Names of Indian Leaders | Titles or Positions Hold | Names of Cremation Ground / Memorial Names |
Mahatma Gandhi | Father of the Nation | Raj Ghat |
Jawaharlal Nehru | 1st Prime Minister of India | Shantivan |
Lal Bahadur Shastri | 2nd Prime Minister of India | Vijay Ghat |
Indira Gandhi | 3rd Prime Minister of India | Shakti Sthal |
Morarji Desai | 4th Prime Minister of India | Abhay Ghat |
Charan Singh | 5th Prime Minister of India | Kisan Ghat |
Rajiv Gandhi | 6th Prime Minister of India | Veer Bhoomi (Vir Bhoomi) |
Giani Zail Singh | 7th President of India | Ekta Sthal |
Shankar Dayal Sharma | 9th President of India | Karma Bhumi |
K.R. Narayanan | 10th President of India | Ekta Sthal (Karma Bhoomi) |
Gulzarilal Nanda | Acting Prime Minister of India | Narayan Ghat |
Krishna Kant | 10th Vice President of India | Nigambhoot Ghat |
Jagjivan Ram | Deputy Prime Minister of India | Samta Sthal |
B.R. Ambedkar | Political leader and Philosopher | Chaitya Bhoomi |
Monday, August 1, 2011
Indian Leaders & Memorial Names
Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Indian Beaches
| Andaman & Nicobar : | |||
| Radhnagar Beach | Harminder bay Beach | Karmatang Beach | Ramnagar Beach |
| Andhra Pardesh : | |||
| Bhemunipatnam Beach | Ramakrishna Beach | Manginapudi Beach | Mypad Beach |
| Rishikonda Beach | Vodarevu Beach | ||
| Goa : | |||
| Anjuna Beach | Baga Beach | Dona Paula | Calanqute Beach |
| Benaulim Beach | Cavelosim Beach | Chapora Beach | Condolim Beach |
| Bogmolo Beach | Miramar Beach | Pololem Beach | Vagator Beach |
| Varca Beach | |||
| Gujrat : | |||
| Ahmedpur Mandvi Beach | Beyt Dwarka | Diu Beach | Somnath & Veraval Beach |
| Chorward | Madhavpur Beach | Gopnath Beach in Gujrat | |
| Kerala : | |||
| Kovalam Beach | Marari Beach | Kumarakom | Alappuzha Beach |
| Beypore Beach | Varkala Beach | Fort Kochi Beach | Kappad Beach |
| Ezhimala Beach | Moppila Bay | Mazhappilangad Beach | Pathiramanal Beach |
| Payyambalam Beach | Sankhumugham Beach | Tanur Beach | Thangassery Beach |
| Thirumullavaram Beach | |||
| Karnataka : | |||
| Karwar Beach | Malpe Beach | Maravanthe Beach | Bhatkal Beach |
| Murudeshwar Beach | |||
| Maharashtra : | |||
| Juhu Beach | Marine Drive-Chowpatty Beach | Madh Island Beach | Ganpatipule Beach |
| Murud Janjira Beach | Dahanu-Bordi Beaches | Harnai Beach | Kihim & Mandwa Beach |
| Vijaydurg Beach | Tarkali Beach | Velneshwar | |
| Orissa : | |||
| Chandipur Beach | Konark Beach | Paradeep Beach | Puri Beach |
| Balighai Beach | |||
| Tamil Nadu : | |||
| Marina Beach, Chennai | Mahabalipuram Beach | Rameshwaram Beach | Kanyakumari Beach |
| Cavelong Beach | |||
Sunday, July 17, 2011
MULTIPURPOSE RIVER-VALLEY PROJECTS
ALAMATTI DAM
It is on the river Krishna.
BASPA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The 300 MW project is located in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest private hydro-electric project and has been built by Jaypee group. It is located on Baspa river, a tributary of Satluj.
BEAS PROJECT
It is a joint venture of the governments of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It consists of two units: (i) Beas-Sutlej Link and (ii) Beas Dam at Pong. The project links the Beas and the Sutlej rivers in Punjab through 38.4 km of hills and valleys. The waters of the Beas were poured into the mighty Sutlej river on July 10, 1977 at the first-ever man-made confluence of the two major rivers at Slapper in Himachal in a mighty bid to augment the water resources of the Gobind Sagar Lake of the Bhakra-complex. This completed the Rs 380- crore dream which was realised in a period of only 12 years.
BHADRA RESERVOIR PROJECT
Bhadra Reservoir Project across the river Bhadra is in Karnataka.
BHAKRA-NANGAL PROJECT (HIMACHAL PRADESH)
Largest multipurpose project in India and the highest straight gravity dam in the world (225.5 m high) on the river Sutlej.
CHAMBAL PROJECT
It is a joint undertaking by the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh governments. The Rana Pratap Dam at Bhata, 48 km from Kotah, was inaugurated on Feb 9, 1970. The project comprises construction of two other dams: Gandhi Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh and Jawahar Sagar (Kotah) Dam in Rajasthan.
CHAMERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The 540 MW Chamera hydro-electric project on the Ravi river in Himachal Pradesh was implemented with Canadian credit offer of about Rs 335 crore.
CHUKHA PROJECT
The 336 MW project is the most prestigious and largest in Bhutan. It has been completely built by India. The dam has been constructed on Wang Chu river. The project costed Rs 244 crore.
DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT (WEST BENGAL AND BIHAR)
Principal object of this multipurpose scheme is to control the flowing of the Damodar which is notorious for its vagaries and destructiveness. It is designed on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in U.S.A.
DUL-HASTI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The Rs. 1263 crore project is being built on river Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The foundation of the project was laid in September 1984. The project will consist of a power plant of 390 MW capacity. The power house will be located underground.
DHAULIGANGA PROJECT
The Rs. 600 crore, 280 MW project is to be located on Dhauliganga river in Uttaranchal.
FARAKKA BARRAGE
The basic aim of the Farakka Barrage is to preserve and maintain Calcutta port and to improve the navigability of the Hooghly river. It consists of a barrage across the Ganga at Farakka, another barrage at Jangipur across the Bhagirthi, a 39-km long feeder canal taking off from the right bank of the Ganga at Farakka and tailing into the Bhagirathi below the Jangipur barrage, and a road-cum-rail bridge have already been completed. Specially, the object of Farakka is to use about 40,000 cusecs of water out of the water stored in the dam to flush the Calcutta port which is getting silted up.
GANDAK PROJECT (BIHAR AND U.P)
This is a joint venture of India and Nepal as per agreement signed between the two governments on Dec 4, 1959. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are the participating Indian States. Nepal would also derive irrigation and power benefits from this project.
HIRAKUD PROJECT (ORISSA)
It is the first of a chain of three Dams planned for harnessing the Mahanadi.
IDUKKI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
It is a giant hydro-electric project of Kerala and one of the biggest in the country, constructed with Canadian assistance with an installed capacity of 390 MW in the first stage and 780 MW in the second stage. The project envisages to harness Periyar waters, has three major dams, the 169 m high Idukki arch dam across Periyar river, 138 m high Cheruthoni Dam across the tributary of Cheruthoni river and 99.9 m high Kulamavu Dam.
JAYAKWADI DAM (MAHARASHTRA)
The 10-km-long Jayakwadi dam on the Godavari is Maharashtra’s largest irrigation project located near Paithan.
KALPONG HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT This is the first hydel power plant of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The 5.25 MW project was commissioned on July 1, 2001. It is located near Kalara village of Diglipur Tehsil in North Andaman and has been built by National Hydel Power Corporation.
KAKRAPARA PROJECT
It is situated on the Tapti near Kakrapara, 80 km upstream of Surat. The project is financed by the Gujarat Government.
KOEL KARO PROJECT The project envisages construction of earthen dam across river south Koel at Basia in Bihar and another dam over north Karo at Lohajimi. The capacity will be 710 MW.
KOL PROJECT
The 600 MW project is to be located on the Satluj, 6 km upstream of the Dehar Power House on the Beas-Satluj link project in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Besides generating power, the dam will also serve as a check dam for the 1,050-MW Bhakra Dam and prolong its life by at least 10 years.
KOSI PROJECT This project will serve Bihar and Nepal. The Kosi rises in Nepal, passes through Bihar and joins the Ganges. The river is subject to heavy floods. Two dams are to be built across it.
NAGARJUNASAGAR PROJECT
This Project is a venture of Andhra Pradesh for utilizing water of the Krishna river. The Nagarjunasagar Dam was inaugurated on Aug 4, 1967. It is situated near Nandikonda village in Miryalguda Taluk of Nalgonda district.
NATHPA-JHAKRI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
India’s largest hydro-electric project, it is located at Nathpa Jhakri in Himachal Pradesh. It is built on Satluj river. The first of the six 250 MW units was commissioned on December 30, 2002. The project is being executed by Satluj Jal Nigam (formerly Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation).
PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT It is a joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala States. It envisages construction of seven inter-connected reservoirs by harnessing rivers including two major rivers viz., Parambikulam on the western slopes of Annamalai Hills and Aliyar on the eastern slopes.
PARAPPALAR DAM The Rs 1-crore Parappalar Dam with a storage capacity of 167 million cubic feet near Oddenchatram, about 75 km from Madurai in Palni taluk (Tamil Nadu), was inaugurated on August 30, 1976.
PARVATI VALLEY PROJECT
It is the first inter-State hydel power project of India. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi have joined hands with Himachal Pradesh to set up the project. The 2050 MW project will be built near Kullu, on Parvati river, a tributary of Beas.
PERIYAR VALLEY SCHEME (KERALA) The scheme envisages the construction of a masonry barrage 210.92 metres long across the river Periyar near Alwaye, in Ernakulam district.
PONG DAM
It is also called the Beas Dam on the river Beas, near Talwara in Himachal Pradesh, is the highest (132 m high) rock-fill dam in the country. The project is a joint venture of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. The dam has been designed to store 6.6 million acre feet of water. Although the dam is meant primarily to meet the irrigation needs, it also produces power.
RAJASTHAN CANAL PROJECT
It is a bold venture of bringing irrigation to a desert area. The project, which uses water from the Pong dam, consists of 215-km long Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 178 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and the 467-km long Rajasthan main canal lying entirely in Rajasthan.
RAMGANGA RIVER PROJECT
This Project in Uttaranchal envisages construction of a dam across the river Ramganga, one of the major tributaries of the Ganga at 3.2 km upstream of Kalagarh in Garhwal district. RANJIT SAGAR DAM PROJECT Formerly known as Thein dam, it was dedicated to the nation on March 4, 2001. It is built on Ravi river near Thein village in Punjab. Total installed capacity is 600 MW.
RIHAND PROJECT (MIRZAPUR DISTRICT—U.P.) This project has been completed by the U.P. Government and comprises construction of a concrete gravity dam across the Rihand river in Mirzapur District (U.P.) and a Power House at Pipri and necessary transmission lines. Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar is a part of this project.
RONGTONG PROJECT WORLD’S HIGHEST HYDRO POWER PROJECT Rongtong project is situated in Kaza in the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh. The project has helped transform the entire cold mountain desert into a lush green belt.
SALAL PROJECT It has been built on River Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The first stage was completed on February 9, 1989 and marked the beginning of the harnessing of hydro power potential of river Chenab. At present the capacity of the powerhouse is 345 MW. With completion of second stage the capacity will double.
SANKOSH HYDEL-POWER PROJECT
India and Bhutan have signed an agreement for building of a gigantic Sankosh hydel power project. It will be one among the ten largest projects in Asia. The project is to be constructed near Kerabari in Gaylegphug district of Bhutan on Sankosh river. It will include a 600 metre-long and 239 metre high dam and a reservoir with a catchment area of 10,525 sq km. It is estimated to cost around Rs 2000 crore. Once completed, the project will generate 1,525 MW of power and help irrigate eight lakh hectares of land.
SANJAY VIDYUT (HYDEL) PROJECT It is Asia’s first fully underground Hydel Project. The 120 MW project is located near Bhaba Nagar in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It harnesses the water of the Bhaba Khud, a tributary of Satluj.
SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT
This is one of the largest river valley schemes in the country. The project envisages construction of 163-metre-high cement concrete dam at Navagam in Gujarat. This will create irrigation potential of 1.79 million hectares and generate 1450 MW of power.
SAWALKOTE HYDRO PROJECT
The 600 MW project in Jammu & Kashmir is being built by a Norwegian consortium.
SHARAVATI PROJECT (KARNATAKA)
Located about 400 km from Bangalore near the Gersoppa falls, the Sharavati Project is one of the world’s major power projects, built by Indian engineers with American collaboration.
SRISAILARN PROJECT It is a massive power project, 110 km away from Nagarjunasagar in the upper reaches of the river Krishna.
SUBARNAREKHA PROJECT
It is Rs 130-crore multipurpose project which would, when completed, provide assured irrigation to 7,06,000 acres to the chronically drought-prone areas of Orissa and Bihar.
TEHRI DAM PROJECT World’s fifth and Asia’s largest hydro-electric project has been constructed on river Bhagirithi, a tributary of Ganga in Tehri district of Uttaranchal. The height of the earth and rockfill dam is 260.5 m, making it the highest dam in the country. Once fully operational, the project will produce 1000 MW electricity.
TUNGABHADRA PROJECT (ANDHRA AND KARNATAKA)
It is a joint undertaking by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The project comprises a dam across the Tungabhadra river near Mallapuram.
UKAI PROJECT The Ukai power project of Gujarat equipped with power generating sets manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited was inaugurated on October 12, 1977. It has added 540,000 KW of installed capacity to the State’s existing power network.
It is on the river Krishna.
BASPA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The 300 MW project is located in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest private hydro-electric project and has been built by Jaypee group. It is located on Baspa river, a tributary of Satluj.
BEAS PROJECT
It is a joint venture of the governments of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It consists of two units: (i) Beas-Sutlej Link and (ii) Beas Dam at Pong. The project links the Beas and the Sutlej rivers in Punjab through 38.4 km of hills and valleys. The waters of the Beas were poured into the mighty Sutlej river on July 10, 1977 at the first-ever man-made confluence of the two major rivers at Slapper in Himachal in a mighty bid to augment the water resources of the Gobind Sagar Lake of the Bhakra-complex. This completed the Rs 380- crore dream which was realised in a period of only 12 years.
BHADRA RESERVOIR PROJECT
Bhadra Reservoir Project across the river Bhadra is in Karnataka.
BHAKRA-NANGAL PROJECT (HIMACHAL PRADESH)
Largest multipurpose project in India and the highest straight gravity dam in the world (225.5 m high) on the river Sutlej.
CHAMBAL PROJECT
It is a joint undertaking by the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh governments. The Rana Pratap Dam at Bhata, 48 km from Kotah, was inaugurated on Feb 9, 1970. The project comprises construction of two other dams: Gandhi Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh and Jawahar Sagar (Kotah) Dam in Rajasthan.
CHAMERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The 540 MW Chamera hydro-electric project on the Ravi river in Himachal Pradesh was implemented with Canadian credit offer of about Rs 335 crore.
CHUKHA PROJECT
The 336 MW project is the most prestigious and largest in Bhutan. It has been completely built by India. The dam has been constructed on Wang Chu river. The project costed Rs 244 crore.
DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT (WEST BENGAL AND BIHAR)
Principal object of this multipurpose scheme is to control the flowing of the Damodar which is notorious for its vagaries and destructiveness. It is designed on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in U.S.A.
DUL-HASTI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
The Rs. 1263 crore project is being built on river Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The foundation of the project was laid in September 1984. The project will consist of a power plant of 390 MW capacity. The power house will be located underground.
DHAULIGANGA PROJECT
The Rs. 600 crore, 280 MW project is to be located on Dhauliganga river in Uttaranchal.
FARAKKA BARRAGE
The basic aim of the Farakka Barrage is to preserve and maintain Calcutta port and to improve the navigability of the Hooghly river. It consists of a barrage across the Ganga at Farakka, another barrage at Jangipur across the Bhagirthi, a 39-km long feeder canal taking off from the right bank of the Ganga at Farakka and tailing into the Bhagirathi below the Jangipur barrage, and a road-cum-rail bridge have already been completed. Specially, the object of Farakka is to use about 40,000 cusecs of water out of the water stored in the dam to flush the Calcutta port which is getting silted up.
GANDAK PROJECT (BIHAR AND U.P)
This is a joint venture of India and Nepal as per agreement signed between the two governments on Dec 4, 1959. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are the participating Indian States. Nepal would also derive irrigation and power benefits from this project.
HIRAKUD PROJECT (ORISSA)
It is the first of a chain of three Dams planned for harnessing the Mahanadi.
IDUKKI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
It is a giant hydro-electric project of Kerala and one of the biggest in the country, constructed with Canadian assistance with an installed capacity of 390 MW in the first stage and 780 MW in the second stage. The project envisages to harness Periyar waters, has three major dams, the 169 m high Idukki arch dam across Periyar river, 138 m high Cheruthoni Dam across the tributary of Cheruthoni river and 99.9 m high Kulamavu Dam.
JAYAKWADI DAM (MAHARASHTRA)
The 10-km-long Jayakwadi dam on the Godavari is Maharashtra’s largest irrigation project located near Paithan.
KALPONG HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT This is the first hydel power plant of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The 5.25 MW project was commissioned on July 1, 2001. It is located near Kalara village of Diglipur Tehsil in North Andaman and has been built by National Hydel Power Corporation.
KAKRAPARA PROJECT
It is situated on the Tapti near Kakrapara, 80 km upstream of Surat. The project is financed by the Gujarat Government.
KOEL KARO PROJECT The project envisages construction of earthen dam across river south Koel at Basia in Bihar and another dam over north Karo at Lohajimi. The capacity will be 710 MW.
KOL PROJECT
The 600 MW project is to be located on the Satluj, 6 km upstream of the Dehar Power House on the Beas-Satluj link project in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Besides generating power, the dam will also serve as a check dam for the 1,050-MW Bhakra Dam and prolong its life by at least 10 years.
KOSI PROJECT This project will serve Bihar and Nepal. The Kosi rises in Nepal, passes through Bihar and joins the Ganges. The river is subject to heavy floods. Two dams are to be built across it.
NAGARJUNASAGAR PROJECT
This Project is a venture of Andhra Pradesh for utilizing water of the Krishna river. The Nagarjunasagar Dam was inaugurated on Aug 4, 1967. It is situated near Nandikonda village in Miryalguda Taluk of Nalgonda district.
NATHPA-JHAKRI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT
India’s largest hydro-electric project, it is located at Nathpa Jhakri in Himachal Pradesh. It is built on Satluj river. The first of the six 250 MW units was commissioned on December 30, 2002. The project is being executed by Satluj Jal Nigam (formerly Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation).
PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT It is a joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala States. It envisages construction of seven inter-connected reservoirs by harnessing rivers including two major rivers viz., Parambikulam on the western slopes of Annamalai Hills and Aliyar on the eastern slopes.
PARAPPALAR DAM The Rs 1-crore Parappalar Dam with a storage capacity of 167 million cubic feet near Oddenchatram, about 75 km from Madurai in Palni taluk (Tamil Nadu), was inaugurated on August 30, 1976.
PARVATI VALLEY PROJECT
It is the first inter-State hydel power project of India. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi have joined hands with Himachal Pradesh to set up the project. The 2050 MW project will be built near Kullu, on Parvati river, a tributary of Beas.
PERIYAR VALLEY SCHEME (KERALA) The scheme envisages the construction of a masonry barrage 210.92 metres long across the river Periyar near Alwaye, in Ernakulam district.
PONG DAM
It is also called the Beas Dam on the river Beas, near Talwara in Himachal Pradesh, is the highest (132 m high) rock-fill dam in the country. The project is a joint venture of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. The dam has been designed to store 6.6 million acre feet of water. Although the dam is meant primarily to meet the irrigation needs, it also produces power.
RAJASTHAN CANAL PROJECT
It is a bold venture of bringing irrigation to a desert area. The project, which uses water from the Pong dam, consists of 215-km long Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 178 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and the 467-km long Rajasthan main canal lying entirely in Rajasthan.
RAMGANGA RIVER PROJECT
This Project in Uttaranchal envisages construction of a dam across the river Ramganga, one of the major tributaries of the Ganga at 3.2 km upstream of Kalagarh in Garhwal district. RANJIT SAGAR DAM PROJECT Formerly known as Thein dam, it was dedicated to the nation on March 4, 2001. It is built on Ravi river near Thein village in Punjab. Total installed capacity is 600 MW.
RIHAND PROJECT (MIRZAPUR DISTRICT—U.P.) This project has been completed by the U.P. Government and comprises construction of a concrete gravity dam across the Rihand river in Mirzapur District (U.P.) and a Power House at Pipri and necessary transmission lines. Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar is a part of this project.
RONGTONG PROJECT WORLD’S HIGHEST HYDRO POWER PROJECT Rongtong project is situated in Kaza in the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh. The project has helped transform the entire cold mountain desert into a lush green belt.
SALAL PROJECT It has been built on River Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The first stage was completed on February 9, 1989 and marked the beginning of the harnessing of hydro power potential of river Chenab. At present the capacity of the powerhouse is 345 MW. With completion of second stage the capacity will double.
SANKOSH HYDEL-POWER PROJECT
India and Bhutan have signed an agreement for building of a gigantic Sankosh hydel power project. It will be one among the ten largest projects in Asia. The project is to be constructed near Kerabari in Gaylegphug district of Bhutan on Sankosh river. It will include a 600 metre-long and 239 metre high dam and a reservoir with a catchment area of 10,525 sq km. It is estimated to cost around Rs 2000 crore. Once completed, the project will generate 1,525 MW of power and help irrigate eight lakh hectares of land.
SANJAY VIDYUT (HYDEL) PROJECT It is Asia’s first fully underground Hydel Project. The 120 MW project is located near Bhaba Nagar in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It harnesses the water of the Bhaba Khud, a tributary of Satluj.
SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT
This is one of the largest river valley schemes in the country. The project envisages construction of 163-metre-high cement concrete dam at Navagam in Gujarat. This will create irrigation potential of 1.79 million hectares and generate 1450 MW of power.
SAWALKOTE HYDRO PROJECT
The 600 MW project in Jammu & Kashmir is being built by a Norwegian consortium.
SHARAVATI PROJECT (KARNATAKA)
Located about 400 km from Bangalore near the Gersoppa falls, the Sharavati Project is one of the world’s major power projects, built by Indian engineers with American collaboration.
SRISAILARN PROJECT It is a massive power project, 110 km away from Nagarjunasagar in the upper reaches of the river Krishna.
SUBARNAREKHA PROJECT
It is Rs 130-crore multipurpose project which would, when completed, provide assured irrigation to 7,06,000 acres to the chronically drought-prone areas of Orissa and Bihar.
TEHRI DAM PROJECT World’s fifth and Asia’s largest hydro-electric project has been constructed on river Bhagirithi, a tributary of Ganga in Tehri district of Uttaranchal. The height of the earth and rockfill dam is 260.5 m, making it the highest dam in the country. Once fully operational, the project will produce 1000 MW electricity.
TUNGABHADRA PROJECT (ANDHRA AND KARNATAKA)
It is a joint undertaking by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The project comprises a dam across the Tungabhadra river near Mallapuram.
UKAI PROJECT The Ukai power project of Gujarat equipped with power generating sets manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited was inaugurated on October 12, 1977. It has added 540,000 KW of installed capacity to the State’s existing power network.
Saturday, July 16, 2011
INDIAN HISTORY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(A) Weapon
(B) Agricultural implement
(C) Script
(D) Coin
Ans : (D)
2. Which one of the following pairs of kings of ancient and medieval periods of Indian history and the works authored by them is correctly matched ?
(A) Krishnadevaraya : Samaranganasutradhra
(B) Mehendravarman : Mattavilasaprahasana
(C) Bhojadeva : Manasollasa
(D) Somesvara : Amuktamalyada
Ans : (B)
3. The founder of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides movement was—
(A) Charles Andrews
(B) Robert Montgomery
(C) Richard Temple
(D) Baden Powell
Ans : (D)
4. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(A) Dharamsastra : Works on religion and philosophy
(B) Chaturvarnya : Four Ashrams
(C) Shudra : Service to three varnas
(D) Mahamatra : Superior Officials
Ans : (B)
5. Chanakya was known as—
(A) Bhattasvamin
(B) Rajasekhara
(C) Vishnugupta
(D) Visakhadatta
Ans : (C)
6. A lot of details regarding the village administration under the Cholas is provided by the inscriptions at—
(A) Thanjavur
(B) Uraiyur
(C) Kanchipuram
(D) Uttaramerur
Ans : (D)
7. In Jainism ‘perfect knowledge’ is referred to as—
(A) Jina
(B) Ratna
(C) Kaivalya
(D) Nirvanas
Ans : (C)
8. Who among the following is NOT associated with medicine in ancient India ?
(A) Dhanvantri
(B) Bhaskaracharya
(C) Charaka
(D) Susruta
Ans : (B)
9. In Mughal paintings one notices the adoption of the principles of foreshortening whereby near and distant people and things could be placed in perspective. This was due to the influence of the—
(A) British
(B) Dutch
(C) Portuguese
(D) Danish
Ans : (C)
10. Ashokan inscriptions were first deciphered by—
(A) Buhler
(B) Robert Sewell
(C) James Prinsep
(D) Codrington
Ans : (C)
11. Among the four works mentioned below which one is encyclopaedic in nature ?
(A) Amarakosa
(B) Siddhantasiromani
(C) Brhat Samhita
(D) Ashtangahrdaya
Ans : (A)
12. Consider the following passage—
In the course of a career on the road spanning almost thirty years, he crossed the breadth of the Eastern hemisphere, visited territories equivalent to about 44 modern countries and put behind him a total distance of approximately 73000 miles.
The world’s greatest traveller of pre-modern times to whom the above passage refers is—
(A) Megasthenes
(B) Fa Hien
(C) Marco Polo
(D) Ibn Battuta
Ans : (C)
13. The first political organisation established in India in 1838 was known as—
(A) British India Society
(B) Bengal British India Society
(C) Settlers Association
(D) Zamindary Association
Ans : (D)
14. The foundation of modern education system in India was laid by—
(A) The Charter Act of 1813
(B) Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835
(C) The Hunter Commission of 1882
(D) Wood’s Despatch of 1854
Ans : (B)
15. Uplift of the backward classes was the main programme of the—
(A) Prarthana Samaj
(B) Satya Shodhak Samaj
(C) Arya Samaj
(D) Ramakrishna Mission
Ans : (B)
16. The Ryotwari settlement was introduced by the British in the—
(A) Bengal Presidency
(B) Madras Presidency
(C) Bombay Presidency
(D) Madras and Bombay Presidencies
Ans : (D)
17. The Buddhist Sect Mahayana formally came into existence during the reign of—
(A) Ajatashatru
(B) Ashoka
(C) Dharmapala
(D) Kanishka
Ans : (D)
18. The last in succession of Jaina Tirthankaras was—
(A) Parsvanatha
(B) Rishabha
(C) Mahavira
(D) Manisubrata
Ans : (C)
19. The earliest rock cut caves in western India are those at—
(A) Nasik, Ellora and Ajanta
(B) Junnar, Kalyan and Pitalkhora
(C) Ajanta, Bhaja and Kondane
(D) Bhaja, Pitalkhora and Kondane
Ans : (A)
20. The name by which Ashoka is generally referred to in his inscriptions is—
(A) Chakravarti
(B) Dharmadeva
(C) Dharmakirti
(D) Priyadarsi
Ans : (D)
21. Which one of the following is a monument constructed by Sher Shah ?
(A) Kila-i-Kuhna mosque at Delhi
(B) Atala Masjid at Jaunpur
(C) Barasona Masjid at Gaur
(D) Quiwwat-al-Islam mosque at Delhi
Ans : (A)
22. Which among the following cities is considered as one of the oldest surviving cities in the world ?
(A) Mathura
(B) Varanasi
(C) Hardwar
(D) Ayodhya
Ans : (A)
23. The earliest evidence of silver in India is found in the—
(A) Harappan culture
(B) Chalcolithic cultures of Western India
(C) Vedic texts
(D) Silver punch marked coins
Ans : (A)
24. Which one of the following is a language of Baluchistan but linguistically Dravidian ?
(A) Brahui
(B) Kui
(C) Parji
(D) Pengo
Ans : (A)
25. Which one of the following is the most fundamental difference between Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism ?
(A) Emphasis on ahimsa
(B) Casteless society
(C) Worship of gods and goddesses
(D) Worship of stupa
Ans : (C)
MCQs on ENVIRONMENT
1.The head quarters of international whaling commission
a) newyork
b) Kyoto
c) perth
d) Cambridge
2)Icreased defoliation in plants is caused by
a) ozone depletion
b) acid rains
c) global warming
d) ground pollution
3) The Himalayan ibex is a type of
a) goat
b) deer
c) ass
d) cattle
4) For providing environmental information to decision makers, policy planners, scientists and engineers, research workers, etc. all over the country., ENVIS was established in the year
a)1979
b)1980
c)1981
d)1982
5) which of the following is not a mission listed under NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CILMATE CHANGE(NAPCC)
a) national mission on sustainable development
b) national mission on enhanced energy efficiency
c) national mission on sustainable Himalayan ecosystem
d) national mission on strategic knowledge for climate change
6) The only conference of parties held in India
a) cop-12
b) cop-13
c) c0p-14
d) c0p-15
7) who wrote the book “hotspots:revisited”
a) walter rosen
b) Norman myers
c) russel mittermeier
d) Rachel Carson
8) The state bird of uttarakhand
a) monal
b) Indian bustard
c) Indian roller
d) sarus crane
9) The year declared by UN as International Year of Forests
a) 2011
b) 2010
c) 2009
d) 2008
10) National biodiversity authority is located a
a) Thiruvananthapuram
b) chennai
c) Imphal
d) shimla
11) The greenhouse gas with high heat trapping capability
a) carbondioxide
b) nitrous oxide
c) sulphur hexa flouride
d) methane
12) Consider the following statements
1) ocean acidification due to global warming activates coral growth
2) global warming may result in increased agricultural yield in certain parts of the earth
The correct statements
a) only 1
b) only 2
c) both 1 and 2
d) neither 1 nor 2
13) The primordial earth’s atmosphere was
a) reducing
b) with free oxygen
c) cooler
d) all of these
14) The number of biosphere reserves in india recognized as a part of world network of biospheres
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
15) Growing rice results in the release of ________ into the atmosphere
a) methane
b) nitrous oxide
c) ozone
d) hydroflurocarbons
16) What is the difference between a threatened species and an endangered species?
(a) A threatened species means that the population is likely to become endangeredAn endangered species has population numbers so low that it is likely to become extinct
(b) A threatened species is already extinct. An endangered species means that the population’s numbers have increased greatly over the last 5 years
(c) A threatened species means that the population is likely to become endangered. An endangered species is already extinct
(d) A threatened species and an endangered species are the same
17) Edge species
(a) decrease biodiversity
(b) only exist in areas that have been altered by humans
(c) require the unique homogenous edge environment
(d) may require conditions found in both of the bordering ecosystems
18) which of the following is a native species of India
a) Two horned rhinoceros
b) rhesus monkey
c) komodo dragon
d) none
19) Which book written by Rachel Carson resulted in banning DDT in USA
a) silent spring
b) the enviraonmentalism
c) biomagnification
d) food chain
20) which of the following competition is severe
a) intra specific
b) inter specific
c) extra specific
d) none
21) The water (prevention and control ) pollution act came into force in the year
a) 1972
b) 1974
c) 1977
d) 1981
22) The conference on 'the human environment" held from 5 to 16 June 1972 was held in ...
a. Stockholm, Sweden
a. Stockholm, Sweden
b. Tbilisi, Soviet Union
c. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
c. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
d. Kyoto, Japan
23) Man and biosphere programme is affiliated with...
a. UNESCO
a. UNESCO
b. IUCN
c. WWF
d.WIPO
24) What does "system" imply in the term "ecosystem"?
a. environment
a. environment
b. Interdependent complex
c. System approach
c. System approach
d. ecological systems
25). The term "ecology" was defined for the first time in 1970 by...
a. Haeckel
b. St. Hilaire
c. Jackson Mivart
d. H. Reiter
26)The "Vienna Convention" related with environment is basically related with..
a. international trade in endangered species
a. international trade in endangered species
b. protection of ozone layer
c. biodiversity conservation
c. biodiversity conservation
d. preservation of cultural environment
27)Which of the following gases has an important role in maintaining atmosphere temperature?
a. nitrogen
a. nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. argon
d. Carbon dioxide
28)The world’s biggest GHG emitter
a.china
b.USA
c.india
d.south Africa
29)The outermost zone of a biosphere reserve is
a. manipulation zone
b. core zone
c. buffer zone
d. any of these
30) Identify the correct match of a tiger reserve and the state in which it is located
a. Corbett—Madhya Pradesh
b. darra—rajasthan
c.perambakulam—karnataka
d. Bandipur—Tamil Nadu.
ANSWERS:
1.d
2 a.
3. a
4.d
5.a
6.a
7.c
8.a
9.a
10.b
11.c
12 b
13 a
14 d
15 a
16 a
17 d
18 d
19 a
20 a
21 b
22 a
23 a
24 b
25 d
26 b
27 d
28 a
29 a
30 b
RESEARCH CENTRES OF ICAR
National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi
National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi
National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur
National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
National Research Centre for Banana, Trichi
National Research Centre Seed Spices, Ajmer
National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur
National Research Centre on Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim
National Research Centre Agroforestry, Jhansi
National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner
National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar
National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad
National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati
National Research Centre on Yak, West Kemang
National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland
National Centre for Agril. Economics & Policy Research, New Delhi
RESEARCH CENTRES
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH- VARANASI, U.P
INDIAN ASSOCIATION FOR CULTIVATION OF SCIENCES- KOLKATA,W.B.
NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LABORATORY-GADANKI THIRUPATHI,A.P.
BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED(BHAVINI)-KALPAKKAM,CHENNAI T.N
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE(NEEERI)-NAGPUR,MAH.
TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT COUNCIL(TIFAC)-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR MUSHROOMS-SOLAN H.P.
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR SORGHUM -HYDERABAD
INDIAN INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL METEOROLOGY-PUNE
INSTITUTE FOR PLASMA RESEARCH-AHMEDABAD
NATIONAL BUREAU OF FISH GENETIC RESOURCES-LUCKNOW
CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR DRYLAND AGRICULTURE-HYDERABAD
SAHA INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS-KOLKATA
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ORCHIDS-PAKYONG,SIKKIM
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY-CHENNAI
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM-DEHRADUN,UTTARAKHAND
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING-DEHRADUN.UTTARAKHAND
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GROUNDNUT-JUNAGARH.GUJARAT
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS-BHUBHANESWAR
NATIONAL BOARD FOR HIGHER MATHEMATICS-MUMBAI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOLOGY-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GEOMAGNETISM-MUMBAI
SEMICONDUCTOR LABORATORY-S.A.S NAGAR,PUNJAB
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ORGANIC FARMING-GHAZIABAD,UP
NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES-KARNAL,HARYANA
CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR BRACKISH WATER AQUACULTURE-CHENNAI
CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE-KOCHI,KERALA
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY-CHENNAI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY-PANAJI,GOA
INDIAN ASSOCIATION FOR CULTIVATION OF SCIENCES- KOLKATA,W.B.
NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LABORATORY-GADANKI THIRUPATHI,A.P.
BHARATIYA NABHIKIYA VIDYUT NIGAM LIMITED(BHAVINI)-KALPAKKAM,CHENNAI T.N
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE(NEEERI)-NAGPUR,MAH.
TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT COUNCIL(TIFAC)-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR MUSHROOMS-SOLAN H.P.
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR SORGHUM -HYDERABAD
INDIAN INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL METEOROLOGY-PUNE
INSTITUTE FOR PLASMA RESEARCH-AHMEDABAD
NATIONAL BUREAU OF FISH GENETIC RESOURCES-LUCKNOW
CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR DRYLAND AGRICULTURE-HYDERABAD
SAHA INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS-KOLKATA
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ORCHIDS-PAKYONG,SIKKIM
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY-CHENNAI
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM-DEHRADUN,UTTARAKHAND
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING-DEHRADUN.UTTARAKHAND
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GROUNDNUT-JUNAGARH.GUJARAT
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS-BHUBHANESWAR
NATIONAL BOARD FOR HIGHER MATHEMATICS-MUMBAI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOLOGY-NEWDELHI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GEOMAGNETISM-MUMBAI
SEMICONDUCTOR LABORATORY-S.A.S NAGAR,PUNJAB
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ORGANIC FARMING-GHAZIABAD,UP
NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES-KARNAL,HARYANA
CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR BRACKISH WATER AQUACULTURE-CHENNAI
CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE-KOCHI,KERALA
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY-CHENNAI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY-PANAJI,GOA
Sunday, July 10, 2011
Branches of science
Aerodynamics: the study of the motion of gas on objects and the forces created
Anatomy: the study of the structure and organization of living thingsAnthropology: the study of human cultures both past and present
Archaeology: the study of the material remains of cultures
Astronomy: the study of celestial objects in the universe
Astrophysics: the study of the physics of the universe
Bacteriology: the study of bacteria in relation to disease
Biochemistry: the study of the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms
Biophysics: the application of theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology
Biology: the science that studies living organisms
Botany: the scientific study of plant life
Chemical Engineering: the application of science, mathematics, and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
Chemistry: the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself
Climatology: the study of climates and investigations of its phenomena and causes
Computer Science: the systematic study of computing systems and computation
Ecology: the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
Electronics: science and technology of electronic phenomena
Engineering: the practical application of science to commerce or industry
Entomology: the study of insects
Environmental Science: the science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
Forestry: the science of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources
Genetics: the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
Geology: the science of the Earth, its structure, and history
Marine Biology: the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems
Mathematics: a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
Medicine: the science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease
Meteorology: study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
Microbiology: the study of microorganisms, including viruses, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes
Mineralogy: the study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals
Molecular Biology: the study of biology at a molecular level
Nuclear Physics: the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom
Neurology: the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders
Oceanography: study of the earth’s oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes
Organic Chemistry: the branch of chemistry dedicated to the study of the structures, synthesis, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds
Ornithology: the study of birds
Paleontology: the study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
Petrology: the geological and chemical study of rocks
Physics: the study of the behavior and properties of matter
Physiology: the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms
Radiology: the branch of medicine dealing with the applications of radiant energy, including x-rays and radioisotopes
Seismology: the study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth
Taxonomy: the science of classification of animals and plants
Thermodynamics: the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes
Zoology: the study of animals
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