstone	Scotland	-
07	America	Cristopher Columbus	Italy	1497

Government Industries

No.	Center	Place
01	Bharat Electronics Ltd.	Jalahali,Bangalore (Karnataka)
02	Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.	1. Ranipur,Hardwar(U.P.) 2. Ramchandrapuram,Hyderabad (A.P.) 3. Tiruverumbur,Tiruchirapalli (Tamilnadu) 4. Bhopal (M.P.) 5. Jhansi (Ms.P.)
03	Chittaranjan Locomotive works	Chittaranjan (W.Bengal)
04	Diesel Locomotive Works	Varanasi (U.P.)
05	Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd.	New Delhi
06	Garden Reach Workshops Ltd.	Calcutta (W.Bengal)
07	Heavy Engineering Corporation ltd.	Ranchi (Bihar)
08	Heavy Machine Building Plant	Ranchi (Bihar)
09	Heavy Vehicles Factory	Avadi,Madras (Tamilnadu)
10	Hindustan Aeranautics Ltd.	Bangalore (Karnataka)
11	Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd.	Pimpri,Pune (Maharashtra),Rishikesh (U.P.)
12	Hindustan Aircraft Factory	Bangalore (Karnataka)
13	Hindustan Cables Ltd.	Rupnarainpur (W.Bengal)
14	Hindustan Latex Ltd.	Peroorkada,Trivendrum (Kerala)
15	Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd.	Bangalore (Karnataka),Pinjore(Haryana),Kalamassery (Kerala),Hyderabad (A.P.)
16	Hindustan Salts Ltd.	Jaipur (Rajasthan)
17	Hindustan Shipyards Ltd.	Vishakhapatnam (A.P.),Cochin (Kerala)
18	Hindustan Teleprinters Ltd.	Madras (Tamilnadu)
19	Hindustan Zinc Ltd.	Udaipur (Rajasthan)
20	Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	New Delhi
21	Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.	Mumbai (Maharashtra)
22	Indian Rare Earths Ltd.	Alwaye (Kerala)
23	Indian Telephone Industries Ltd.	Bangalore (Karnataka)
24	Integral Coach Factory	Madras (Tamilnadu)
25	Mazagaon Dock Ltd.	Mumbai (Maharashtra)
26	Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd.	Neyveli (Tamilnadu)