List of Congress Presidents till independence

Name of President	Life span	Year of Presidency	Place of Conference
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee	29 Dec 1844 – 21 July 1906	1885	Bombay
Dadabhai Naoroji	4 Sep 1825 – 30 June 1917	1886	Calcutta
Badruddin Tyabji	10 Oct 1844 – 19 Aug 1906	1887	Madras
George Yule	1829–1892	1888	Allahabad
William Wedderburn	25 Mar 1838– 25 Jan 1918	1889	Bombay
Pherozeshah Mehta	4 Aug 1845 – 5 Nov 1915	1890	Calcutta
Anandacharlu	1843– 1908	1891	Nagpur
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee	29 Dec 1844 – 21 July 1906	1892	Allahabad
Dadabhai Naoroji	4 Sep 1825 – 30 June 1917	1893	Lahore
Alfred Webb	1834–1908	1894	Madras
Surendranath Banerjee	10 Nov 1848 – 6 Aug 1925	1895	Poona
Rahimtulla M. Sayani	5 April 1847 – 1902	1896	Calcutta
C. Sankaran Nair	11 July 1857 – 1934	1897	Amraoti
Ananda Mohan Bose	23 Sep 1847 – 20 Aug 1906	1898	Madras
Romesh Chunder Dutt	13 Aug 1848 – 30 Nov 1909	1899	Lucknow
N. G. Chandavarkar	2 Dec 1855 – May 14 1923	1900	Lahore
Dinshaw Edulji Wacha	1844 – 1936	1901	Calcutta
Surendranath Banerjee	10 Nov 1848 – 6 Aug 1925	1902	Ahmedabad
Lalmohan Ghosh	1849–1909	1903	Madras
Henry Cotton	13 Sep 1845– 22 Oct 1915	1904	Bombay
Gopal Krishna Gokhale	9 May 1866 – 19 Feb 1915	1905	Benares
Dadabhai Naoroji	4 Sep 1825 – 30 June 1917	1906	Calcutta
Rashbihari Ghosh	23 Dec 1845 – 1921	1907	Surat
Rashbihari Ghosh	23 Dec 1845 – 1921	1908	Madras
Madan Mohan Malaviya	1861 – 1946	1909	Lahore
William Wedderburn	25 Mar 1838– 25 Jan 1918	1910	Allahabad
Bishan Narayan Dar	1864–1916	1911	Calcutta
Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar	1857–1921	1912	Bankipore
Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur	- 1919	1913	Karachi
Bhupendra Nath Bose	1859–1924	1914	Madras
Lord Satyendra Prasanno Sinha	24 Mar 1863– 4 Mar 1928	1915	Bombay
Ambica Charan Mazumdar	1850–1922	1916	Lucknow
Annie Besant	1 Oct 1847 – 1933	1917	Calcutta
Madan Mohan Malaviya	1861 – 1946	1918	Delhi
Syed Hasan Imam	1871 – 6 Feb 1931	1918	Bombay (Special Session)
Motilal Nehru	6 May 1861– 6 Feb 1931	1919	Amritsar
Lala Lajpat Rai	28 Jan 1865– 17 Nov 1928	1920	Calcutta (Special Session)
C. Vijayaraghavachariar	18 June 1852– 19 Apr 1944	1920	Nagpur
Ajmal Khan	1868–  1927	1921	Ahmedabad
Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das	5 Nov 1870– 16 June 1925	1922	Gaya
Mohammad Ali Jouhar	10 Dec 1878– 4 Jan 1931	1923	Kakinada
Abul Kalam Azad	1888– 22 Feb 1958	1923	Delhi (Special Session)
Mohandas Gandhi	2 Oct 1869– 30 Jan 1948	1924	Belgaum
Sarojini Naidu	13 Feb 1879– 2 Mar 1949	1925	Kanpur
S. Srinivasa Iyengar	Sep 11, 1874– 19 May 1941	1926	Gauhati
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari	25 Dec 1880– 1936	1927	Madras
Motilal Nehru	6 May 1861– 6 Feb 1931	1928	Calcutta
Jawaharlal Nehru	14 Nov 1889– 27 May 1964	1929 & 30	Lahore
Vallabhbhai Patel	31 Oct 1875– 15 Dec 1950	1931	Karachi
Madan Mohan Malaviya	1861 – 1946	1932	Delhi
Madan Mohan Malaviya	1861 – 1946	1933	Calcutta
Nellie Sengupta	1886–1973	1933	Calcutta
Rajendra Prasad	3 December 1884– 28 February 1963	1934 & 35	Bombay
Jawaharlal Nehru	14 November 1889– 27 May 1964	1936	Lucknow
Jawaharlal Nehru	14 November 1889– 27 May 1964	1936& 37	Faizpur
Subhas Chandra Bose	23 January 1897 – Unknown	1938	Haripura
Subhas Chandra Bose	23 January 1897 – Unknown	1939	Tripuri
Abul Kalam Azad	1888– 22 February 1958	1940–46	Ramgarh
J. B. Kripalani	1888– 19 March 1982	1947	Meerut

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Winners

Year	Name of the Sportsperson(s)	Sport Discipline
1991–92	Viswanathan Anand	Chess
1992–93	Geet Sethi	Billiards
1993–94	Not Conferred
1994–95	Cdr. Homi D. Motivala (Joint)	Yachting (Team Event)
	Lt. Cdr. P. K. Garg (Joint)
1995–96	Karnam Malleswari	Weightlifting
1996–97	Nameirakpam Kunjarani (Joint)	Weightlifting
	Leander Paes (Joint)	Tennis
1997–98	Sachin Tendulkar	Cricket
1998–99	Jyotirmoyee Sikdar	Athletics
1999–2000	Dhanraj Pillay	Hockey
2000–01	Pullela Gopichand	Badminton
2001–02	Abhinav Bindra	Shooting
2002–03	Anjali Ved Pathak Bhagwat(Joint)	Shooting
	K. M. Beenamol (Joint)	Athletics
2003–04	Anju Bobby George	Athletics
2004–05	Lt. Col Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore	Shooting
2005–06	Pankaj Advani	Billiards and Snooker
2006–07	Manavjit Singh Sandhu	Shooting
2007–08	Mahendra Singh Dhoni	Cricket
2008–09	Mary Kom (Joint)	Boxing
	Vijender Singh (Joint)	Boxing
	Sushil Kumar (Joint)	Wrestling
2009–10	Saina Nehwal	Badminton
2010–11	Gagan Narang	Shooting
2011–12	Vijay Kumar (Joint)	Shooting
	Yogeshwar Dutt (Joint)	Wrestling
2012–13	Ronjan Sodhi	Shooting
2014–15	Sania Mirza	Tennis

Famous Scientists and their Inventions List

Physics and Chemistry

Archimedes—Invention of the famous Archimedean law, discovery of the principles of lever and specific gravity.
Avogadro—An Italian scientists known for Avogadro’s hypothesis.
Bacquarrel—Radio-activity of uranium.
Baird J.L.—Television.
Benjamin Franklin—Lightning conductor.
Bhabha H.J.—Research in cosmic rays and quantum theory.
Binet—Intelligence tests.
Bose, J.C.—Crescograph.
Bose, S.N.—Discovery of nuclear particles ‘Boson’.
Bohr—Electron Theory, Atomic structure.
Bunsen—Spectroscope.
Bushwell—Submarine.
Carothers—Nylon Plastics.
Cavendish—Discovery of hydrogen, rare gases, chemical composition of water.
Charles Darwin—Theory of Evolution; Origin of Species.
Curie, Madame—Radium.
Dalton—Law of partial pressures; Atomic theory; laws of chemical combination; the law of multiple proportions.
Democritus—(Greek Philosopher)—Atomic theory.
Dewar—Thermos flask.

Pioneers in Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries

Austin—Motor car.

Baird J.L.—Television.
Bell, Graham—Telephone.
Broquet—Helicopter.
Gutenburg—Printing Press.
Colt—Revolver.
Daimler—Gas engine, Automobile.
Davy—Miner’s Safety Lamp.
Diesel—Internal combustion.
Edison—First electric bulb and gramophone.
Faraday—Dynamo.
Frank Whittle—Jet propulsion.
Franklin Benjamin—Lightning conductor.
Lippershe—Telescope.
James Puckle—Machine Gun.
Hoe—Rotary Printing Press.
James Watt—Steam engine (1769).
Macmillan—Bicycle (1842).
Mergenthaler—Linotype.
Montgolfer—Balloon (1883).
R.A. Watson Watt—Radar.
Sholes—Typewriter.
Stephenson—Railway engine.
Swinton—Military tank.
Torricelli—Barometer.
W. & O. Wright—Aeroplane.
Waterman—Fountain pen.
Whittle, Frank—Jet propulsion.
Zeis—Lenses, Camera.

Medical Inventions and Discoveries

Banting—Insulin (a cure for diabetes).

Bernard Christian—Replacing the human heart.
Brahmchari, U.M.—Cure of Kala-a-zar fever.
Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.
Fleming Alexander—Penicillin (in 1929).
Harvey—Circulation of blood.
Hahnemann—Founder of Homeopathy.
Hopkins. F.G.—Vitamin D.
Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination.
Koch Robert—Tubercle Bacillus.
Lainnec—Stethoscope.
Lister, Lord—Antiseptic surgery.
Pasteur Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of hydrophobia.
Ronald Ross—Malaria parasite.
Salk Jonas E.—Anti-polio. Vaccine.
Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform.
Wakesman—Streptomycin.

Geographical Discoveries

Amundsen—Discovered South Pole in Dec. 14, 1911.
Armstrong, Neil A.—(U.S.A.) First person to set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969.
Cabot Sebastian—Discovered New Found land in 1497.
Columbus Christopher—Discovered America in 1492 and South America in 1498.
Copernicus—Discovered solar system in 1540. He propounded the astronomical system which bears his name.
Edmund Hillary—Conquered Mt. Everest on May 29, 1953, along with Sherpa Tenzing.
Ferdinand de Lesseps—Conceived the plan of the Suez Canal on which work was completed in 1969.
Henry Hundson—Discovered Hudson Bay in 1610.
Kepler—Discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion in 1609.
Magellan—Sailed round the World in 1519.
Marco Polo—A Venetian Traveller who explored China (in 1272) India. South—eastern countries.
Peary, Robert—Discovered North Pole in 1909.
Tabei Mrs. Junko—She is the first-ever woman to climb Mt. Everest on May 16, 1975.
Tasman—Dutch navigator, discovered the Tasmania Island and New Zealand in 1649.
Vasco-De-Gama—The Portuguese sailor rounded the Cape of Good Hope and discovered sea route to India and reached Calicut (now Khozikhode) in 1498.

Insurance Related General Knowledge Practice Questions

1. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme replace Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme was introduced in the year– 
(A) 1997 
(B) 1998 
(C) 1999 
(D) 2000 
(Ans : c)

2. Earlier it was thought safe to allow each financial institution to carry out only one type of finance service. But now Banks are selling shares, Insurance companies can sell banking services. These new financial conglomerates are colloquially referred to as– 
(A) Multinationals 
(B) Financial Supermarkets 
(C) Market Regulators 
(D) Brand Promoters 
(Ans : b)

3. Insurance service provided by various banks is commonly known as–
(A) Investment Banking 
(B) Portfolio Management 
(C) Merchant Banking 
(D) Bancassurance 
(Ans : d)

4. Which one of the following institution is related to export financing and insurance?
(A) ECGC 
(B) GAIL 
(C) CBDT 
(D) IDBI 
(Ans : a)

5. ECGC is related to– 
(A) Export promotion 
(B) Export financing and insurance 
(C) Export quality certification 
(D) Export statistics publication 
(Ans : b)

6. ‘Which of the following organisations is involved in providing the insurance against various rirks to the exportes?
(A) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 
(B) State trading Corporation of India (STCI) 
(C) EXIM Bank 
(D) Exort Credit and Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) 
(Ans : c)

7. In the context of independent India’s economy, which one of the following was the earliest event to take place? 
(A) Nationalization of Insurance companies 
(B) Nationalization of State Bank of India 
(C) Enactment of Banking Regulation Act 
(D) Introduction of First Five Year Plan 
(Ans : c)

8. The biggest British capital investment in India was made in– 
(A) the tea, coffee, and indigo plantations 
(B) the railways, banking insurance, and shipping 
(C) the cotton textile industry 
(D) the jute mills 
(Ans : B)

9. Which one of the following legislations does not deal with the protection of environment? 
(A) The Water (Cess) Act, 1977 
(B) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 
(C) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 
(D) The Port Laws Amendment Act, 1997 
(Ans : A)

10. Which of the following is not in the State List under the Constitution of India? 
(A) Insurance 
(B) Fisheries 
(C) Agriculture 
(D) Gambling 
(Ans : A)

11. Crop Insurance is the monopoly of– 
(A) National Insurance Company 
(B) General Insurance Company 
(C) Life Insurance Corporation 
(D) NABARD 
(Ans : B)

12. Government has issued an ordinance announcing ULIP as 'Insurance Product'. Who is now the regulator of ULIPs? 
(A) SEBI 
(B) IRDA 
(C) Both 'a' and 'b' 
(D) Government of India 
(Ans : B)

13. Under whose chairmanship was the committee on Insurance Sector reforms set up? 
(A) Narasimham 
(B) C Rangarajan 
(C) R N Malhotra 
(D) None of these 
(Ans : C)

14. For regulation of the insurance trade in the country the Government has formed–
(A) SEBI 
(B) RBI 
(C) IRDA 
(D) GIC 
(Ans : C)

15. IRDA is associated with– 
(A) railways 
(B) insurance sectors 
(C) telecommunication 
(D) banking 
(Ans : B)

16. Aam Admi Bima Yojana is an insurance scheme for rural landless households introduced by– 
(A) LIC 
(B) UTI 
(C) ICICI 
(D) None of these 
(Ans : A)

17. Aam Admi Bima Yojana provide insurance of ………. on natural death– 
(A) Rs. 75000 
(B) Rs. 30000 
(C) Rs. 50000 
(D) Rs. 10000 
(Ans : B) 
18. According to the recently passed Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill 2015 , FDI in Insurance Sector is–
(A) 74% 
(B) 26% 
(C) 49% 
(D) 51% 
(Ans : C)

19. Which first bank in India to fully own an insurance business ?
(A) HDFC Bank 
(B) Kotak Mahindra Bank 
(C) ICICI Bank 
(D) IDBI Bank 
(Ans : B)

20. As per the Insurance Act, every insurer has to prepare at the end of financial year
(A) Balance Sheet 
(B) Profit and Loss Account
(C) Revenue Account for each class of Insurance business 
(D) All of the above 
(Ans: D)