POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

Nuclear power plants
Currently, twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780.00 MW (2.9% of total installed base)

Power station	State
Kaiga	Karnataka
Kakrapar	Gujarat
Kalpakkam	Tamil Nadu
Narora	Uttar Pradesh
Rawatbhata Kota	Rajasthan
Tarapur	Maharashtra
Kudankulam	Tamil Nadu
The projects under construction are:
Power station	State
Kalpakkam	Tamil Nadu
Kakrapar	Gujarat
Rawatbhata	Rajasthan

HYDRO POWER PLANTS :
 1. Tehri Dam: on Bhagirathi River, Uttarakhand with Installed capacity: 1,000 MW.
 2. Bhakra nangal Dam: on Sutlej River, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh with In stalled capacity: 1325 MW.
 3. Hirakud Dam: On Mahanadi River, Orissa with the Installed capacity: 307.5 MW.
 4. Nagarjuna sagar Dam: on Krishna River, Andhra Pradesh with Installed capacity: 816 MW.
 5. Sardar Sarovar Dam: on Narmada River, Gujarat with Installed capacity: 1,450 MW.

WIND POWER PLANTS :
 Muppandal wind farm - Tamilnadu
 Vankusawade Wind Park - Maharashtra
 Vankusawade Wind Park - Karnataka
 Madhya Pradesh Wind Farm - Madhya pradesh
 Kanjikode Wind Farm - Kerala

THERMAL POWER PLANTS :
 Vindyachal power plant - Madhya pradesh
 Talcher power plant - Orissa
 Ramagundam power plant - Andhra pradesh
 Korba power plant - Chhattisgarh
 Dadri power plant - UP
 Singrauli power plant - MP
 Farakka power plant - West Bengal

Sobriquets - India

All Seasons State: Himachal Pradesh Blue Mountains: Nilgiri City of Palaces: Calcutta City of Golden Temple: Amritsar Garden City of India: Bangalore Gateway of India: Mumbai Granary of India: Punjab Land of Five Rivers: Punjab Pearl of the Orient: Goa Pink City: Jaipur Lake City: Udaipur Switzerland of India: Kashmir Paradise on Earth: Kashmir Mini-Switzerland in India: Khajjar, Himachal Pradesh Sorrow of Bengal: River Damodar Sorrow of Bihar: River Kosi Sorrow of Assam: Brahmaputra Spice Garden of India: Kerala Sugar Bowl of India: Uttar Pradesh Tea Garden of India: Assam Detroit of India: Pitampur Land of Sunrise in India: Arunachal Pradesh Manchester of South India: Coimbatore Manchester of India: Ahmadabad Mini Switzerland: Himachal Pradesh City of Orange: Nagpur Weavers City of India: Panipat Silicon Valley of India: Bangalore Clouds of House: Meghalaya Gods own land of India: Kerala Pink City: Jaipur Hollywood of India: Mumbai Silent Share: Ladakh Pearl of the East: Goa

Sobriquets - World

Britain of the East	Japan
Britain of the South	New Zealand
Battle field of Europe	Belgium
City of Cycles	Beijing
City of Dreaming Spires	Oxford
City of Eternal Springs	Quito, Ecuador
City of Sky Scrapers	New York
City of Magnificent Distances	Washington D.C
City of Golden Gate	San Francisco
City of Seven Hills	Rome
Cockpit of Europe	Belgium
Copper Country	Zambia
Dark Continent	Africa
Empire City	New York
Emerald Island	Ireland
Eternal City	Rome, Italy
Forbidden City	Lhasa, Tibet
Gateway of Tears	Strait of Bab-el Mandeb
Garden of England	Kent
George Cross Island	Malta
Granite City	Aberdeen, Scotland
Herring Pond	Atlantic Ocean
Hill Queen	Shimla
Holy Land	Palestine
Hermit Kingdom	Korea
Island of Pearls	Bahrain
Island of Cloves	Madagascar
Key to the Mediterranean	Gibraltar
Land of Eagles	Albania
Land of Golden Fleece	Australia
Land of Kangaroo	Australia
Land of Lilies	Canada
Land of Golden Pagoda	Myanmar
Land of Maple	Canada
Land of Thousand Lakes	Finland
Land of Morning Calm	Korea
Land of Rising Sun	Japan
Land of Setting Sun	Britain
Land of Midnight Sun	Norway
Land of Lakes	Scotland
Land of the Tulips	Netherlands
Land of White Elephant	Thailand
Land of Thunder Bolt	Bhutan
Land of Thousand Elephants	Laos
Manchester of the Orient	Osaka
Never, Never Land	Prairies, Northern Australia
Land of Thunder Dragon	China
Nation of Thousand Hills	Rwanda
Pearl of Arabia	Bahrain
Pearl of Antilles	Cuba
Pillars of Hercules	Strait of Gibraltar
Playground of Europe	Switzerland
Quaker City of USA	Philadelphia
Queen of the Adriatic	Venice, Italy
Roof of the World	Pamirs
Sorrow of China	River Huang Ho
Sickman of Europe	Turkey
Sugar Bowl of World	Cuba
Venice of the North	Stockholm, Sweden
White City	Belgrade
Windy City	Chicago
World’s Bread Basket	Prairies of North America
Island of Fire	Iceland
Land of Windmills	Polland
Land of Perpetual Greenary	Natal
World Loneliest Island	Tristanda Cunha

Factfile of Cyclones

The word cyclone has been derived from Greek word ‘cyclos’ which means ‘coiling of a snake’. The word cyclone was coined by Heary Piddington who worked as a Rapporteur in Kolkata during British rule. The terms “hurricane” and “typhoon” are region specific names for a strong “tropical cyclone”. Tropical cyclones are called “Hurricanes” over the Atlantic Ocean and “Typhoons” over the Pacific Ocean. 

A tropical cyclone is a rotational low pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots (about 62 kmph). It is a vast violent whirl of 150 to 800 km, spiraling around a centre and progressing along the surface of the sea at a rate of 300 to 500 km a day.

Cyclone Prone Areas in IndiaIndia has a coastline of about 7,516 km of which 5,400 km is along the mainland. The entire coast is affected by cyclones with varying frequency and intensity. Although the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) generates only about 7% of the world's cyclones (5 to 6 Tropical Cyclones per year) their impact is comparatively high and devastating, especially when they strike the coasts bordering the North Bay of Bengal.

Thirteen coastal states and Union Territories (UTs) in the country are affected by tropical cyclones. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are more vulnerable to cyclone hazards.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal government agency that provides weather services related to cyclones in India.

Classification of Cyclones in India: The criteria followed by Meteorological Department of India (IMD) to classify the low pressure systems in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea as adopted by World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) are as under: 

Type of Disturbances	Associated Wind Speed in the Circulation
Low pressure Area	Less than17 knots (<31 kmph)
Depression	17 to 27 knots (31 to 49 kmph)
Deep Depression	28 to 33 knots (50 to 61 kmph)
Cyclonic Storm	34 to 47 knots (62 to 88 kmph)
Severe Cyclonic Storm	48 to 63 knots (89 to 118 kmph)
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	64 to 119 knots (119 to 221 kmph)
Super Cyclonic Storm	120 knots and above (222 kmph and above)

Recent Cyclones of Andhra Pradesh

Name of the Cyclone	Year of Occurrence
Hudhud	12 October 2014
Lehar	25 November 2013
Helen	21 November 2013
Nilam	October 2012
Laila	May 2010
Khai-Muk	November 2008
Yemyin	June 2007

The recent deadly cyclones that hit Indian coastCyclone Phailin (2013) – The Cyclone Phailin is a category 5 storm that struck the Odisha and Andhra coast on 11 October 2013 causing massive destruction in the region- affecting 12 million people. Phailin is a Thai word which means Sapphire. This cyclone prompted India's biggest evacuation in 23 years with more than 5,50,000 people being moved from the coastline in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to safer shelters. Phailin brought very heavy rain of over 600 mm at many stations of Odisha. It also damaged crops worth Rs 2,400 crore and claimed over 40 lives. Loses due to Cyclone Phailin were estimated to be around rupees 420 crore.

Cyclone Nilam (2012) - Cyclonic Storm Nilam was the deadliest tropical cyclone to directly affect south India that made landfall near Mahabalipuram on October 31 as a strong cyclonic storm with peak winds of 85 kmph. Nilam caused economic losses of around Rs 100 crore because of torrential rain. 

Cyclone Thane (2011) - Thane was the strongest tropical cyclone of 2011 that became a very severe cyclonic storm on December 28, as it approached the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and made landfall at north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry on December 30. Thane left at least 46 people dead in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected areas. 

Cyclone Laila (2010) - Severe cyclonic storm Laila made a landfall in Andhra Pradesh on the 20 May 2010 and caused major flooding and damage along its path. Ongole in Andhra Pradesh recorded heavy rainfall of about 460 mm in just two days. Another town Addanki received the highest rainfall of 522 mm. The state government faced a loss of over Rs 500 crore due to Cyclone Laila.

Cyclone Jal (2010) - Cyclone Jal killed at least 54 people in India alone. About 300 thousand hectares of cropland was devastated by the cyclone. The remnants of Jal continued to move northwest, brought light to moderate spells of rain in India's warmest state of Rajasthan and also in Gujarat.

Cyclone Phyan (2009) - Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance in the Arabian Sea to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on November 4, 2009 and made landfall in south India on November 7. Massive damage to property was reported in coastal districts of Maharashtra, such as Ratnagiri, Raigad, Sindhudurg, Thane and Palghar.

Cyclone Nisha (2008) - Over 180 people were killed in Tamil Nadu alone due to heavy rain and floods caused by the cyclone. Orathanadu, in Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu received over 990 mm of rain within 24 hours. The total amount of rainfall received from Nisha was about 1280 mm. The damage caused by the cyclone was estimated to be about 3789 crores.

The 30 Deadliest Tropical Cyclones in World History

Rank	Name / Areas of Largest Loss	Year	Ocean Area	Deaths
1.	Great Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh	1970	Bay of Bengal	500,000
2.	Hooghly River Cyclone, India and Bangladesh	1737	Bay of Bengal	300,000
3.	Haiphong Typhoon, Vietnam	1881	West Pacific	300,000
3.	Coringa, India	1839	Bay of Bengal	300,000
5.	Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh	1584	Bay of Bengal	200,000
6.	Great Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh	1876	Bay of Bengal	200,000
7.	Chittagong, Bangladesh	1897	Bay of Bengal	175,000
8.	Super Typhoon Nina, China	1975	West Pacific	171,000
9.	Cyclone 02B, Bangladesh	1991	Bay of Bengal	140,000
9.	Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar	2008	Bay of Bengal	140,000
11.	Great Bombay Cyclone, India	1882	Arabian Sea	100,000
12.	Hakata Bay Typhoon, Japan	1281	West Pacific	65,000
13.	Calcutta, India	1864	Bay of Bengal	60,000
14.	Swatlow, China	1922	West Pacific	60,000
15.	Barisal, Bangladesh	1822	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	Sunderbans coast, Bangladesh	1699	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	India	1833	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	India	1854	Bay of Bengal	50,000
19.	Bengal Cyclone, Calcutta, India	1942	Bay of Bengal	40,000
19.	Bangladesh	1912	Bay of Bengal	40,000
19.	Bangladesh	1919	Bay of Bengal	40,000
22.	Canton, China	1862	West Pacific	37,000
23.	Backerganj (Barisal), Bangladesh	1767	Bay of Bengal	30,000
24.	Barisal, Bangladesh	1831	Bay of Bengal	22,000
25.	Great Hurricane, Lesser Antilles Islands	1780	Atlantic	22,000
26.	Devi Taluk, SE India	1977	Bay of Bengal	20,000
26.	Great Coringa Cyclone, India	1789	Bay of Bengal	20,000
28.	Bangladesh	1965 (11 May)	Bay of Bengal	19,279
29.	Nagasaki Typhoon, Japan	1828	Western Pacific	15,000
30.	Bangladesh	1965 (31 May)	Bay of Bengal	12,000

Largest in the World

Land Forms
Largest Continent	Asia
Largest Landmass	The Eurasian Landmass
Largest Gorge	Grand Canyon, USA
Largest Delta	Sundarbans in India and
Bangladesh Largest Peninsula	Arabia
Largest Island	Greenland
Largest Country in Area	Russia
Largest Archipelago	Indonesia
Largest Desert	Sahara, Africa
Largest Forest	Coniferous Forests of Northern
Russia Largest Plateau	Pamir, Tibet
Largest Mountain Range	The Himalaya
Largest Cold Desert	Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Largest Active Volcano	Mauna Lao on Hawaii
Largest Cave	Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA
Water Systems
Largest Ocean	Pacific
Largest Sea	South China Sea
Largest River	Amazon River
Largest River Basin	Amazon River
Largest Salt Water Lake	Caspian Sea
Largest Fresh Water Lake	Lake Superior in North America
Largest Artificial Lake	Lake Mead at Hoover Dam, USA
Largest Bay	Hudson Bay, North Canada
Largest Gulf	Gulf of Mexico
Largest Inland Sea	Mediterranean Sea
Largest Canal	Keil Canal in Germany
Largest Reef	Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Largest Strait	Tartar Strait
Largest Estuary	The Gulf of Ob, Russia
Man Made
Largest Temple	Angkorwat, Cambodia
Largest Airport	King Khalid International Airport at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest Church	St. Peter's Basilica, Rome
Largest Mosque	Sha Faisal Mosque, Islamabad
Largest Embassy	Russian Embassy, Beijing
Largest War Plane	Mirage, France
Largest Prison	Kharkov Russia
Largest Palace	Imperial Palace, Beijing
Largest Hotel	MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas, USA
Largest Stadium	Strahove, Czech Republic
Largest Library	United States Library of Congress
Largest Museum	American Museum of Natural History, New York
Largest Dam	Three Gorges, China
Largest Country in Population	China
Largest Wall	The Great Wall, China
Largest Cemetery	Leningrad, Russia
Largest Railway Station	Grand Central Terminal, New York
Largest University Building	University Of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest Open University	Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Largest Steel Plant	Nippon Steel Plant, Japan
Largest Statue	Statue of Liberty
Flora and Fauna
Largest Animal	Blue Whale
Largest Land Animal	The African Bush Elephant
Largest Park	Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada
Largest Zoo	Krugal National Park, South Africa
Largest River Island	Majuli, Assam
Largest Wingspan	Albatross
Largest Bird	Ostrich
Others
Largest Planet	Jupiter
Largest Democracy	India
Largest Electorate	India
Largest Diamond	The Cullinan
Largest Parliament	The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

Smallest, Highest, Longest, Deepest, Tallest in the World

Smallest In the World

Smallest Continent	Australia
Smallest Ocean	Arctic Ocean
Smallest Country	Vatican
Smallest Bird	Humming Bird
Smallest Flowering Plant	Wolffia
Smallest Planet	Mercury
Smallest Museum	Arizona, US
Smallest PC	Space Cube
Smallest Colony	Gibraltar

Highest in the world:

Highest Mountain Peak	Mt. Everest
Highest Lake	Titicaca, Bolivia
Highest Plateau	Tibet
Highest Waterfall	Angel Falls, Venezuela
Highest Airport	Lhasa Airport, Tibet
Highest Railway	Qinghai - Tibet
Highest Railway Station	Condor Station, Bolivia
Highest Mountain Peak	Mt. Everest, Nepal
Highest Continent	Antarctica
Highest Active Volcano	Guayathiri, Chile
Highest Bridge	Milau, France
Highest River Bridge	Royal Gorge, Colorado
Highest Capital City	La Paz, Bolivia

Longest In the World:

Longest river	Nile, Egypt
Longest Road Longest Railway Platform	Pan American Highway Kharagpur, West Bengal
Longest Dam	Hirakud, Orissa
Longest Railway Tunnel	Seikan Rail Tunnel, Japan
Longest Railway Line	Trans-Siberian Railway, Russia
Longest Ship Canal	Suez Canal
Longest Road Tunnel	St. Gothard Road Tunnel, Switzerland
Longest Fresh Water Lake	Lake Tanganyika
Longest Wall	Great Wall of China
Longest Airport	Dallas, USA
Longest Day	June 21
Longest Swimming Canal	English Canal

Deepest in the World

Deepest Ocean	Pacific Ocean
Deepest Lake	Lake Baikal, Siberia
Deepest Point in the Ocean	Challenger deep of Mariana Trench in Pacific Ocean
Deepest Gorge	Hell’s Canyon, USA

Tallest in the World

Tallest Minaret	Sultan Hassan Mosque, Egypt
Tallest Fountain	Fountain Hills, Arizona
Tallest Free Standing Structure	CN Tower,Toronto, Canada
Tallest Active Geyser	Steam Boat Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA
Tallest Building	Burj Khalifa in Dubai
Tallest Tree	The Redwood Tree
Tallest Animal	Giraffe
Tallest Road	Khardungla Pass, Leh Manali, India
Tallest Bridge	Royal Gorge Arkansas, America
Tallest Statue	Statue of Motherland, USSR
Tallest Railway line	Quin - Hai – Tibet, China
Tallest Office Building	Petronas Twin Tower, Kualalumpur, Malaysia

Others

Fastest Land Animal	Cheetah
Oldest National Flag	Denmark
Fastest Bird	Swift
Shortest River	Roe River in Montana
Lowest Point on Earth	Dead Sea
Most Densely Populated Province	Monacco
Least Populous City	Vatican
The Oldest Plant	Rose
The Oldest Capital City	Damascus
Most Poisonous Fish	Puffer fish
Coldest Place	Vostok, Antarctica
Hottest Planet	Venus
Strongest Natural Fibre	Silk
Lowest Temperature	Absolute Zero -273 °C
Widest Bridge	Sydney Harbour Bridge
Busiest Airport	Chicago O'Hare International Airport
Lowest Mountains	Bheinna Bhaile
Hottest Region	North-West Sahara, Azisia, Libya
Fastest Planet	Mercury
Coldest Planet	Neptune
Widest Waterfall	Khone Falls
Oldest Religion	Hinduism
Slowest Animal	Snail
Heaviest Rainfall	Mawsynram, India
Driest Place	Death Valley, California
Hottest Place	Azizia, Libya
Shortest Day	December 22