Showing posts with label GEOGRAPHY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GEOGRAPHY. Show all posts

Monday, January 14, 2013

MULTIPURPOSE RIVER-VALLEY PROJECTS

ALAMATTI DAM It is on the river Krishna.
BASPA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
 The 300 MW project is located in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest private hydro-electric project and has been built by Jaypee group. It is located on Baspa river, a tributary of Satluj.
BEAS PROJECT
 It is a joint venture of the governments of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It consists of two units: (i) Beas-Sutlej Link and (ii) Beas Dam at Pong. The project links the Beas and the Sutlej rivers in Punjab through 38.4 km of hills and valleys. The waters of the Beas were poured into the mighty Sutlej river on July 10, 1977 at the first-ever man-made confluence of the two major rivers at Slapper in Himachal in a mighty bid to augment the water resources of the Gobind Sagar Lake of the Bhakra-complex. This completed the Rs 380- crore dream which was realised in a period of only 12 years.
BHADRA RESERVOIR PROJECT
Bhadra Reservoir Project across the river Bhadra is in Karnataka.
BHAKRA-NANGAL PROJECT (HIMACHAL PRADESH) Largest multipurpose project in India and the highest straight gravity dam in the world (225.5 m high) on the river Sutlej.
CHAMBAL PROJECT
 It is a joint undertaking by the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh governments. The Rana Pratap Dam at Bhata, 48 km from Kotah, was inaugurated on Feb 9, 1970. The project comprises construction of two other dams: Gandhi Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh and Jawahar Sagar (Kotah) Dam in Rajasthan.  
CHAMERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
 The 540 MW Chamera hydro-electric project on the Ravi river in Himachal Pradesh was implemented with Canadian credit offer of about Rs 335 crore.  
CHUKHA PROJECT
The 336 MW project is the most prestigious and largest in Bhutan. It has been completely built by India. The dam has been constructed on Wang Chu river. The project costed Rs 244 crore.
DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT (WEST BENGAL AND BIHAR)
Principal object of this multipurpose scheme is to control the flowing of the Damodar which is notorious for its vagaries and destructiveness. It is designed on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in U.S.A.  
DUL-HASTI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The Rs. 1263 crore project is being built on river Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The foundation of the project was laid in September 1984. The project will consist of a power plant of 390 MW capacity. The power house will be located underground.  
DHAULIGANGA PROJECT
The Rs. 600 crore, 280 MW project is to be located on Dhauliganga river in Uttaranchal.  
FARAKKA BARRAGE
The basic aim of the Farakka Barrage is to preserve and maintain Calcutta port and to improve the navigability of the Hooghly river. It consists of a barrage across the Ganga at Farakka, another barrage at Jangipur across the Bhagirthi, a 39-km long feeder canal taking off from the right bank of the Ganga at Farakka and tailing into the Bhagirathi below the Jangipur barrage, and a road-cum-rail bridge have already been completed. Specially, the object of Farakka is to use about 40,000 cusecs of water out of the water stored in the dam to flush the Calcutta port which is getting silted up.  
GANDAK PROJECT (BIHAR AND U.P)
This is a joint venture of India and Nepal as per agreement signed between the two governments on Dec 4, 1959. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are the participating Indian States. Nepal would also derive irrigation and power benefits from this project.
HIRAKUD PROJECT (ORISSA)
It is the first of a chain of three Dams planned for harnessing the Mahanadi.
IDUKKI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
It is a giant hydro-electric project of Kerala and one of the biggest in the country, constructed with Canadian assistance with an installed capacity of 390 MW in the first stage and 780 MW in the second stage. The project envisages to harness Periyar waters, has three major dams, the 169 m high Idukki arch dam across Periyar river, 138 m high Cheruthoni Dam across the tributary of Cheruthoni river and 99.9 m high Kulamavu Dam.
JAYAKWADI DAM (MAHARASHTRA)
The 10-km-long Jayakwadi dam on the Godavari is Maharashtra’s largest irrigation project located near Paithan.
KALPONG HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT This is the first hydel power plant of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The 5.25 MW project was commissioned on July 1, 2001. It is located near Kalara village of Diglipur Tehsil in North Andaman and has been built by National Hydel Power Corporation.
KAKRAPARA PROJECT
It is situated on the Tapti near Kakrapara, 80 km upstream of Surat. The project is financed by the Gujarat Government.
KOEL KARO PROJECT The project envisages construction of earthen dam across river south Koel at Basia in Bihar and another dam over north Karo at Lohajimi. The capacity will be 710 MW.
KOL PROJECT
The 600 MW project is to be located on the Satluj, 6 km upstream of the Dehar Power House on the Beas-Satluj link project in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Besides generating power, the dam will also serve as a check dam for
the 1,050-MW Bhakra Dam and prolong its life by at least 10 years.
KOSI PROJECT This project will serve Bihar and Nepal. The Kosi rises in Nepal, passes through Bihar and joins the Ganges. The river is subject to heavy floods. Two dams are to be built across it.
NAGARJUNASAGAR PROJECT
This Project is a venture of Andhra Pradesh for utilizing water of the Krishna river. The Nagarjunasagar Dam was inaugurated on Aug 4, 1967. It is situated near Nandikonda village in Miryalguda Taluk of Nalgonda district.
NATHPA-JHAKRI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
India’s largest hydro-electric project, it is located at Nathpa Jhakri in Himachal Pradesh. It is built on Satluj river. The first of the six 250 MW units was commissioned on December 30, 2002. The project is being executed by Satluj Jal Nigam (formerly Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation).
PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT It is a joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala States. It envisages construction of seven inter-connected reservoirs by harnessing rivers including two major rivers viz., Parambikulam on the western slopes of Annamalai Hills and Aliyar on the eastern slopes.
PARAPPALAR DAM The Rs 1-crore Parappalar Dam with a storage capacity of 167 million cubic feet near Oddenchatram, about 75 km from Madurai in Palni taluk (Tamil Nadu), was inaugurated on August 30, 1976.
PARVATI VALLEY PROJECT
It is the first inter-State hydel power project of India. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi have joined hands with Himachal Pradesh to set up the project. The 2050 MW project will be built near Kullu, on Parvati river, a tributary of Beas.
PERIYAR VALLEY SCHEME (KERALA) The scheme envisages the construction of a masonry barrage 210.92 metres long across the river Periyar near Alwaye, in Ernakulam district.
PONG DAM
 It is also called the Beas Dam on the river Beas, near Talwara in Himachal Pradesh, is the highest (132 m high) rock-fill dam in the country. The project is a joint venture of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. The dam has been designed to store 6.6 million acre feet of water. Although the dam is meant primarily to meet the irrigation needs, it also produces power.
RAJASTHAN CANAL PROJECT
It is a bold venture of bringing irrigation to a desert area. The project, which uses water from the Pong dam, consists of 215-km long Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 178 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and the 467-km long Rajasthan main canal lying entirely in Rajasthan.
RAMGANGA RIVER PROJECT
This Project in Uttaranchal envisages construction of a dam across the river Ramganga, one of the major tributaries of the Ganga at 3.2 km upstream of Kalagarh in Garhwal district. RANJIT SAGAR DAM PROJECT Formerly known as Thein dam, it was dedicated to the nation on March 4, 2001. It is built on Ravi river near Thein village in Punjab. Total installed capacity is 600 MW.
RIHAND PROJECT (MIRZAPUR DISTRICT—U.P.) This project has been completed by the U.P. Government and comprises construction of a concrete gravity dam across the Rihand river in Mirzapur District (U.P.) and a Power House at Pipri and necessary transmission lines. Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar is a part of this project.
RONGTONG PROJECT WORLD’S HIGHEST HYDRO POWER PROJECT Rongtong project is situated in Kaza in the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh. The project has helped transform the entire cold mountain desert into a lush green belt.
SALAL PROJECT It has been built on River Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The first stage was completed on February 9, 1989 and marked the beginning of the harnessing of hydro power potential of river Chenab. At present the capacity of the powerhouse is 345 MW. With completion of second stage the capacity will double.
SANKOSH HYDEL-POWER PROJECT
India and Bhutan have signed an agreement for building of a gigantic Sankosh hydel power project. It will be one among the ten largest projects in Asia. The project is to be constructed near Kerabari in Gaylegphug district of Bhutan on Sankosh river. It will include a 600 metre-long and 239 metre high dam and a reservoir with a catchment area of 10,525 sq km. It is estimated to cost around Rs 2000 crore. Once completed, the project will generate 1,525 MW of power and help irrigate eight lakh hectares of land.
SANJAY VIDYUT (HYDEL) PROJECT It is Asia’s first fully underground Hydel Project. The 120 MW project is located near Bhaba Nagar in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It harnesses the water of the Bhaba Khud, a tributary of Satluj.
SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT
This is one of the largest river valley schemes in the country. The project envisages construction of 163-metre-high cement concrete dam at Navagam in Gujarat. This will create irrigation potential of 1.79 million hectares and generate 1450 MW of power.
SAWALKOTE HYDRO PROJECT
 The 600 MW project in Jammu & Kashmir is being built by a Norwegian consortium.
SHARAVATI PROJECT (KARNATAKA)
Located about 400 km from Bangalore near the Gersoppa falls, the Sharavati Project is one of the world’s major power projects, built by Indian engineers with American collaboration.
SRISAILARN PROJECT It is a massive power project, 110 km away from Nagarjunasagar in the upper reaches of the river Krishna.
SUBARNAREKHA PROJECT
It is Rs 130-crore multipurpose project which would, when completed, provide assured irrigation to 7,06,000 acres to the chronically drought-prone areas of Orissa and Bihar.
TEHRI DAM PROJECT World’s fifth and Asia’s largest hydro-electric project has been constructed on river Bhagirithi, a tributary of Ganga in Tehri district of Uttaranchal. The height of the earth and rockfill dam is 260.5 m, making it the highest dam in the country. Once fully operational, the project will produce 1000 MW electricity.
TUNGABHADRA PROJECT (ANDHRA AND KARNATAKA)
It is a joint undertaking by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The project comprises a dam across the Tungabhadra river near Mallapuram.
UKAI PROJECT The Ukai power project of Gujarat equipped with power generating sets manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited was inaugurated on October 12, 1977. It has added 540,000 KW of installed capacity to the State’s existing power network.

Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Indian Cities As they are known

SNo As They are Known Place
1 Golden City Amritsar
2 Manchester of India Ahmedabad
3 City of Seven islands Mumbai
4 Queen of Arabian Sea Cochin
5 Space City Bangalore
6 Garden City of India Bangalore
7 Silicon Valley of India Bangalore
8 Electronic city of India Bangalore
9 Pink city Jaipur
10 Gateway of India Mumbai
11 Twin city Hyderabad – Sikandarabad
12 City of festivals Madurai
13 Deccan Queen Pune
14 City of Buildings Kolkata
15 Dakshin Ganga Godavari
16 Old Ganga Godavari
17 Egg bowls of Asia Andhra Pradesh
18 Soya region Madhya Pradesh
19 Manchester of the South Coimbatore
20 City of Nawabs Lucknow
21 Venice of the east Cochin
22 Sorrow of Bengal Damodar river
23 Sorrow of Bihar Kosi river
24 Blue Mountains Nilgiri
25 Queen of the Mountains Mussoorie (Uttaranchal)
26 Sacred river Ganga
27 Hollywood of India Mumbai
28 City of Castles Kolkata
29 State of five rivers Punjab
30 City of weavers Panipat
31 City of lakes Srinagar
32 Steel city of India Jamshedpur (Called Tatanagar)
33 City of temples Varanasi
34 Manchester of the north Kanpur
35 City of Rallies New Delhi
36 Heaven of India Jammu & Kashmir
37 Boston of India Ahmedabad
38 Garden of spices of India Kerala
39 Switzerland of India Kashmir
40 Abode of the God Prayag (Allahabad)
41 Pittsburg of India Jamshedpur

Famous Places in India

Place Location
Ajanta Aurangabad (Maharashtra)
Amarnath Cave Kashmir
Akbar’s Tomb Sikanara, Agra
Amber Palace Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Anand Bhawan Allahabad
Bhakra Dam Punjab
Bibi Da Maqbra Aurangabad
Birla Planetorium Calcutta
Black Pagoda Konark (Orissa)
Bodhisatva Ajanta Caves
Brihadeeswara Temple Tanjavur, Tanjor
Brindaban Gardens Mysore
Buland Darwaza Fatehpur Sikri
Charminar Hyderabad
Cheena Kesava Temple Belur
Chilka Lake East Coast of India near Bhubaneshwar
Dal Lake Srinagar
Dilwara Temple Mt.Abu
Elephanta Caves Bombay
Ellora Caves Aurangabad
Gateway of India Bombay
Golden Temple Amritsar
Gol Gumbaz Bijapur
Hanging Gardens Bombay
Hawa Mahal (Place of winds) Jaipur
Howrah Gridge Calcutta
Island Palace Udaipur
Itmaad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb Agra
Jagannath Temple Puri
Jahaz Mahal Mandu, M.P.(City of Joy)
Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory) Chittorgarh
Jama Masjid Delhi
Jantar Mantar New Delhi
Jog (Gersoppa) Falls Karnataka
Kailasa Temple Ellora
Kanyakumari Temple Kanyakumari
Khajuraho M.P.
Kirti Stambha (Tower of victory) Chittorgarh
Kornark Orissa
Lakshmi Vilas Palace Baroda
Lal Bagh Garden Bangalore
Lalgarh Palace Bikaner
Mahabaleshwar Temple Ujjain (M.P.)
Maheshmuri (Trimurty) Elephanta Caves
Malabar Hill Bombay
Man Mandir Palace Gwalior Fort
Marble Rocks Jabalpur
Marina Beach Madras
Minakshi Temple Madurai
Mt. Girnar(Jain Temple) Junagadh
Nagin Lake Srinagar
Nishat Bagh Srinagar
Padmanabha Temple Trivandrum
Palitana Junagadh
Panch Mahal Fatehpur Sikri
Pichola Lake Udaipur
Prince of Wales Muserm Bombay
Qutab Minar Delhi
Raj Ghat New Delhi
Rashtrapati Bhawan New Delhi
Red Fort Delhi
Sanchi Stupa Sanchi(Bhopal)
Sahar Bombay
Sarnath Temple Varanasi
Sidi Sayyid Mosque Ahmedabad
Shalimar Bagh Srinagar
Shahi Chashma Srinagar
Shanti Vana New Delhi
Shore Temple Mahabalipuram
Somnath Temple Gujarat
Statue of Gomateswars Karnataka
Statue of Ugra Narasimha Hampi
Sunderbans West Bengal
Sun Temple Konark
Taj Mahal Agra
Tripati Temple Andhra Pradesh
Tower of Silence Bombay
Victoria Memorial Calcutta
Victoria Garden Bombay
Vijay Ghat New Delhi

National Parks In India

Name Place State
Bandhavagarh National Park Shahdol Madhya Pradesh
Bandipur National Park Mysore Karnataka
Bannarghata National Park Bangalore Karnataka
Borivili National Park Mumbai Maharashtra
Corbett National Park Garhwal Uttar Pradesh
Dudhewa National Park Lakhimpur Uttar Pradesh
Eravikulan Rajmallay National Park Idduki Kerala
Gir National Park Junagarh Gujarat
Guindy National Park Madras Tamil Nadu
Hazaribagh National Park Hazaribagh Bihar
Kanha National Park Mzandla & Balaghat Madhya Pradesh
Kaziranga National Park Jorhat Assam
Kangchandsenda National Park Gangtok Sikkim
Nagerhole Coorg Karnataka
Nawegaon National Park Bhandara Maharashtra
Pench Nationa Park Nagpur Maharastra
Rohia Naional Park Kullu Himchal Pradesh
Shivpur Naional Park Shivpuri Madhyaradesh
Tadoba Naional Park Chandrapur Maharashtra
Valavadar Naional Park Bhavnagar Gujarat

Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

Name Place State
Chandraprabha Sanctuary Varanasi Uttar Pradesh
Dachigam Sanctuary Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir
Ghana Bird Sanctuary Bharatpur Rajasthan
Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary Belgaum Karnataka
Jaldapara Sanctuary Jalpaiguri West Bengal
Kutree Game Sanctuary Bestar Madhya Pradesh
Manas Tigar Sanctuary Barpeta Assam
Melapattu Bird Sanctuary Nellor Andra Pradesh
Mudumalai Sanctuary Nilgiris Tamil Nadu
Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury Ahmedabad Gujarat
Palamau Tiger Sanctuary Daltonganj Bihar
Periyar Sanctuary Idduki Kerala
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan
Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan
Similipal Tiger Sanctuary Mayurbhanj Orissa
Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Gurgaon Haryana
Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary 24-Parganas West Bengal

Saturday, November 17, 2012

World Capitals

Country Capital
Afganistan Kabul
Albania Tirana
Algeria Algiers
Andorra Luanda
Antigua & Barbuda St. Jon's
Argentina Buenos Aires
Armenia Yarevan
Australia Canberra
Austria Vienna
Azerbaijan Baku
Bahamas Nassau
Bahrain Manama
Bangladesh Dhaka
Barbados Bridgetown
Belarus Minsk
Belgium Brussels
Belize Belmopan
Benin Porto Novo
Bhutan Thimphu
Bolivia Sucre/ La Paz
Bosnia-Herzegovina  Sarajevo (Bosnia)
Botswana Gabarone
Brazil Brasilia
Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria Sofia
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou
Burundi Bujumbura
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Cameroon Yaounde
Canada Ottawa
Cape Verde Praia
Central African Republic Bangui
Chad N'djamena
Chile Santiago
China Beijing
Colombia Bogotá
Comoros Moroni
Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo) Kinshasa
Congo (Republic of Congo) Brazzaville
Costa Rica San Jose
Cote D'ivoire Yamoussoukro
Croatia Zagreb
Cuba Havana
Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus) Nicosia
Northern Cyprus  (Turkish Republic of Cyprus) Nicosia North
Czech Republic Prague
Denmark Copenhagen
Djibouti Djibouti
Dominica Roseau
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
Ecuador Quito
Egypt Cairo
El Salvador San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Eritrea Asmara
Estonia Tallinn
Ethiopia Addis Ababa
Fiji Suva
Finland Helsinki
France Paris
Gabon Libreville
Gambia Banjul
Georgia Tbilisi
Germany Bonn
Ghana Accra
Greece Athens
Granada St. George's
Guatemala Guatemala City
Guinea Conakry
Guinea-Bissau Bissau
Guyana Georgetown
Haiti Port-Au-Prince
Hungary Budapest
Iceland Reykjavik
India New Delhi
Indonesia Jakarta
Iran Tehran
Iraq Baghdad
Ireland Dublin
Israel Jerusalem
Italy Rome
Jamaica Kingston
Japan Tokyo
Jordan Amman
Kazakhstan Astana
Kenya Nairobi
Kiribati Bairiki
Korea, North Pyongyang
Korea, South Seoul
Kuwait Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
Laos Vientiane
Latvia Riga
Lebanon Berut
Lesotho Maseru
Liberia Monrovia
Libya Tripoli
Liechtenstein Vaduz
Lithunia Vilnius
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Macedonia Skopje
Madagascar Antananarivo
Malawi Lilongwe
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
Maldives Male
Mali Bamako
Malta Valletta
Marshall Islands Dalap-Uliga-Darrit
Mauritania Nouakchott
Mauritius Port Louis
Mexico Mexico City
Micronesia Palikir
Moldova Chisinau
Monaco Monaco
Mongolia Ulan Batur
Morrocco Rabat
Mozambique Maputo
Myanmar Yangon
Namibia Windhoek
Nauru Yaren
Nepal Kathmandu
The Netherlands Amsterdam
New Zealand Wellington
Nicaragua Managua
Niger Niamey
Nigeria Abuja
Norway Oslo
Oman Muscat
Pakistan Islamabad
Panama Panama City
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby
Paraguay Asuncion
Peru Lima
The Philippines Manila
Poland Warsaw
Portugal Lisbon
Qatar Doha
Romania Bucharest
Russia Moscow
Rwanda Kigali
St. Kitts and Nevis Basseterre
St. Lucia Castries
St. Vincent and The Grenadines Kingstown
San Marino San Marino
Samoa Apia
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Senegal Dakar
Seychelles Victoria
Sierra Leone Freetown
Singapore Singapore City
Slovakia Bratislava
Slovenia Ljublijana
Solomon Islands Honiara
Somalia Mogadishu
South Africa Pretoria/ Cape Town
Spain Madrid
Sri Lanka Colombo
Sudan Khartoum
Suriname Paramaribo
Swaziland Mbabane
Sweden Stockholm
Switzerland Berne
Syria Damascus
Taiwan Taipei
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Tanzania Dar -E_Salaam
Thailand Bangkok
Togo Lome
Tonga Nuku'alofa
Trinad and Tobago Port-of Spain
Tunisia Tunis
Turky Ankara
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Tuvalu Fongafale
Uganda Kampala
Ukraine Kyiv
United Arab Emirates Abu-Dhabi
United Kingdom London
United States Washington DC
Uruguay Montevideo
Uzbekistan Tashkent
Vanuatu Vila
Vatican City State Vatican City
Venezuela Caracas
Vietnam Hanoi
Yemen Sana'a
Yugoslavia Belgrade
Zambia Lusaka
Zimbabwe Harare

Thursday, November 15, 2012

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

ANTIPODES
A region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.
ANTICYCLONES
Winds which blow outward from the center.
APHELION
Position of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.
ARCHIPELAGO
A cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.
ATOLL
Coral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.
AXIS
An imaginary line joining north and south poles.
AVALANCHE
A vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.
BIOSPHERE
Animate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.
CANYON
A deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.
CONTINENTAL SHELF
Land adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.
CYCLONES
A low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.
CROP ROTATION
Growing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.
DATE LINE
An imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.
DELTA
Alluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.
DEW
Condensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.
DRY FARMING
Growing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.
EQUATOR
An imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.
EQUINOXES
The day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.
EROSION
Wearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.
ECLIPSE
When one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.
FOG
When the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.
FROST
When the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.
HIGH SEAS
The parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.
ICEBERG
Huge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.
ISOBARS
Lines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.
ISOTHERMS
Lines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.
ISTHMUS
Narrow neck of land joining two land areas.
KUNDAN
Anew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.
LAGOON
A shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.
LIGHT YEAR
The distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.
LOCAL TIME
Time calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.
MERIDIAN
Imaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.
MIST
It is just like fog but contain more moisture.
OASIS
A part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.
ORBIT
The path of the heavenly bodies.
PYGMALLION POINT
The southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.
PRAIRIES
Smooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.
REEF
Jutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.
SAVANNA
Land covered with natural grass.
SIDEREAL DAY
Time taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.
SNOW LINE
Altitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.
SPRING TIDES
Higher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.
NEAP TIDES
Tides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.
TORNADO
A brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.
TUNDRAS
Peripheral area of Arctic ocean.
TYCOON
Violent hurricane in China Sea.
WEATHER SATELLITE
Artificial satellite designed to forecast weather.
WESTERLIES
Constant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.