Countries by exports per capita

Rank	Country / Entity	Exports per capita, US$
1	Hong Kong	45,574
2	Singapore	45,302
3	United Arab Emirates	37,200
4	Netherlands	32,817
5	Norway	24,564
6	Ireland	24,000
7	Belgium	23,485
8	Switzerland	22,230
9	Iceland	21,500
10	Denmark	19,893
11	Slovenia	16,640
12	Austria	16,300
13	Puerto Rico	16,257
14	Kuwait	16,230
15	Slovakia	14,570
16	Germany	14,169
17	Sweden	13,924
18	Trinidad and Tobago	12,700
19	Oman	11,700
20	Finland	10,766
21	Czech Republic	10,700
22	Libya	10,100
23	Estonia	9,820
24	Canada	9,430
25	Republic of China (Taiwan)	8,800
26	Hungary	7,860
27	South Korea	7,700
28	Lithuania	7,250
29	France	7,200
30	Israel	7,060
31	Saudi Arabia	6,965
32	Italy	6,825
33	Australia	6,800
34	New Zealand	6,725
35	Gabon	6,500
36	United Kingdom	5,780
37	Malaysia	5,560
38	Kazakhstan	5,556
39	Portugal	5,450
40	Spain	4,750
41	Japan	4,250
42	Chile	4,000
43	Angola	3,800
44	Latvia	3,750
45	Poland	3,500
46	United States	3,375
47	Belarus	3,350
48	Panama	3,120
49	Bulgaria	2,960
	European Union	2,880
50	Botswana	2,850
51	Romania	2,800
52	Croatia	2,800
53	Greece	2,425
54	Thailand	2,266
55	Russia	2,150
55	Macedonia	2,150
57	Costa Rica	2,125
58	Algeria	2,100
59	Mexico	2,000
60	Turkmenistan	1,900
61	Tunisia	1,900
62	Mauritius	1,850
63	Argentina	1,825
64	Venezuela	1,800
65	Uruguay	1,800
66	Serbia	1,650
67	Turkey	1,530
68	Swaziland	1,500
69	Ukraine	1,400
70	South Africa	1,360
71	Namibia	1,350
72	Jordan	1,008
73	Iran	934
74	Azerbaijan	727
75	Philippines	704
76	Bosnia and Herzegovina	691
77	Dominican Republic	654
78	Ecuador	636
79	Iraq	617
80	Jamaica	601
81	People's Republic of China	572
82	Peru	570
83	El Salvador	521
84	Paraguay	508
85	Colombia	506
86	Lebanon	498
87	Brazil	497
88	Papua New Guinea	481
89	Nigeria	397
90	Indonesia	375
91	Morocco	373
92	Vietnam	372
93	Côte d'Ivoire	357
94	Lesotho	336
95	Syria	333
96	Mongolia	322
97	Georgia (country)	313
98	Guatemala	313
99	Sri Lanka	311
100	Chad	309
101	Yemen	305
102	Nicaragua	282
103	Liberia	277
104	Armenia	265
105	Bolivia	258
106	Mauritania	255
107	Moldova	247
108	Honduras	240
109	Albania	227
110	Cuba	212
111	Uzbekistan	202
112	Cameroon	198
113	Egypt	194
114	Sudan	193
115	Cambodia	189
116	Zambia	167
117	Palestine	146
118	Tajikistan	146
119	Kyrgyzstan	144
120	Ghana	132
121	Senegal	131
122	Zimbabwe	126
123	Togo	125
124	Benin	98
125	Pakistan	94
126	Kenya	93
127	Gambia	92
128	Mozambique	85
129	Bhutan	71
130	India	69
131	Bangladesh	66
132	Guinea	65
133	Laos	64
134	North Korea	57
135	Madagascar	51
136	Myanmar	50
137	Haiti	46
138	Tanzania	41
139	Sierra Leone	33
140	Central African Republic	32
141	Burkina Faso	30
142	Somalia	29
143	Malawi	28
144	Uganda	27
145	Mali	24
146	Nepal	23
147	Democratic Republic of the Congo	19
148	Niger	16
149	Afghanistan	16
150	Rwanda	11
151	Ethiopia	8
152	Eritrea	8
153	Burundi	7
154	Nauru	5

List of Presidents of India (1947-Till Date)

1.Rajendra Prasad
26-Jan-1950  -13-May-1962  
Political party : Indian National Congress

Prasad was the first President of independent India. He was also an independence activist of the Indian Independence Movement. Prasad was the only president to serve for two terms in office.

2.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
13-May-1962   - 13-May-1967   
Political party : Independent  
Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a Knight of the Realm and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University. Hewas also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI.

3.Zakir Hussain
13-May-1967 - 3-May-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Hussain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna. He died before his term of office was ended.

Varahagiri Venkata Giri *
3-May-1969  - 20-Jul-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain. He resigned in a few months to take partin the presidential elections.

Muhammad Hidayatullah *
20-Jul-1969  - 24-Aug-1969   
Political party : Independent  
Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire. He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India.

4.Varahagiri Venkata Giri
24-Aug-1969   - 24-Aug-1974  
Political party : Independent   
Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient ofthe Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

5.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
24-Aug-1974 - 11-Feb-1977   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have diedduring a term of office.

Basappa Danappa Jatti *
11-Feb-1977   - 25-Jul-1977   
Political party : Independent  
Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.

6.Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
25-Jul-1977 - 25-Jul-1982   
Political party : Janata Party  
Reddy was the only Member ofParliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh. He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President ofIndia.

7.Giani Zail Singh
25-Jul-1982    - 25-Jul-1987   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.

8.Ramaswamy Venkataraman
25-Jul-1987  - 25-Jul-1992  
Political party : Indian National Congress  
In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the India's independence movement.After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joinedthe central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.

9.Shankar Dayal Sharma
25-Jul-1992 - 25-Jul-1997   
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Sharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra.

10.Kocheril Raman Narayanan
25-Jul-1997- 25-Jul-2002   
Political party : Independent  
Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities. He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University.

11.A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
25-Jul-2002 -25-Jul-2007   
Political party : Independent  
Kalam was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. Kalam also received the Bharat Ratna.

12.Pratibha Patil
25-Jul-2007
Political party : Indian National Congress  
Patil was the first woman to become President of India. She was also the first female Governor

13.Pranab Mukherjee
25th-July 2012

Political party : Indian National Congress 
Mukherjee was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress until he resigned from political office preceding his election as President on 22 July 2012. He took office as the 13th President of India on 25 July 2012.Mukherjee has received several accolades and honors. In 1984, he was rated as the best Finance Minister in the World according to a survey of Euromoney magazine.

Census Facts 2011

• Thane district of Maharashtra is the most populated district of India.
• Dibang Valley of Arunachal Pradesh is the least populated.
• Kurung Kumey of Arunachal Pradesh registered highest population growthrate of 111.01 percent.
• Longleng district of Nagaland registered negative population growth rate of (-)58.39.
• Mahe district of Puducherry has highest sex ratio of 1176 females per 1000 males.
• Daman district has lowest sex ratio of 533 females per 1000 males.
• Serchhip district of Mizoram has highest literacy rate of 98.76 percent.
• Alirajpur of MP is the least literate district of India with figure of 37.22 percent only.
• North East Delhi has the higest density with figure of 37346 person per square kilometer.
• Dibang Valley has the least density of 1 person per sq. km.

Literacy Rate in India (As per 2011 Census)

Literacy Rate In Indian State: Census 2011

Rank	State	Literacy rate (2011 Census)	Literacy rate-Male (2011 Census)	Literacy rate-Female (2011 Census)
1	Andaman & Nicobar Islands	86.3%	90.1%	81.8%
2	Andhra Pradesh	67.7%	75.6%	59.7%
3	Arunachal Pradesh	67.0%	73.7%	59.6%
4	Assam	73.2%	78.8%	67.3%
5	Bihar	63.8%	73.5%	53.3%
6	Chandigarh	86.4%	90.5%	81.4%
7	Chattisgarh	71.0%	81.5%	60.6%
8	Dadra & Nagar Haveli	77.7%	86.5%	65.9%
9	Daman & Diu	87.1%	91.5%	79.6%
10	Delhi	86.3%	91.0%	80.9%
11	Goa	87.4%	92.8%	81.8%
12	Gujarat	79.3%	87.2%	70.7%
13	Haryana	76.6%	85.4%	66.8%
14	Himachal Pradesh	83.8%	90.8%	76.6%
15	Jammu and Kashmir	68.7%	78.3%	58.0%
16	Jharkhand	67.6%	78.5%	56.2%
17	Karnataka	75.6%	82.8%	68.1%
18	Kerala	93.9%	96.0%	92.0%
19	Lakshadweep	92.3%	96.1%	88.2%
20	Madhya Pradesh	70.6%	80.5%	60.0%
21	Maharashtra	82.9%	89.8%	75.5%
22	Manipur	79.8%	86.5%	73.2%
23	Meghalaya	75.5%	77.2%	73.8%
24	Mizoram	91.6%	93.7%	89.4%
25	Nagaland	80.1%	83.3%	76.7%
26	Orissa	73.5%	82.4%	64.4%
27	Puducherry	86.5%	92.1%	81.2%
28	Punjab	76.7%	81.5%	71.3%
29	Rajasthan	67.1%	80.5%	52.7%
30	Sikkim	82.2%	87.3%	76.4%
31	Tamil Nadu	80.3%	86.8%	73.9%
32	Tripura	87.8%	92.2%	83.1%
33	Uttar Pradesh	69.7%	79.2%	59.3%
34	Uttarakhand	79.6%	88.3%	70.7%
35	West Bengal	77.1%	82.7%	71.2%
-	Whole INDIA	74.04%	82.14%	65.46%

Banking Programmes And Schemes

Banking Programmes And Schemes:

S.No.	Banking Programmes and Schemes	Year of Beginning	Objective/Description
1	Credit Authorization Scheme (CAS)	1965	A scheme of Qualitative Credit Control of Researve Bank
2	Scheme of Discriminatory Interest Rate	1972	To provide loan to the weaker sections of the societyat a concessional interest rate of 4%.
3	Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India	1985	To provide financial assistance to sick and closed industrial units for their reconstruction.
4	Formation of Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI)	1988	To safeguard the interest of investors in capital market and to regulate share market.
5	National Renewal Fund (NRF)	1992	To protect the interest of the employees of Public Sector.
6	Group Life Insurance Scheme in Rural Areas	1995	To provide insurance facilities to rural people on lower premium.
7	Social Security Pilot Scheme	2004	Scheme for labors of unorganized sector for providing family pension, insurance and medical.

Various Govt. Programmes

(1) Prerna:- The ‘janasankhya sthirata kosh (national population stabilization fund) has to promote & undertake activities aimed at achieving population stabilization at a level consistent with the needs of sustainable economic growth. Social development and environmental protection by 2045.

   • Prerna is a responsible for parenthood strategy. It is a monetary incentive strategy aimed at pushing up the age of marriage of girls and delay the birth of the first child.

(2) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM):-Launched in April 2005 the mission seeks to provide universal access to equitable, affordable and quality health care which is accountable and at the same time responsible to the needs of the people.

   • It also aims to achieve the goals set out under the national policy and the millennium development goals during the mission period.

(3) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna:-Launched by ministry of labour & employment, govt of India to provide health insurance coverage for BPL (Below Poverty Level)  families.

   • Beneficiaries are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs 30,000 for most of the disease that require hospitalization.

(4) National Food Security Mission:-Sponsored scheme launched in august 2007.

   • Objective is to increased production and productivity of wheat, rice and pulses.

(5) 15 Point Programme:-In Oct 2009 govt decided to include 3 more schemes in the Prime minister’s new 15 point programme for the welfare of minorities.

Those are: -

   • National rural drinking water programme.

   • Urban infrastructure developed scheme for small and medium town.

   • Urban infrastructure and governance scheme.

(6) Bharat Nirman Yojna:- It is a time bound business plan for action in rural in infrastructure .Under Bharat nirman , action was proposed in the areas of:-
   I. Irrigation.
   II. Rural housing.
   III. Rural water supply.
   IV. Rural electrification.
   V. Rural telecommunication connectivity.

(7) National Mission On Education:-It is a mission in which education is provided through information and communication technology. “SAKSHAT” one stop education portal was launched on Oct 30 2006 by the president of India.
   • Head of National knowledge commission:-Sam Pitroda

(8)Right To Education Act 2009:- Article 21-(A), as inserted by the constitution (86th Amendment Act) 2002, provides for free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years as a fundamental rights. Consequently the parliament has enacted this in April 2009.
Salient features:-
   (a) Free and compulsory education 6 to 14 age group.
   (b) Will apply to all India except J&K.
  (c) Provide for 25% reservation for economically disadvantaged communities in admission in private school.
   (d) A child who completes elementary education (up to class 8) shall be awarded a certificate.

(9) Female Literacy:-It is a scheme to provide education & related facilities to ST Students launched by ministry of tribal affairs in Dec 11, 2009.

(10) Anil Kalkaska Committee on reforms in IITs:-it will suggest reforms to make these elite institutions a global brand.

(11) Yashpal Committee Report:- It was set up in 2008 for higher education and research.
   • It has suggested the scrapping of all higher education regulatory/monitoring bodies and creation of a super regulation.
    • It also recommended that the deemed university status be abandoned and that all deserving universities either converted into full fledged universities or scrapped.

(12) National Rural Livelihood Mission:-Ministry of rural development and panchyati raj proposed to restructure the existing swarnjayanti gram swarojgar yojna into rural livelihood mission to have a focused approach to rural poverty eradication in a time bound manner.
    • Objective is to reduce poverty among rural BPL by promoting diversified and gainful self employment and wage employment opportunities which would lead to an appreciable increase in sustainable basis.

(13) NREGA Renamed After Mahatma Gandhi:- On Oct 2, 2009. New name MGNREGA.

(14) Chandra Sheker Panel:- on the recomandation of a committee headed by cabinet secretary K.M Chander shaker. Centre had increased the pension for retired service man.

(15) Rajiv Awas Yojna:-Ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation had launched the housing project called the Rajiv awas yojna for slum dwellers and the urban poor.
    • Aimed at making India slum free in the next five years.

(16) Government Gave 50% Women’s Quota: - For women in urban local bodies from 33 % to 50 % by the 108th const. amendment act.

(17) B.K Chaturvedi panel is formed to resolve the inter ministrial issues to speed up the ambitious national highways development project taken up by the road transport and highway ministry.

(18) Librahan Commission:- It was set up in dec 16 ,1992 by the Narashima Rao govt. to probe the demolition of Babri Mosque.The commission was initially asked to give a report in three months, however it could do so only after over 16 years that saw 39 sitting and 48 extensions, finally on June 30 2009 it gave the report.

(19) S.D. Tendulkar Committee:-It is to estimate poverty in the country. It’s said that about 38% of the country’s population are living below poverty line. This figure is 10% higher than the present poverty estimate of 28.5 % by the planning commission.

(20) Moily Panel:- For administrative reform commission it is the 2nd administrative reform commission.

(21) Unique Identification Authority:- Chairman of UID is Nandan Nilekani. He revealed that the first set of 16 digit unique identification number for citizen of the country will roll out by the end of 2010.
    • The UIAI is a part of the planning mission of India.
    • AADHAR:-UIDAI now new name AADHAR and also a logo.
   • AADHAR or foundation through through which the citizen can claim his/her rights and establishment when assumed of equal opportunities as symbolized by the logo which has the halo of the sun in the imprint of a thumbs.

(22)  M.S swami Nathan Panel :- It’s recommendation is on coastal management zone.

(23) G.T Nanavati-Akshay Mehta judical commission:- Probing the Godhra train carnage and post Godhra riots.

(24) Justice B.N Srikrishna is the head of the committee on Telangana issue.

(25) Census 2011:-15th national census of India. President being first person to share her details. First census was conducted in 1872.


(26) D.P Wadhawa Committee On PDS:-Established by the Supreme Court to give recommendation on the reform of public distribution system.

(27) Rajiv Gandhi Grammeen LPG Vitarak Yojna:- Union petroleum and natural gas ministry inaugurated this scheme for providing liquefied petroleum gas to the rural house hold at Lachhman ghar in sikar district of Rajasthan .
• Under the scheme it is proposed to increase the number of connection to 16 crores with coverage of 75% of population by 2015.

(28) Punchhi Commission:-Commission on centre state relation. It was constituted in April 2007. It was asked to make recommendation to help address the emerging challenges faced by the nation regarding centre state relation. Before this in mid 1980’s the SARKARI commission had undertaken a comprehensive review of the center state relation.

(29) National Integration Council:-The Govt. has reconstituted it which will be chaired by prime minister. Set up in the early 60’s by Nehru.

(30) E.R Rammohan Committee on Dantewada Massacre of CRPF personal.

(31) ICDS:-Integrated child development service launched on 2nd Oct 1975.
   • It is the world largest programme for early child hood.
   • The objective is to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years.

(33) Green India Mission:- Ministry of environment and forests and the defense research and development organization have launched the mission.
   • The aim is to bring a million heacter of high altitude, cold desert ecosystem under cultivation by 2020.

(34) Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojna:- It was launched in Rajasthan Sriganga nagar district.

   • Aim at integrated development of 1,000 villages where a majority of the population belongs to the schedule caste.
    • It is a replica of U.P’s Ambedkar village scheme.

(35) Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission:- Objective -Generation of 20000 mw of solar energy in three phases by 2022.
    • Under this govt. aims to add at least 1000 mw solar power by the end of 2013.
    • Power Finance Corporation and the Rural Electrification Corporation had agreed to provide financial assistance.

(36) Certified command of state centre force in Chattisgrah, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bengal was mooted to counter naxal problem. Under this a IG rank officer or a retired major general on board should be headed the certified command. In this:-
   • Additional helicopters should be provided.
   • 400 new police stations should be opened.
   • 34 new battalions should be constituted.

(37) S. Irani committee:- Rajasthan Govt appointed this committee regarding the Issue of providing reservation to Gujjars.

(38) Pradhan committee:-
   • Investigate Nov 26 2008 terror attack.

(39) Muzzafar Jan Commission:-
This committee had probed the gang rape of 17 years old Asiya and pregnant Neelofar in Shopiaon (J&K).

(40) Kasturi Rangan Committee:- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has set up this committee. To see the capability of the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) to build civil aircraft.

(41) Goverdhan Mehta Committee:-To review the procedure of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.

(42) National Advisory Council:-
   • A consultative body, chaired by Sonia Gandhi.
   • To serve as an interface between govt. and civil society.

Various Buildings

Adoble	A house made from sun-dried bricks of clay and straw - usually built in warm, dry climates like the south western U.S.
Apartment	A set of rooms in a building which usually contains other similar sets of rooms.
Barracks	A building or set of buildings used to house soldiers.
Boardinghouse	A house in which rooms are rented and meals are served in a common dining room.
Bungalow	A small house with a low,wide roof and a porch. It is usually one story high.
Chalet	A mountain house with a wide,overhanging roof and posts and beams. The style originated in Switzerland.
Chateau	A home for nuns.
Cottage	A small country home or summer house used for vacations.
Duplex Apartment	An apartment with two floors of living space.
Duplex House	A house divided into two living units.
Estate	A large country house with seperate buildings on a large tract of land.
Farmhouse	Thie dwelling for people who live and work on a farm raising animals or crops.
Flat	An apartment on one floor of a building.
Geodesic Dome	A large, flat-bottom boat used as a home.
Hogan	A building made of logs and mud, used by the Navaho Indians.
Igloo	A house built by Eskimos of blocks of ice. The name means "hot house".
Jacal	A thatched hut made of intertwined branches and mud, built in Mexico.
Konah	A large home in Turkey.
Lodge	A house usually located in a remote place and used for hunting or skiing.
Loft	An apartment in a warehouse or business building.
Log Cabin	A small house made of unhewn timber.
Manse	In Scotland, a house in which a minister lives.
Mobile Home	A trailor used as a permanent home and made without a permanent foundation.
Nissen Hut	A premade shelter with a semicircular arching roof of corrugated iron, and containing a cement floor.
Octagon House	A house with eight sides.
Palace	A large, grand building in which royally live.
Penthouse	A large apartment located at the top of building.
Quonest Hut	A premade, portable circular hut made of metal and used by the U.S. Army.
Rectory	The house in which a Roman Catholic priest or Episcopal cergyman lives.
Shanty	A shack.
Sod House	A house made of bricks of sod, which is earth with grass and its roots. In the 19th century, these were built on the American prairie where there were no trees. Just grassy land.
Studio Apartment	A one-room apartment with a kitchen and bathroom.
Tent	A portable house made of skins, Canvas, or nylon.
Tepee, Tipi	A cone-shaped portable home made of buffalo skins and tree saplings, used by the American Indians of the Great Plains.
Tenement`	A rundown, low-rent apartment building.
Underground House	An earth shelter built below the ground. The earth keeps the house warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
Villa	A large country or resort home.
Wigwarm	A hut with a frame made of poles and covered iwht bark,rush mats, or hides, used by American Indians.
Yurt	A circular, portable, hut used as a home by asian shepherds. It is similar to the American wigwarm.
Zareba	An African fort made of thorny bushes.

Parliaments

No.	Country	Name of Parliament
01	Bangladesh	Jatiyo Sangsad
02	Britain	Parliament (House of Commons is the Lower House and House of lords is the Upper house)
03	West Germany	Lower House-Bundesrat,Upper House-Bundestag
04	India	Parliament (Lok Sabha is the Lower house & Rajya Sabha is the Upper House)
05	Iran	Majlis
06	Israel	Kneeset
07	Japan	Diet
08	Nepal	Panchayat
09	Sweden	Riksdag
10	U.S.A.	Congress (Lower House-house of Representatives & Upper house-Senate)
11	U.S.S.R.	Supreme Soviet
12	China	National Peoples,Congress
13	Denmark	Folketing
14	Holland	States,General
15	Pakistan	Parliament(National Assembly and Senate)
16	Australia	Parliament
17	Malaysia	Dewan Rakyat(Upper),Dewan Nagara (Lower)
18	Mongolia	Khurat
19	New Zealand	House of Representatives
20	Norway	Storting
21	Poland	Sejin
22	Romania	Grand National Assembly
23	South Africa	House of Assembly
24	Spain	Crotes
25	Sweden	Riksdag
26	Switzerland	Federal Assembly
27	Canada	Parliament (Lower House:House of Commons, Upper House:Senate)
28	Ireland	Althing

VARIOUS COMMITTEES

Butler Committee - Relation between Indian states & paramount power
Hurtog Committee - Growth of British India education-its effects
Muddiman Committee - Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms
Malhotra Committee - Insurance Reforms
Janaki Ram Committee - Security Scam
Ajay Vikram Singh Committee - Faster promotions in Army
Rajinder Sachar Committee 1 - Companies and MRPT Act
Rajindar Sachar Committee 2 - Report on the social, economic and educational status of the Muslims of India.
Jyoti Basu Committee - Report on Octroi abolition.
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee - Recommendations on decentralization system
Sawant Committee - Enquiry on corruption, charges against ministers & Anna Hazare
Chelliah Committee - Eradicating black money
Wanchoo Committee - Tax enquiry
Bhanu Pratap Singh Committee – Agriculture
Agarwal Committee - Nepotism in granting petrol pump, LPG connections
Rangarajan Committee - Reforms in private sector
Naresh Chandra Committee - Corporate governance
Chakravarti Committee - Banking sector reforms
Rekhi Committee - Structure of indirect taxation
G.V.Ramakrishna Committee - Disinvestment in PSU shares
Kelkar Committee 1 - First committee on backward castes
P.C.Hotha Committee - Restructuring of civil services
Justice B.N.Kirpal Committee - 1st chairman National Forest Commission
Godbole Committee - Enron Power Project
J.C.Kumarappa Committee - Congress agrarian Reforms Committee
Swaminathan Committee - Population policy
Rangaraju Committee – Statistics
Wardha Committee - Inquiry on murder of Graham Staines
Vohra Committee - Criminalization of politics
Kelkar Committee 2 - Direct-Indirect Taxes
Alagh Committee - Civil Service Examinations
Abid Hussain Committee - Recommendations on Small scale industries
Narasimham Committee - Banking sector reforms
Chelliah Committee - Tax reforms
Mashelkar Committee - National Auto Fuel Policy
Boothalingam Committee - Recommendations on integrated wages, income and price policy.
Omkar Goswami Committee Industrial sickness
Yashpal Committee - Review of School Education system
Ram Nandan Prasad Committee - Constitution of creamy layers among Backward Castes.
Kelkar Committee 3 - Enquiry on Kargil defense deals.
Saharya Committee - Tehelka tapes

VARIOUS COMMISSIONS

U.C.Benerjee Commission - Enquiry into Godhra carnage (Railways)

Nanavati-Shah - commission Posy Godhra riots

Palekar Tribunal - Journalist pay reforms

Hunter Commission - Jallianwalabagh massacre

Nanavati Commission - 1984 Sikh riots

Mukherjee Commission - Death/Disappearance of Subhash Chandra Bose

Librehan Commission - Babri Masjid demolition case

Sarkaria Commission - Centre-State relations

Sri Krishna Commission - 1992 Bombay riots

Thakkar Commission - Indira Gandhi assassination case

Phukhan Commission - Tehelka tapes

Malimath Commission - Criminal Justice

Upendra Commission - Inquiry on rape and murder Thangjem Manorama Devi

G.C.Garg Commission - Train accident near Khanna, Punjab

Mandal Commission - Reservation of seats for Backward castes

Kothari Commission - Educational reforms

UNO International Years

2014
International Year of Crystallography
International Year of Family Farming
2013
International Year of Water Cooperation
International Year of Quinoa
2012
International Year of Cooperatives
International Year of Sustainable Energy for All
2011
International Year for People of African Descent
International Year of Chemistry
International Year of Forests
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 — 11 August 2011)
2010
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 — 11 August 2011)
International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures
International Year of Biodiversity
International Year of the Seafarer
2009
International Year of Reconciliation
International Year of Natural Fibres
International Year of Human Rights Learning
International Year of Astronomy
Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)
2008
International Year of Planet Earth
International Year of Languages
International Year of Sanitation
International Year of the Potato
2007/08
International Polar Year (WMO)
2006
International Year of Deserts and Desertification
2005
International Year of Microcredit
International Year for Sport and Physical Education
International Year of Physics
2004
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition
International Year of Rice
2003
Year of Kyrgyz Statehood
International Year of Freshwater
2002
United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage
International Year of Mountains
International Year of Ecotourism
2001
United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations
International Year of Volunteers
International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance
2000
International Year of Thanksgiving
International Year for the Culture of Peace
1999
International Year of Older Persons
1998
International Year of the Ocean
1996
International Year for the Eradication of Poverty
1995
United Nations Year for Tolerance
World Year of Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War
1994
International Year of the Family
International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal
1993
International Year for the World's Indigenous People
1992
International Space Year
1990
International Literacy Year
1987
International Year of Shelter for The Homeless
1986
International Year of Peace
1985
Year of The United Nations
International Youth Year: Participation, Development, Peace
1983
World Communications Year; Development of Communication Infrastructures
1982
International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa
1981
International Year for Disabled Persons
1979
International Year of The Child
1978/79
International Anti-Apartheid Year
1975
International Women's Year
1974
World Population Year
1971
International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice
1970
International Education Year
1968
International Year for Human Rights
1967
International Tourist Year
1965
International Co-operation Year
1961
International Health and Medical Research Year
1959/60
World Refugee Year

Post Offices in Villages

India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world. However, 5,00,327 villages are without Post Offices in the country. Opening of Post Offices is an on-going process. New Post Offices are opened as per the prescribed norms and subject to availability of Plan funds and manpower. It has been proposed to open 80 Branch Post Offices and 50 Sub-Post Offices in the country during the current financial year (2012-13).

24,969 departmental Post Offices have been computerized, out of which 21,606 Post Offices have been provided electronic money order facilities. The Department has a plan to provide these services through all Post Offices in phased manner and it is expected to be completed during the current Plan.