INDUSTRIES IN INDIA

1	Cotton Textile	Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2	Jute	India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
3	Silk Textile	The location of silk industry is governed by two factors - prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
4	Woollen Textiles	In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
5	Iron and steel	Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6	Aluminium Smelting	Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7	Copper Smelting	In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8	Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry	In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9	Heavy Electrical Equipments	Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
10	Railway Equipments	Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal. Coaches: Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
11	Ship Building	Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12	Cycles	In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
13	Tractors	At Faridabad, Pinjore, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
14	Fertilizers	The location of fertilizer industry is closely related to petro-chemicals. About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizers use naphtha as raw material Naphtha is a by-product of oil refiners. Phosphate plants are dependent on mineral phosphate found in UP and MP. Now natural gas based fertilizer plants are also being set up. The Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCL) was setup up in 1961. National Fertilizer Limited (NFL) was set up in 1974. In Sindri (Bihar), Nangal, Trombay, Gorakhpur, Durgapur, Namrup, Cochin, Rourkela, Neyveli, Varanasi, Vadodara, Vishakhapattnam, Kota and Kanpur
15	Pharmaceuticals and Drugs	Antibiotics are prepared at Pimpri and Rishikesh. The Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited has 5 plants at Hyderabad, Rishikesh, Chennai, Gurgaon and Muzaffarpur. A number of other units are concentrated in Mumbai, Baroda, Delhi, Kolkata and Kanpur.
16	Pesticides	Delhi and Alwaye
17	Sugar Industry	UP, Maharashtra, AP, TN, Karnataka and Bihar
18	Aircraft	Hindustan Aeronautics India Ltd. Was formed by merging two aircraft factories at Bangalore and Kanpur. Four other factories are at Nasik, Hyderabad, Koraput (Orissa), Lucknow
19	Rubber Industry	Bareilly (UP), Baroda (Gujarat) - Synthetic Rubber Units, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Amritsar - Reclaimed Rubber Units

IMPORTANT CROPS INDIA

Rice	West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat	UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize	Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Bajra	Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar	Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
Total Coarse cereals	Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
Total Pulses	MP, UP, Maharashtra
Total foodgrains	UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut	Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed & Mustard	Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean	Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sunflower	Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Total oil seeds	MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane	UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton	Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Jute and Mesta	WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea	Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Coffee	Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber	Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk	Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh.  In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco	Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka

The Industrial Sources of Heavy Metals

Metal                                                  Industry

Chromium (Cr)                                    Mining, industrial coolants, chromium salts manufacturing,  leather tanning

Lead (Pb)                                            lead acid batteries, paints, E-waste, Smelting operations, coal- based thermal power plants, ceramics, bangle industry

Mercury (Hg)                                      Chlor-alkali plants, thermal power plants, fluorescent lamps, hospital waste (damaged thermometers, barometers, sphygmomanometers), electrical appliances etc.

Arsenic (As)                                        Geogenic/natural processes, smelting operations, thermal power plants, fuel burning

Copper (Cu)                                       Mining, electroplating, smelting operations

Vanadium (Va)                                   Spent catalyst, sulphuric acid plant

Nickel (Ni)                                          Smelting operations, thermal power plants, battery industry

Cadmium (Cd)                                    Zinc smelting, waste batteries, e-waste, paint sludge, incinerations & fuel combustion

Molybdenum (Mo)                              Spent catalyst

Zinc (ZN)                                            Smelting, electroplating

Major Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites in India

Chromium	Lead	Mercury	Arsenic	Copper
Ranipet, Tamil Nadu	Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh	Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu	Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu	Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh	Bandalamottu Mines, Andhra Pradesh	Ganjam, Orissa	West Bengal	Singbhum Mines, Jharkhand
Vadodara, Gujarat	Vadodara, Gujarat	Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh	Ballia and other districts, UP*	Malanjkahnd, Madhya Pradesh
Talcher, Orissa	Korba, Chattisgarh

                                               

Data of CPCB show that Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh contribute to 80% of hazardous waste (including heavy metals) in India.

MISS WORLD TITLE WINNERS

Titleholders:

Year	Country/Territory	Miss World	Location	Date
2011	Venezuela	Ivian Sarcos	London, United Kingdom	6 November
2010	USA	Alexandria Mills	Sanya, China	30 October
2009	Gibraltar	Kaiane Aldorino	Johannesburg, South Africa	12 December
2008	Russia	Ksenia Sukhinova	Johannesburg, South Africa	13 December
2007	China	Zhang Zilin	Sanya, China	1 December
2006	Czech Republic	Taťána Kuchařová	Warsaw, Poland	30 September
2005	Iceland	Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir	Sanya, China	10 December
2004	Peru	María Julia Mantilla	Sanya, China	4 December
2003	Ireland	Rosanna Davison	Sanya, China	6 December
2002	Turkey	Azra Akın	London, United Kingdom	7 December
2001	Nigeria	Agbani Darego	Sun City, South Africa	16 November
2000	India	Priyanka Chopra	London, United Kingdom	30 November

BY NUMBER OF WINS:

Country/Territory	Titles	Winning years
Venezuela	6	1955, 1981, 1984, 1991, 1995, 2011
India	5	1966, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000,
United Kingdom		1961, 1964, 1965, 1974(resigned) , 1983
United States	3	1973, 1990, 2010
Iceland		1985, 1988, 2005
Jamaica		1963, 1976, 1993
Sweden		1951, 1952, 1977
Russia	2	1992, 2008
Peru		1967, 2004
Austria		1969, 1987
Germany		1956, 1980 (resigned)
Argentina		1960, 1978
South Africa		1958, 1974 (took over title in November 1974)
Australia		1968, 1972
Netherlands		1959, 1962
Gibraltar	1	2009
China		2007
Czech Republic		2006
Ireland		2003
Turkey		2002
Nigeria		2001
Israel		1998
Greece		1996
Poland		1989
Trinidad & Tobago		1986
Dominican Republic		1982
Guam		1980 (took over title on 28 November 1980)
Bermuda		1979
Puerto Rico		1975
Brazil		1971
Grenada		1970
Finland		1957
Egypt		1954
France		1953

Highest, Biggest, Longest, Largest, Deepest in the World

Airliner, Largest: Boeing 747
Animal, Tallest: Giraffe
Animal, Fastest: The Peregerine Falcon
Archipelago, Largest: Indonesia
Bird, Fastest: Swift
Bird, Largest: Ostrich
Bird, Smallest: Humming Bird   
Bridge, Longest Railway: Huey P. Long Bridge (U.S.A.)
Building, Tallest in Asia: The Connaught Centre in Hong Kong (195 metres tall; has 46 floors)
Building, Highest in the world: Sears Tower in Chicago (440-metre high. It is a 110-storey tower which is nearly 60 metres taller than the Empire State building in New York)
Canal, Longest, small ship: Beloye (White Sea) Baltic Canal (CIS) 226 km long
Canal, Longest, big ship: Suez Canal (U.A.R.) (161 km)
Canalised System, Longest: Volga-Baltic Canal (2960 km)
Capital, Highest: Lhasa (Before domination of Tibet by China) 3684 metres above sea-level
City, Highest: Wenchuan (China) 5,100 metres above sea-level La Paz (capital of Bolivia) stands at an altitude of 3632 metres above sea-level
City, Largest in population: Shanghai  followed by: Tokyo, New York, Beijing, London and Moscow
Conference Hall, World’s Highest: At Nathu-La Pass on Indo-China border in Sikkim
Continent, Largest: Asia
Continent, Smallest: Australia
Coral Formation, Largest: The Great Barrier Reef (North-east coast of Australia)
Country, Largest in Population: China  followed by India
Country, Largest (in area): Russia
Country (with largest electorate): India.
Creature, Largest: Blue Whale is the largest creature in the world today. It can grow up to a weight of 150 tonnes.
Dam, Highest: The Grande (Switzerland)
Day, Longest: June 21 (in Northern Hemisphere)
Day, Shortest: Dec 22 (in Northern Hemisphere)
Delta, Largest: The world’s largest delta is that created by the Ganges and Brahmaputra in  Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.
Desert, Largest  (in the world): Sahara (Africa)
Desert, Largest (in Asia): Gobi (Mongolia)
Diamond, Largest: The Cullinan (over 1½  lb.)
Dome, Largest: “Astrodome” in Housten, Texas (U.S.A.); outside dia: 216 metres and inside 196 metres. (The largest dome in India is Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur) 44 metres in Dia.)
Employer, Largest of India: Indian Railways
Epic, Longest: Mahabharata
Forest, Largest: Coniferous forest of Northern Russia
Gulf, Largest: Gulf of Mexico
Highest Motorable Road: Khardungla-Leh-Manali sector 5682 Mt
Highest Non-military Airport: Leh 3256 Mt
Island, Largest: Greenland
Islands, Largest (Group of): Malaya Archipelago
Lake, Largest Artificial: Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
Lake, Deepest: Baikal (Siberia); average depth 701 metres
Lake, Highest: Titicaca (Bolivia) 3854 metres above sea level
Lake, Largest Fresh Water: Superior (50,200 sq km)
Lake, Largest Salt Water: Caspian Sea (26 metres below sea-level)
Largest Crater of India: The Lonar in Vidharba region of Maharashtra
Largest Inland Waterway of India: Kerala
Largest Barrage of India: Farakka 224 mt
Largest Stadium of India: Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata, 1,20,00 capacity
Largest Tribe of India: Gond
Largest Library of India: National Library Kolkata
Largest Exhibition Ground  of India: Pragati Maidan, New Delhi 150 Acres
Largest Ocean Island of India: Middle Andaman
Largest River Basin of India: Ganga Basin
Largest Estuary: at the mouth of the river Hooghly
Library, Largest: United States Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (more than 59,000,000 items).
Longest Ropeway in India: connecting Joshimath in Uttranchal 4.15 km long
Longest Train in India: Prayag Express running between Delhi and Allahabad (24 bogies)
Longest Road Tunnel in India: Chiplin—Koya Nagar, Maharashtra 1 km long
Longest National Highway of India: NH-7, 2369 km
Longest Cave of India: Krem um Kwan Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya
Mountain Peak, Highest in the world: Everest (Nepal)
Mountain Peak, Highest in India: Godwin Austen (8,611 m)
Mountain Peak, Highest in Africa: Kilimanjaro (5,888 m)
Mountain Peak, Highest in Europe: Elbruz (5,633 m )
Mountain Range, Highest: Himalayas
Mountain Range, Longest: Andes (S. America), 8,800 km in length
Museum, Largest: American Museum of Natural History, New York city. It comprises 19 inter-connected buildings with 23 acres of floor space.
Nuclear Reactor, Biggest: France
Ocean, Deepest and Biggest: The Pacific
Palace, Biggest: Vatican
Park, Largest: Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta Canada. Area : 28260 sq km.
Peninsula, Largest: Arabia
Pilot, Youngest of India: Capt Nivedita Bhasin, at age 26 in 1990 became youngest pilot to command a jet aircraft
Place, Coldest: Verkhoyansk (Russia); Temperature 85° below zero
Place, Dryest: Death Valley (California); rainfall 1.5 inch
Place, Hottest: Azizia (Libya, Africa 58°C (136°F)
Place, Rainiest: Cheerapunji (Meghalaya, India)
Planet, Biggest: Jupiter
Planet, Brightest: Venus
Planet, Farthest (from the sun): Pluto
Planet, Nearest (to the sun): Mercury
Planet, Smallest: Mercury
Planetarium, biggest: Tsukuba, Japan
Plateau, Highest: Pamir (Tibet)
Platform, Longest: Kharagpur platform in West Bengal (India)
Railway, Longest: Trans-Siberian Railway (9,600 km long)
Railway Station, Largest: Grand Central Terminal, New York City, covers 48 acres. On an average more than 550 trains and 180,000 people per day use it.
River, Longest: Nile (6,679 km)
Sea-bird, Largest: Albatross
Sea, Largest: South China Sea
Star, Brightest: Sirius (also called Dog Star)
Statue, Tallest : “Motherland” an enormous female figure on Mamayev Hill, outside Volgagrad (Russia).
Swimming Course, Longest recognised: English Channel
Tallest TV Tower of India: Rameshwaram, T.N. 1000 feet
Telescope, Largest Radio: The world’s largest and most sensitive radio telescope, Y-shaped with each arm 21 km long with 27 mobile antennae on rails, built in New Mexico (USA).
Telescope, Largest Solar: Kit Peak National Observatory, Arizona USA
Telescope, Largest Reflector: Mount Semirodriki, in the Caucasus  (CIS)
Telescope, Largest Refractor: Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin (USA)
Tunnel, Longest Railway: Secken Tunnel (Japan)
Tunnel, Longest Road: St Gothard tunnel in Switzerland (16.32 km)
Village, Highest: Andean (Chile) 5334 metres above sea-level
Volcano, Highest: Cotopaxi (Andes, Ecuador)
Volcano, Largest: Mauna Lea (Hawaii); crater
Wall, Longest: Great Wall of China (2400 km)
Water Falls, Greatest in the world: Victoria Falls on river Zambesi (Zambia) 1700 metres wide
Waterfall, Highest: Angel (Venezuela)
Water, Lowest body of: Dead Sea

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
(1) The Pyramids of Egypt; (2) the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; (3) the temple of Artemis at Ephesus; (4) the statue of Zeus at Olympia; (5) the mausoleum at Halicarnassus; (6) the Colossus of Rhodes; (7) The Pharos (Lighthouse) at Alexandria.

Seven Wonders of the Mediaeval World
The Colosseum of Rome; (2) the Great Wall of China; (3) the Procelain Tower of Nanking; (4) the Mosque at St Sophia (Constantinople); (5) the Stonehenge of England; (6) the Catacombs of Alexandria; (7) the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

GEOGRAPHICAL SURNAMES

1. Blue Mountains = Nilgiri Hills
2. Bengal's Sorrow = Damodar river
3. City of Palaces = Kolkota
4. China's Sorrow = Hwang Ho
5. City of Seven Hills = Rome
6. City of Skyscrapers = New York
7. Cockpit of Europe = Belgium
8. Dark Continent = Africa
9. Empire city = New York
10. Emerald Island = Ireland
11. Gift of Nile = Egypt
12. Gateway of India = Bombay
13. Granite city = Aberdeen ( Scotland )
14. Holy land = Jerusaleum
15. Island of Cloves = Zanzibar
16. Land of Midnight Sun = Norway
17. Land of Rising Sun = Japan
18. Land of Thousand Lakes = Finland
19. Land of Golden Pagoda = Burma
20. Land of Morning Calm = Korea
21. Land of Maple Leaf = Canada
22. Land of Thousand Elephants = Laos
23. Land of White Elephants = Thailand
24. Land of Five Rivers = Punjab
25. Land of Thunderbolt = Bhutan
26. PlayGround of Europe = Switzerland
27. Rose Pink City = Jaipur
28. Roof of World = The Pamirs in Central Asia
29. Sugar Bowl of World = Cuba
30. Yellow River = Hawang-Ho ( China )