Monday, January 31, 2011

List of space agencies

Country Agency
United States NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
ESA (European Space Agency)
France CNES (French Space Agency)
Japan JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
Russia ROSCOSMOS (Russian Federal Space Agency)
Germany DLR (German Aerospace Center)
China CNSA (China National Space Administration)
India ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)
Italy ASI (Italian Space Agency)
Iran ISA (Iranian Space Agency)
United Kingdom UKSA (UK Space Agency)
Brazil AEB (Brazilian Space Agency)
Canada CSA (Canadian Space Agency)
South Korea KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute)
Ukraine NSAU (National Space Agency of Ukraine)
Belgium BISA (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy)
Spain INTA (Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial)
Sweden SNSB (Swedish National Space Board)
Argentina CONAE (Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales)
Pakistan SUPARCO (Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission)
Netherlands SRON (Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Switzerland SSO (Swiss Space Office)
Mexico AEXA (Mexican Space Agency)



National Institutes of India

Academic Staff College (A. P.)
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany
Bose Institute, Calcutta
Central Coir Research Institute
Central Electronic Enginering Research Institute
Central Food Technological Research Institute
Central Institute for Cotton Research
Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture
Central Institute of Educational Technology
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training (CIFNET}
Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture
Central Institute of Indian Languages
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology
Central Institute of Psychiatry
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT)
Central Leather Research Institute
Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture
Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres
Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT)
Centre for Development Studies
Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
College of Defence Management
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Productivity
Foreign Service Institute
Gandhigram Rural Institute
Harcourt Butler Technological Institute
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)
Indian Diamond Institute
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB)
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment
Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT)
Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM)
Indian Institute of Forestry Research and Education
Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIBR)
Indian Institute of Hotel Management, Goa
Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management, Gwalior
Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bangalore
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIITA)
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Management, Ahamedabad
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB)
Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta (IIMC)
Indian Institute of Management, Indore
Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode (IIMK)
Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow
Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC)
Indian Institute of Packaging
Indian Institute of Petroleum
Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Bangalore
Indian Institute of Pulses Research
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management
Indian Institute of Soil Sciences (M. P.)
Indian Institute of Space Technology
Indian Institute of Spices Research
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management,Gwalior (IITTM)
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR)
Indian Lac Research Institute
Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)
Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (IRIEEN)
Indian School of Mines
Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore
Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta
Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research
Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)
Institute for Studies in Industrial Development
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India CA Results
Institute of Cost And Works Accountants of India
Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses
Institute of Economic Growth
Institute of Food Security
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB)
Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Mumbai
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT)
Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS)
Institute of Mathematical Sciences
Institute of Microbial Technology
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat
Institute of Rural Technology, Gujarat
Institute of Secretarial Training and Management
Institute for Studies in Industrial Development
International Institute for Population Sciences
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER)
Kendriya Hindi Sansthan
Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE)
L.R.S. Institute of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases
Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
National Academy of Construction
National Academy of Customs, Excise and Narcotics (NACEN)
National Academy of Direct Taxes
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)
National Civil Defence College
National Coir Research and Management Institute
National Council of Rural Institutes
National Dairy Research Institute
National Defence College of India
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
National Fire Service College
National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
National Institute of Agriculture Marketing
National Institute of Construction Management and Research
National Institute of Design
National Institute of Disaster Management
National Institute of Education and Research
National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (on DPEP)
National Institute of Fashion Technology
National Institute Homeopathy
National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee
National Institute of Immunology (NII)
National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE)
Indian Institute of Information Tehnology, Allahabad
ndian Institute of Information Technology and Management
National Institute of Mental Health & NeuroSciences (NIMHANS)
National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
National Institute of Ocean Technology
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development
National Institute of Rehabilitation Training And Research
National Institute of Rural Development
National Institute of Science Communication (NISCOM)
National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
National Institute of Science Education and Research
National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies
National Institute of Small Industries Extension Training
National Institute of Social Defence
National Institute of Technology, Calicut
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur
National Institute of Technology, Karnataka
National Institute of Training and Industrial Engineering
National Institute of Urban Affairs
National Institute of Water Sports, Goa
National Museum Institute, New Delhi 110011
National Power Training Institute
National Tuberculosis Institute
Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS), Patiala
North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences
Rajiv Gandhi National institute of Youth Development
Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Small Industry Extension Training (SIET) Institute
Sree Krishna Institute of Public Administration
State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development
Sugarcane Breeding Institute
Tata Institute of Social Sciences
V. V. Giri National Labour Institute
Vivekananda Hill Agricultural Research Institute
Yeshwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration (YASHADA)

Research Institutions in India

Ahmedabad

Allahabad

Bangalore

Barrackpore (W. B.)

  • Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute
  • Bhopal

    Bhubaneswar

    Calcutta

    Chandigarh

    Chennai (Madras)

  • National Centre for Ultrafast Processes
  • National Institute of Ocean Technology
  • SPIC Science Foundation
  • Structural Engineering Research Centre
  • Delhi

    Dehradun

    Dirang (Arunachal Pradesh)

    Durgapur

    Eluru (A. P.)

    Gadanki

    Gandhi Nagar

    Goa

    Hyderabad

    Indore

    Jammu

    Jhansi (U. P)

    Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

    Kanpur

    Kasaragod

    Kharagpur

    Kochi

    Lucknow

    Mathura

    Mumbai (Bombay)

    Palakkad

    Palampur (H.P.)

    Peechi

    Pilani

    Puttur (Karnataka)

    • National Research Centre on Cashew

    Pune

    Roorkie (U. P.)

    Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram)

    Varanasi (U. P.)

  • Indian Institute of Vegetable Research
  • INSTITUTIONS AND CENTRES UNDER ICAR

    Cenral Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair
    Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodpur, Rajasthan
    Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
    Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal
    Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra
    Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan
    Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture,Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
    Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Orissa
    Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra
    Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab
    Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
    Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala.
    Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
    Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute Avikanagar, Rajasthan
    Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
    Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi
    ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela Old, Goa
    Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka
    Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
    Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, Kerala
    Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
    Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
    Indian Institute of Natural Resins & Gums, Namkum, Ranchi
    National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
    Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.

    Bureaus
    National Bureau of Ariimar Genetic Resources, Kamal, Haryana.
    National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi.

    National Research Centres
    National Centre for Agril Economics & Policy Research, New Delhi
    National Research Centre for Banana, Thiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu
    National Research Centre for Cashew, Puttur. Karnataka
    National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan
    National Research Centre for Coldwater Fisheries, Bhimtal, Uttaranchal
    National Research Centre on Equines, Hissar, Haryana
    National Research Centre for Grapes, solapur, Maharashtra
    National Research Centre for Groundnut, Junagadh, Gujarat
    National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi
    National Research Centre for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Boriavi, Gujarat
    National Research Centre for Mushroom, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
    National Research Centre for Oilpalm, Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh
    National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyang, Sikkim
    National Research Centre for Weed Science, Madhya Pradesh

    Thursday, January 27, 2011

    Indian National Symbols

    National Flag:

    The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two to three. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.

    Apart from non-statutory instructions issued by the Government from time to time, display of the National Flag is governed by the provisions of the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No. 12 of 1950) and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971). The Flag Code of India, 2002 is an attempt to bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned.

    The Flag Code of India, 2002, took effect from 26 January 2002 and superseded the 'Flag Code-Indias' as it existed. As per the provisions of the Flag Code of India, 2002, there are no restriction on the display of the National Flag by members of general public, private organisations, educational institutions, etc., except to the extent provided in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 and any other law enacted on the subject.

    State Emblem

    The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. In the original, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma Chakra).

    In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. The wheel appears in relief in the centre of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left. The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.

    National Bird

    The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, the national bird of India, is a colourful, swan-sized bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye and a long, slender neck. The male of the species is more colourful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a spectacular bronze-green tail of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly smaller than the male and lacks the tail. The elaborate courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.

    National Flower:

    Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.

    India is rich in flora. Currently available data place India in the tenth position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. From about 70 per cent geographical area surveyed so far, 47,000 species of plants have been described by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

    National Tree:

    Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis, whose branches root themselves like new trees over a large area. The roots then give rise to more trunks and branches. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India. Even today, the banyan tree is the focal point of village life and the village council meets under the shade of this tree.

    National River

    The Ganga or Ganges is the longest river of India flowing over 2,510 kms of mountains, valleys and plains. It originates in the snowfields of the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas as the Bhagirathi River. It is later joined by other rivers such as the Alaknanda, Yamuna, Son, Gumti, Kosi and Ghagra. The Ganga river basin (External website that opens in a new window) is one of the most fertile and densely populated areas of the world and covers an area of 1,000,000 sq. kms. There are two dams on the river - one at Haridwar and the other at Farakka. The Ganges River Dolphin is an endangered animal that specifically habitats this river.

    The Ganga is revered by Hindus as the most sacred river on earth. Key religious ceremonies are held on the banks of the river at cities such as Varanasi, Haridwar and Allahabad. The Ganga widens out into the Ganges Delta in the Sunderbans swamp of Bangladesh, before it ends its journey by emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

    National Animal

    The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. To check the dwindling population of tigers in India, 'Project Tiger' was launched in April 1973. So far, 27 tiger reserves have been established in the country under this project, covering an area of 37,761 sq km.

    National Aquatic Animal

    River Dolphin is the National Aquatic Animal of India. This mammal is also said to represent the purity of the holy Ganga as it can only survive in pure and fresh water. Platanista gangetica has a long pointed snout and also have visible teeth in both the upper and lower jaws. Their eyes lack a lens and therefore function solely as a means of detecting the direction of light. Dolphins tend to swim with one fin trailing along the substrate while rooting around with their beak to catch shrimp and fish. Dolphins have a fairly thick body with light grey-brown skin often with a hue of pink. The fins are large and the dorsal fin is triangular and undeveloped. This mammal has a forehead that rises steeply and has very small eyes. River Dolphins are solitary creatures and females tend to be larger than males. They are locally known as susu, because of the noise it makes while breathing. This species inhabits parts of the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra rivers in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, and the Karnaphuli River in Bangladesh.

    River dolphin is a critically endangered species in India and therefore, has been included in the Schedule I for the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The main reasons for decline in population of the species are poaching and habitat degradation due to declining flow, heavy siltation, construction of barrages causing physical barrier for this migratory species.

    National Fruit

    A fleshy fruit, eaten ripe or used green for pickles etc., of the tree Mangifera indica, the mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruits of the tropical world. Its juicy fruit is a rich source of Vitamins A, C and D. In India there are over 100 varieties of mangoes, in different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes have been cultivated in India from time immemorial. The poet Kalidasa sang its praises. Alexander savoured its taste, as did the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. Mughal emperor Akbar planted 100,000 mango trees in Darbhanga, Bihar at a place now known as Lakhi Bagh.

    National Game

    India has conquered the podium when it comes to the game of Hockey. Our nation has an excellent record with eight Olympic gold medals. Indian hockey's golden period was from 1928-56, when the Indian hockey team won six successive Olympic gold medals. Team also won the 1975 World Cup besides two more medals (silver and a bronze). The Indian Hockey Federation (External website that opens in a new window) gained global affiliation in 1927 and joined the International Hockey Federation (FIH) (External website that opens in a new window).

    Thus began the history of Indian Hockey Federation as India entered the Olympics to begin its golden saga. The tour was a huge success with India winning 18 out of the 21 matches and the legendary Dhyan Chand was the cynosure of all the eyes scoring over 100 goals of the 192 Indian accounted for. The match began in Amsterdam in 1928 and India went on a winning spree in Los Angeles in 1932 and Berlin in 1936 and thus bagged a hat-trick of gold medals at the Olympics.

    Post Indian Independence; the Indian team achieved another hat-trick of gold medals at the 1948 London Olympics, 1952 Helsinki Games and the Melbourne Olympics.

    During the Golden Era, India played 24 Olympic matches, won all 24, scored 178 goals (at an average of 7.43 goals per match) and conceded only 7 goals. The two other gold medals for India came in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1980 Moscow Olympics.

    Currency Symbol:

    Currency Symbol

    The symbol of Indian Rupee typifies India's international identity for money transactions and economic strength. The Indian Rupee sign is an allegory of Indian ethos. The symbol is an amalgam of Devanagari "Ra" and the Roman Capital "R" with two parallel horizontal stripes running at the top representing the national flag and also the "equal to" sign. The Indian Rupee sign was adopted by the Government of India on 15th July, 2010.

    The symbol, conceptualised and designed by Udaya Kumar, a post graduate in Design from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, has been chosen from thousands of concept entries received by the Ministry of Finance through an open competition among resident Indian nationals. The process of establishing and implementing this new identity is underway through various digital technology and computer applications.

    Recipients of Dadasaheb Phalke Award

    The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is an annual award given by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. It was instituted in 1969, the birth centenary year of Dadasaheb Phalke, considered the father of Indian cinema.

    Following is the list of award winners:

    Name of Awardee Year Occupation/Field
    D. Ramanaidu 2009 Producer
    V. K. Murthy 2008 Cinematographer
    Manna Dey 2007 Playback Singer
    Tapan Sinha 2006 Director
    Shyam Benegal 2005 Director
    Adoor Gopalakrishnan 2004 Director
    Mrinal Sen 2003 Director
    Dev Anand 2002 Actor, Director, Producer
    Yash Chopra 2001 Director, Producer
    Asha Bhosle 2000 Playback Singer
    Hrishikesh Mukherjee 1999 Director
    B.R. Chopra 1998 Director, Producer
    Pradeep 1997 Lyricist
    Sivaji Ganesan 1996 Actor
    Rajkumar 1995 Actor
    Dilip Kumar 1994 Actor
    Majrooh Sultanpuri 1993 Lyricist
    Bhupen Hazarika 1992 Director
    Bhalji Pendharkar 1991 Director, Producer, Screenwriter
    Akkineni Nageswara Rao 1990 Actor
    Lata Mangeshkar 1989 Playback Singer
    Ashok Kumar 1988 Actor
    Raj Kapoor 1987 Actor, Director
    B. Nagi Reddy 1986 Producer
    V. Shantaram 1985 Actor, Director, Producer
    Satyajit Ray 1984 Director
    Durga Khote 1983 Actress
    L. V. Prasad 1982 Actor, Director, Producer
    Naushad Ali 1981 Music Director
    Paidi Jairaj 1980 Actor, Director
    Sohrab Modi 1979 Actor, Director, Producer
    Rai Chand Boral 1978 Music Director, Director
    Nitin Bose 1977 Cinematographer, Director, Screenwriter
    Kanan Devi 1976 Actress
    Dhirendranath Ganguly 1975 Actor, Director
    Bomireddi Narasimha Reddy 1974 Director
    Ruby Myers (Sulochana) 1973 Actress
    Pankaj Mullick 1972 Music Director
    Prithviraj Kapoor 1971 Actor (Posthumous)
    B. N. Sircar 1970 Producer
    Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich 1969 Actress

    Recipients of Jnanpith Award

    The Jnanpith Award is the highest literary award in India. It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of The Times of India newspaper. The Jnanpith Award is given to any Indian writer for his or her outstanding contribution in any of the 18 languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. It is given for outstanding contribution to creative writing in a specified period of 15 years but excluding the five years immediately preceding the year.

    Following is the list of the Jnanpith Awardees, so far:

    Laureates Awarded Year Language
    Akhlaq Khan Shahryar 2008 Urdu
    O. N. V. Kurup 2007 Malayalam
    Satyavrat Shastri 2006 Sanskrit
    Ravindra Kelekar 2006 Konkani
    Kunwar Narain 2005 Hindi
    Rahman Rahi 2004 Kashmiri
    Vinda Karandikar 2003 Marathi
    D. Jayakanthan 2002 Tamil
    Rajendra Shah 2001 Gujarati
    Indira Goswami 2000 Assamese
    Nirmal Verma 1999 Hindi
    Gurdial Singh 1999 Punjabi
    Girish Karnad 1998 Kannada
    Ali Sardar Jafri 1997 Urdu
    Mahasveta Devi 1996 Bangla
    M.T. Vasudevan Nair 1995 Malayalam
    U.R. Anantha Murthy 1994 Kannada
    Sitakant Mahapatra 1993 Oriya
    Naresh Mehta 1992 Hindi
    Subhash Mukhopadhyaya 1991 Bangla
    V.K. Gokak 1990 Kannada
    Qurratulain Hyder 1989 Urdu
    C. Narayana Reddy 1988 Telugu
    V.V.S. ‘Kusumagraj’ 1987 Marathi
    Satchidanand Rautroy 1986 Oriya
    Pannalal Patel 1985 Gujarati
    Thakazhi S. Pillai 1984 Malayalam
    Masti V. Iyengar 1983 Kannada
    Mahadevi Varma 1982 Hindi
    Amrita Pritam 1981 Punjabi
    S.K. Pottekkatt 1980 Malayalam,
    B.K. Bhattacharya 1979 Assamese
    S.H.V. Ajneya 1978 Hindi
    K.S. Karanth 1977 Kannada
    Ashapurna Devi 1976 Bangla
    P.V. Akilandam 1975 Tamil
    V.S. Khandekar 1974 Marathi
    D.R. Bendre 1973 Kannada,
    Gopinath Mohanty 1973 Oriya
    Ramdhari Singh `Dinkar’ 1972 Hindi
    Bishnu Dey 1971 Bangla
    V. Satyanarayana 1970 Telugu
    Firaq Gorakhpuri 1969 Urdu
    Sumitranandan Pant 1968 Hindi
    Uma Shankar Joshi 1967 Gujarati
    K.V. Puttappa 1967 Kannada
    T.S. Bandyopadhyaya 1966 Bangla
    G. Sankara Kurup 1965 Malayalam

    Name of Chief Guests at Republic Day of India

    Chief Guests at Republic Day of India (26th January Parades): Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. Since 1955 parade is being presenting at Rajpath. The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests.

    Following is the list of all Chief guest invited to attend Republic Day of India (26th January) since 1950 to 2011:

    Year Chief Guest Name Country
    1950 President Sukarno Indonesia
    1951

    1952

    1953

    1954 King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Bhutan
    1955 Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad (first guest for parade at Rajpath) Pakistan
    1956

    1957

    1958 Marshall Ye Jianying People’s Republic of China
    1959

    1960 President Kliment Voroshilov Soviet Union
    1961 Queen Elizabeth II United Kingdom
    1962

    1963 King Norodom Sihanouk Cambodia
    1964

    1965 Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid Pakistan
    1966

    1967

    1968 Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin and President Josip Broz Tito Soviet Union Yugoslavia
    1969 Prime Minister of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov Bulgaria
    1970

    1971 President Julius Nyerere Tanzania
    1972 Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Mauritius
    1973 President Mobutu Sese Seko Zaire
    1974 President Josip Broz Tito and Prime Minister Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike Yugoslavia Sri Lanka
    1975 President Kenneth Kaunda Zambia
    1976 Prime Minister Jacques Chirac France
    1977 First Secretary Edward Gierek Poland
    1978 President Patrick Hillery Ireland
    1979 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Australia
    1980 President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing France
    1981 President Jose Lopez Portillo Mexico
    1982 King Juan Carlos I Spain
    1983 President Shehu Shagari Nigeria
    1984 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck Bhutan
    1985 President Raúl Alfonsín Argentina
    1986 Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou Greece
    1987 President Alan Garcia Peru
    1988 President Junius Jayewardene Sri Lanka
    1989 General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh Vietnam
    1990 Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth Mauritius
    1991 President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom Maldives
    1992 President Mário Soares Portugal
    1993 Prime Minister John Major United Kingdom
    1994 Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong Singapore
    1995 President Nelson Mandela South Africa
    1996 President Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso Brazil
    1997 Prime Minister Basdeo Panday Trinidad and Tobago
    1998 President Jacques Chirac France
    1999 King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev Nepal
    2000 President Olusegun Obasanjo Nigeria
    2001 President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Algeria
    2002 President Cassam Uteem Mauritius
    2003 President Mohammed Khatami Iran
    2004 President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Brazil
    2005 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck Bhutan
    2006 King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud Saudi Arabia
    2007 President Vladimir Putin Russia
    2008 President Nicolas Sarkozy France
    2009 President Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan
    2010 President Lee Myung Bak Republic of Korea
    2011 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Indonesia

    Sunday, January 23, 2011

    List of Indian state birds

    This is a list of Indian state (and union territory) birds:

    State Common name Binomial name Image
    Andhra Pradesh Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciasbenghalensis.svg
    Arunachal Pradesh Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerosbicornis.svg
    Assam White-winged Wood Duck Cairina scutulata Malaienente Cairina scutulata 0505053.jpg
    Bihar Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciasbenghalensis.svg
    Chhattisgarh Hill Myna Gracula religiosa
    Goa Black-crested bulbul Pycnonotus gularis Pycnonotus gularis.svg
    Gujarat Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus GreaterFlamingo.svg
    Haryana Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Black Francolin.jpg
    Himachal Pradesh Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus WestTragopan.jpg
    Jammu and Kashmir Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis Grus nigricollis.svg
    Jharkhand Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel (Male) I IMG 8190.jpg
    Karnataka Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciasbenghalensis.svg
    Kerala Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerosbicornis.svg
    Lakshadweep Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscata SootyTern.svg
    Meghalaya Hill Myna Gracula religiosa
    Madhya Pradesh Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi Terpsiphone paradisi.jpg
    Maharashtra Yellow-footed Green Pigeon Treron phoenicoptera Yellow-footed Green-Pigeon (Treron phoenicopterus) male-8.jpg
    Manipur Mrs. Hume's Pheasant Syrmaticus humiae Imgl0019.jpg
    Mizoram Mrs. Hume's Pheasant Syrmaticus humiae Imgl0019.jpg
    Nagaland Blyth's Tragopan Tragopan blythii Tragopan blythii01.jpg
    Orissa Peacock Pavo cristatus IMG 0625.JPG
    Pondicherry Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel (Male) I IMG 8190.jpg
    Punjab Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Accipiter gentilisAAP045CA.jpg
    Rajasthan Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps Gib.svg
    Sikkim Blood Pheasant Ithaginis cruentus BloodPheasantGouldRichter.jpg
    Tamil Nadu Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Chalcophaps indica1.JPG
    Uttarakhand Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus LophophorusImpeyanus.svg
    Uttar Pradesh Sarus Crane Grus antigone Grus antigone.svg
    West Bengal White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis HalcyonSmyrnensisSmall.svg