Borrowed features of constitution from different countries.

From U.K.	Nominal Head – President (like Queen) Cabinet System of Ministers Post of PM Parliamentary Type of Govt. Bicameral Parliament Lower House more powerful Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House Speaker in Lok Sabha
From U.S.	Written Constitution Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha Fundamental Rights Supreme Court Provision of States Independence of Judiciary and judicial review Preamble
From USSR	Fundamental Duties Five year Plan
From AUSTRALIA	Concurrent list Language of the preamble Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse
From JAPAN	Law on which the Supreme Court function
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY	Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency
From CANADA	Scheme of federation with a strong centre Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre
From IRELAND	Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN) Method of election of President Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President

New states in India created after 1950

Andhra Pradesh	Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act 1953 by carving our some areas from the State of Chennai
Gujarat and Maharashtra	The State of Mumbai was divided into two States i.e. Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Mumbai (Reorganisation) Act 1960
Kerala	Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It comprised Travancor and Cochin areas
Karnataka	Created from the Princely State of Mysuru by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973
Nagaland	It was carved out from the State of Asom by the State of Nagaland Act, 1952
Haryana	It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966
Himachal Pradesh	The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
Meghalaya	First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Asom by 23 Constitutional Amendment Act, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Manipura and Tripura	Both these States were elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Sikkim	Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act 1974. It got the status of a full State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975
Mizoram	It was elevated to the status of a full State by the State of Mizoram Act, 1986
Arunachal Pradesh	It received the status of a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1896
Goa	Goa was separated from the Union-Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu and was made a full-fledged State of Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as Union Territory
Chhattisgarh	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000
Uttarakhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000
Jharkhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Bihar on November 15, 2000

ECONOMIC TERMS

Absolute advantage: A country has an absolute advantage if its output per unit of input of all goods and services produced is higher than that of another country.

Ad valorem taxin Latin: to the value added) - a tax based on the value (or assessed value) of property.

Aggregate demand is the sum of all demand in an economy. This can be computed by adding the expenditure on consumer goods and services, investment, and not exports (total exports minus total imports).

Aggregate supply is the total value of the goods and services produced in a country, plus the value of imported goods less the value of exports.


Alternative minimum tax: An IRS mechanism created to ensure that high-income individuals, corporations, trusts, and estates pay at least some minimum amount of tax, regardless of deductions, credits or exemptions. It operates by adding certain tax-preference items back into adjusted gross income. While it was once only important for a small number of high-income individuals who made extensive use of tax shelters and deductions, more and more people are being affected by it. The AMT is triggered when there are large numbers of personal exemptions on state and local taxes paid, large numbers of miscellaneous itemized deductions or medical expenses, or by Incentive Stock Option (ISO) plans.

Asset: Anything of monetary value that is owned by a person. Assets include real property, personal property, and enforceable claims against others (including bank accounts, stocks, mutual funds, and so on).

Average propensity to consume is the proportion of income the average family spends on goods and services.

Average propensity to save is the proportion of income the average family saves (does not spend on consumption).

Average total cost is the sum of all the production costs divided by the number of units produced.




Balance of trade: The difference in value over a period of time between a country's imports and exports.

Barter system: System where there is an exchange goods without involving money.

Base year: In the construction of an index, the year from which the weights assigned to the different components of the index is drawn. It is conventional to set the value of an index in its base year equal to 100.

Bear: An investor with a pessimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to fall and so sells now in order to buy later at a lower price

Bid price: The highest price an investor is willing to pay for a stock.

Bill of exchange: A written, dated, and signed three-party instrument containing an unconditional order by a drawer that directs a drawee to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date. Also known as a draft. It is the most commonly used financial instrument in international trade.

Birth rate: The number of births in a year per 1,000 population.

Bond: A certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal.

Boom: A state of economic prosperity

Break even: This is a term used to describe a point at which revenues equal costs (fixed and variable).

Bretton Woods: An international monetary system operating from 1946-1973. The value of the dollar was fixed in terms of gold, and every other country held its currency at a fixed exchange rate against the dollar; when trade deficits occurred, the central bank of the deficit country financed the deficit with its reserves of international currencies. The Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard.

Budget: A summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them. A budget can provide guidelines for managing future investments and expenses.

Budget deficit is the amount by which government spending exceeds government revenues during a specified period of time usually a year.

Bull: An investor with an optimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to rise and so buys now for resale later

GEOGRAPHY TERMS

ANTIPODES	A region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.
ANTICYCLONES	Winds which blow outward from the center.
APHELION	Position of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.
ARCHIPELAGO	A cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.
ATOLL	Coral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.
AXIS	An imaginary line joining north and south poles.
AVALANCHE	A vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.
BIOSPHERE	Animate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.
CANYON	A deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.
CONTINENTAL SHELF	Land adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.
CYCLONES	A low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.
CROP ROTATION	Growing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.
DATE LINE	An imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.
DELTA	Alluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.
DEW	Condensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.
DRY FARMING	Growing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.
EQUATOR	An imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.
EQUINOXES	The day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.
EROSION	Wearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.
ECLIPSE	When one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.
FOG	When the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.
FROST	When the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.
HIGH SEAS	The parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.
ICEBERG	Huge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.
ISOBARS	Lines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.
ISOTHERMS	Lines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.
ISTHMUS	Narrow neck of land joining two land areas.
KUNDAN	Anew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.
LAGOON	A shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.
LIGHT YEAR	The distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.
LOCAL TIME	Time calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.
MERIDIAN	Imaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.
MIST	It is just like fog but contain more moisture.
OASIS	A part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.
ORBIT	The path of the heavenly bodies.
PYGMALLION POINT	The southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.
PRAIRIES	Smooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.
REEF	Jutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.
SAVANNA	Land covered with natural grass.
SIDEREAL DAY	Time taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.
SNOW LINE	Altitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.
SPRING TIDES	Higher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.
NEAP TIDES	Tides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.
TORNADO	A brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.
TUNDRAS	Peripheral area of Arctic ocean.
TYCOON	Violent hurricane in China Sea.
WEATHER SATELLITE	Artificial satellite designed to forecast weather.
WESTERLIES	Constant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.

FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

Bones :	The largest bones is the femur, or thigh bone which is 20 inches in a six-foot tall man. The smallest bone is the stirrup in the ear, which is one-tenth of an inch. Each had has 27 bones : eight in the wrist, five in the palm, and 14 in the fingers. A newborn baby has 300 bones, some of which fuse to form in the adult.
Blood :	In a child, there are 60,000 miles of blood vessels. An adult has 100,000 miles of blood vessels. The blood circulates through the body 1,000 times a day.
Brain :	A newborn baby has a brain that weights three ounces. The average brain of an adult weighs three pounds. The brains is the "mission control center" of the body, sending our messages at a rate of 240 miles per hour. The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.
Cells :	The cells are the body's building blocks. There are about 26 billion cells in an adult.
Eyes :	Each eye weighs 1 1/4 ounces. The eyes are constantly in motion, even during sleep. Tears keep the eyes warm and are continually secreted through 12 ducts in the eye. Tears are normally secreted through two canals near the inner corner of the eyes.
Fluid :	The body is two-thirds water. Blood is 83% water, muscles are 75% water, the brain 74% water, and the bones contain 22% water. In a single day, three pints of saliva are produced in the mouth.
Hair :	Kids have about 75,000 hairs on their heads, which grow about 1/100 of an inch daily. Hairs of different colors grow at different rates. Dark hair grows faster than light-colored hair. No one known why. Each hair on the scalp grows about five inches a year. Eyelashes keep dust out of the eyes. Aneyelash lives about 150 days before it falls out and is replaced.
Muscles :	There are over 650 muscles in the body, form the tiny ones that move the legs. The strongest muscle is the masseter muscle of the jaw. It takes at least 14 muscles to smile. The smallest in the body is located in the middle ear. Fingers have no muscles.
Nails :	Nails are made up of hardened skin called kertain. Nails protect the ends of the fingers and toes. The half-moon at the root of the nail is called the lunule. Nails grow faster in summer than in winter. Fingernails grow fourtimes faster than toenails. Right - handed people's nails grow faster in their right hands. Left-handed people's nails grow faster on their left hand.
Nose :	More than 2,500 gallons of air flow through the average adult's nose in a day. The nose can recognize up to 1,000 different smells. The nose is the air conditioning unit of the body. It cools or warms incoming air. It also filters the dirt and dust in the air.
Skin :	The human body has six pounds of skin which is, on average, 1/20 of an inch thick. The two layers of skin are the epidermins and under it, the dermis. The skin is waterproof, it protects the body and helps to regulate body temperature. A substance called melanin colors the skin the more melanin, the darker the skin. A freckle is a dense concentration of melanin. A new layer of skin replaces the old layer approximately every 27 days, totalling about 1,000 new outer layers of skin a lifetime.
teeth :	Humans have 20 primary Baby teeth and 32 permanent teeth. By age 13 most people have 28 teeth. By age 18 the four "wisdom" teeth have grown in for a total of 32 permanent teeth.

Airlines of the world

	Airline	Country
01	B.O.A.C.	ENGLAND
02	Air France	FRANCE
03	Lufthansa German Airlines	W.GERMANY
04	Pan American World Airways System	U.S.A.
05	Trans-world Airways	U.S.A.
06	Aero-flot	U.S.S.R.
07	Alitalia	ITALY
08	Quantas Empire Airways	AUSTRALIA
09	Air-India	INDIA
10	Sabena	BELGIUM
11	Arana Afghan Airlines	AFGHANISTAN
12	Cathay Pacific	HONGKONG
13	Finnair	FINLAND
14	Iberia	SPAIN
15	Japan Airlines	JAPAN
16	Garuda Airways	INDONESIA
17	KLM Royal Dutch	NETHERLANDS
18	Bruathens	NORWAY
19	Scandinavian Airlines System	NORWAY
20	Swissair	SWITZERLAND
21	Pakistan International Airlines	PAKISTAN
22	Royal Nepal Airlines	NEPAL
23	Air-Ceylon	SRI LANKA
24	Thai Airways International	THAILAND

Space Research in India

The first Indian-developed rocket was Rohini-RH 75. It was launched from the Thumba equatoria rocket Launching Station (Kerala) in 1967.Its purpose was to conduct meteorological experiments.

For carrying out experiments on the celestial x-ray sources a centaure rocket was successfully launched from the Thumba Station (in Kerala) in 1968
Sriharikota Range (SHAR) : It is the second rocket launching station set up at Sriharikota Island in Nellor District of Andhra Pradesh. It serves as a rocket launching base and is used for testing rockets developed at the Science and Technology Centre at Thumba.
The first satellite of India named Aryabhatt (weight 360 kg.) was launched from Russia in 1975 by means of a Russian rocket. India's second Satellite, Bhaskara-I was launched in 1979. Bhaskara-II was launched in 1981.
SLV-3 : The main objective of the SLV-3 project (Satellite Launch Vehicle Project) was to gain experience in the design, development and launching of vehicles capable of placing scientific and experimental satellites in near earth orbits.
Rohini-I (RS-I,weight 35 kg.) : the first Indian satellite put into a near-earth orbit successfully from SHAR in 1980 by the second experimental Launching of SLV-3.
Rohini-II (RS-II,weight 35 kg.) : was injected from SHAR by the SLV-3 rocket on its first developmental flight in 1981. It was originally designed to live for 300 days but met its premature end after nine days due to its unexpectedly low orbit.
APPLE (Ariane PassengerPayload Experiment) : It is India's first geostationary experimental communication satellite which was put into an elliptical orbit in 1981 from French Guyana by Ariane rocket of European space Agency (ESA).
INSAT-I(Indian National Satellite-I) : It is a series of geostationary satellites planned by India. The INSAT-I satellites are designed to meet the telecommunication, telecasting, radiobroadcasting and meteorological requirements of India. All of them are designed for a life span of seven years.
INSAT-IA : the first satellite of the series Launched in 1982 was switched off after 150 days due to malfunctioning.
INSAT-IB : was launched in 1983 from the US space shuttle "Challenger". Its functions are : whether surveillance and beaming of telephone calls and television across India. Weather monitoring including advance warning of floods and cyclones is rendered possible through its meteorological payloads.
ANURADHA : It is an Indian instrument which was taken into orbit (and retrieved succesfully) by the US space shuttle "Challenger" in 1985. The experiment was designed to study particles coming from outer space, mainly to understand where they come from. These particles are ions of helium and oxygen with low energies.
Experimental Satellite Communications Earth Station : India's first station was set up at Arvi near Pune.
The second such station was commissioned in 1977 at Dehra Dun (U.P.). It is mean to improve substantially the country's overseas telecommunication facilities.
Indo-Soviet joint space flight : Squadron leader Rakesh Sharma became India's first man in space on April 3, 1984, when he was launched aboard Soyuz T-11 spaceship from the U.S.S.R. along with two Soviet cosmonants. India is the 14th nation to have sent its citizen into space.

Electronics and Computers Questions

1	The unit of frequency is	Hertz
2	The unit of resistance is	Ohm
3	The device which makes or breaks a circuit is	Switch
4	The path of an electric current is known as a	Circuit
5	Device which opposes the flow of electric current is known as	Resistor
6	Arc Lamp was invented by	C.F.Brush
7	Television was invented by	J.L.Baird
8	Transistor was invented by	J.Bardeen,W.Shockley and W.Brattain
9	The unit of wavelength of light is	Angstrom
10	A device which converts light into electricity is known as	Photo cell
11	Hertz was the first to discover	Radio waves
12	Marconi invented	Radio
13	In 1901,Marconi beamed a signal from Cornwall in England to	Newfoundland
14	Thomas Edison was an	American inventor
15	A glass tube with two electrodes is called a	Diode
16	Lee de Forest was an	American scientist
17	Lee de Forest discovered the	Triode
18	Radio and television transmit signals using	Electromagnetic waves
19	To turn pictures into electrical signals,television Cameras rely on	Photo-electric effect
20	Transistor was invented in the year	1948
21	The first electronic components invented were the	Thermionic valves
22	Microchip was invented in the year	1958
23	Microchip was invented by	Jack Kilby
24	The microchip invented first was also the first	Integrated circuit
25	Silicon and germanium are ideal examples of	Semi conductors
26	LED stands for	Light Emitting Diode
27	The first computer was invented in the year	1834
28	The first computer was invented by	Charles Babbage
29	The first computer invented was called	Analytical Engine
30	In the present day electronic machines,computers function as	Artificial brains
31	CAD means	Computer Aided Design
32	CPU stands for	Central Processing Unit
33	RAM stands for	Random Access Memory
34	J.J. Thomson was a	British physicist
35	In 1897,J.J.Thomson discovered	Electrons
36	A device used for increasing the strength of electric signal is called	Amplifier
37	The height of a wave is called	Amplitude
38	An electron carries a charge	Negative
39	In a transistor,a base is the	Filling in the semiconductor sandwich
40	The tube behind the screen in TVs and most computers is called	Cathode Ray Tube
41	The force which makes an electric current is called	Electromotive Force
42	Device used for measuring small amounts of electric current is called	Galvanometer
43	Sound too low to be heard by humans is called	Infrasound
44	VDU stands for	Visual Display Unit
45	One kilobyte is approximately	1000 bytes
46	DOS stands for	Disk Operating System
47	WORD STAR is a popular	Word processing programme
48	WORD STAR was developed by	Micro pro Company
49	PC stands for	Personal Computer
50	ALU stands for	Arithmetic Logic Unit
51	The VDU and Keyboard together form a	TERMINAL
52	The speed of the dot matrix printers is measured by CPS which stands for	characters per second
53	The speed of the line printers is measured by LPM which stands for	Lines per second
54	DBMS stands for	Database Management System
55	IBM is a famous computer company.IBM stands for	International Business Machines Corporation
56	ROM stands for	Read Only Memory
57	The actual machine of the computer is commonly known as	Hardware
58	The programs run on the computer are commonly known as	Software
59	All the output which is printed on paper is called	Hard Copy
60	The number of pixels on a computer screen determines a screes's	Resolution
61	A processor's speed is measured in	Megahertz
62	A software that assists the computer in performing instructions,is called as	system software
63	CAM stands for	Computer Aided Manufacturing
64	DPI stands for	Dots per Inch
65	DTP stands for	Desk Top Publishing
66	EPROM stands for	erasable and Programmable Read only Memory
67	A magnetic storage disk made out of a thin piece of plastic is called	Floppy Disk
68	A pictorial representation of the step by step sequence for solving a problem is known as a	Flow Chart
69	A measure of storage capacity equal to one thousand megabytes is one	Gigabyte
70	A variable whose value is accessible throughout the program is called	Global Variable
71	A huge,worldwide network of computers that communicate with each other,allowing global communications between users is known popularly known as	Internet
72	KB stands for	Kilobyte
73	LAN stands for	Local Area Network
74	A printer which uses light to transfer the image to paper is the	Laser Printer
75	Memory which retains all its contents even after the power is turned off is known as	Non-Volatile Memory
76	The result that is generated by the computer after processing the information provided to it is known as	Output
77	Electronic mail is more popularly known as	E-Mail
78	PILOT stands for	Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching
79	PILOT was developed by	Doug Engelbardt
80	IQL stands for	Interactive Query Language
81	LOGO was developed by	Dr.seymour Papert
82	CAL stands for	Computer Assisted Learning
83	APT stands for	Automatically Programmed Tooling
84	`C'language was invented by	Dennis M.Ritchie
85	Modula-2 was developed by	Niklaus Wirth
86	Terminals that have their own memory are called	Smart terminals
87	The memory that needs electric power to sustain its contents is known as	Volatile Memory
88	MOS stands for	Metallic Oxide Semiconductors
89	Dvorak key board was designed by	August Dvorak
90	A simple device which functions as a simpler alternative to the keyboard is the	Mouse
91	Automatic drawing input device is called	Scanner
92	In the second generation computers,magnetic cores were used as	Main Memory Devices
93	LCD stands for	Liquid Crystal Display
94	RADAR stands for	Radio Detection and Ranging
95	RADAR works on the principle of	Echo
96	software-in-Hardware modules are called	Firmware
97	A device by which any microcomputer can use ordinary television set for producing output is called	RF modulator
98	EDSAC stands for	Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer
99	EDVAC stands for	Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
100	EDSAC was developed in the year	1949

Cabinet Secretaries Since 1950

Cabinet Secretary	From	To
Shri. N.R.Pillai	06-02-1950	13-05-1953
Shri. Y.N.Sukthankar	14-05-1953	31-07-1957
Shri. M.K.Vellodi	01-08-1957	04-06-1958
Shri. Vishnu Sahay	01-07-1958	10-11-1960
Shri. B.N.Jha	10-11-1960	08-03-1961
Shri. Vishnu Sahay	09-03-1961	15-04-1962
Shri. S.S.Khera	15-04-1962	18-11-1964
Shri. Dharam Vira	18-11-1964	27-06-1966
Shri. D.S.Joshi	27-06-1966	31-12-1968
Shri. B.Sivaraman	01-01-1969	30-11-1970
Shri. T.Swaminathan	01-12-1970	02-11-1972
Shri. B.D.Pande	02-11-1972	31-03-1977
Shri. N.K.Mukarji	31-03-1977	31-03-1980
Shri. S.S.Grewal	02-04-1980	30-04-1981
Shri. C.R.Krishnaswamy Rao	30-04-1981	08-02-1985
Shri. P.K.Kaul	08-02-1985	22-08-1986
Shri. B.G.Deshmukh	23-08-1986	27-03-1989
Shri. T.N.Seshan	27-03-1989	23-12-1989
Shri. V.C.Pande	23-12-1989	11-12-1990
Shri. Naresh Chandra	11-12-1990	31-07-1992
Shri. S.Rajgopal	01-08-1992	31-07-1993
Shri. Zafar Saifullah	31-07-1993	31-07-1994
Shri. Surendra Singh	01-08-1994	31-07-1996
Shri. T.S.R.Subramaniam	01-08-1996	31-03-1998
Shri. Prabhat Kumar	01-04-1998	31-10-2000
Shri. T.R. Prasad	01-11-2000	31-10-2002
Shri. Kamal Pande	01-11-2002	14-06-2004
Shri. B. K. Chaturvedi	14-06-2004	13-06-2007
Shri. K. M. Chandrasekhar	14-06-2007	13-06-2011
Shri. Ajit Kumar Seth	14-06-2011	Till date

GENERAL AWARENESS PRACTICE MCQs

1. The Union Public Service Commission was created by? 
1) Presidential Order of 1952
2) The Constitution
3) The Civil Services Act 1951
4) Parliaments Act in 1952

2. The power to decide an election petition is vested in the?
1) Parliament
2) Supreme Court
3) High Courts
4) Election Commission

3. The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir came into force on?
1) 26 January 1951
2) 26 January 1957
3) 26 January 1958
4) 26 January 1959

4. According to the Citizenship Act, 1955, Indian Citizenship cannot be aquired by?
1) Children born of Indian Citizens abroad
2) Children of diplomatic personnel born in India on or after 26 th January, 1950
3) Women who is or has been, married to a citizen of India
4) Persons of Indian origin who are ordinarily resident in any country or place out side divided India

5. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Indian Judiciary?
1) It is free and independent
2) It is the final interpreter of the Constitution
3) It is the highest law-making body
4) It is a single integrated system

6. The Union Territories are admini stered by?
1) The Prime Minister of India
2) The President through the administrators appointed by him
3) The Union Executive
4) The Prime Minister

7. The office of the Prime Minister of India?
1) has a constitutional basis
2) has a statutory basis
3) has a conventional basis
4) None of the above

8. In India the President enjoys?
1) all the power
2) only nominal powers
3) most of the powers
4) more powers than the Prime Minister

9. The Directive Principles of State Policy cover Articles?
1) 29 to 50
2) 36-50-A
3) 29-51
4) 36-51

10. Fundamental Duties were introduced in the constitution by the?
1) 42nd Amendment
2) 40th Amendment
3) 43rd Amendment
4) 44th Amendment

11. What is a writ of Quo Warranto?
1) It is a writ from a superior court commanding some officer or parti- cular authority to do a specific act
2) It is an order from a higher court to stop proceedings in a certain case
3) An order To produce the body of a person
4) It is an order from the superior court to any official to show his right to the office

12. The structure of the Indian Constitution is?
1) Federal in form and Unitary in spirit
2) Unitary
3) Rigid
4) Purely Federal

13. National income of a country is also Known as?
1) Gross National Product
2) Gross Domestic Product
3) Net National Product
4) Net Domestic Product

14. The largest revenue source in India is?
1) Railways
2) Excise Duty
3) Sales Tax
4) Direct Taxes

15. The Indian budget includes?
1) budget estimates for the following year
2) actual figures of the preceding year
3) revised estimates for the current year
4) all of these

16. Banks create credit?
1) according to certain rules
2) on the basis of their securities
3) on the basis of their reserves with the Central Bank
4) on the basis of each deposit with them

17. In which Industry in India are the maximum workers employed?
1) Sugar
2) Textiles
3) Jute
4) Iron and Steel

18. Which one of the following is not a measure initiated under land reforms?
1) Social ownership of land
2) Security of tenure for tenants
3) Ownership rights for tenants
4) Ceiling on land holdings

19. The biggest public sector under-taking in India is?
1) Life Insurance Corporation of India
2) Hindustan Steel
3) Indian Railways
4) Indian Oil Corporation

20. An irrigation project is described as major if it covers a minimum?
1) 10,000 hectares
2) 1000 hectares
3) 2,000 hectares
4) 20,000 hectares

21. The first country-wide agricultural census was taken in India in the year?
1) 1960-61
2) 1970-71
3) 1976-77
4) 1921-22

22. Our Five-year Plans are planned towards the country becoming?
1) rich
2) industrially developed
3) a developed society
4) self-sufficient

23. Socialistic Pattern comes through?
1) Free economy
2) Mixed Economy
3) Public Sector
4) None of these

24. Economic development has been retarded in India mainly due to?
1) inefficient agrarian system
2) haphazard industrialisation
3) westernised social attitude
4) all the above

25. What is the nature of the Planning Commission?
1) Government department
2) Advisory body
3) Autonomous Corporation
4) A Ministry

26. Which of the following is in correct?
1) 1951-56 First Five Year Plan
2) 1956-61 Second Five Year Plan
3) 1961-66 Third Five Year Plan
4) 1966-71 Fourth Five Year Plan

27. Export earnings under the group Handicrafts comes mainly from?
1) Sandalwood works
2) Brass works
3) Precious stones and Pearls
4) Pottery and ivory works

28. The Indian Trade Policy is best described as?
1) Control of all trade
2) Control of foreign trade
3) Free trade
4) Control of exports

29. In an underdeveloped country the poverty line is most affected by?
1) Price level 
2) Volume of production
3) Per capita income
4) None of the above

30. Temporary tax levied to obtain additional revenue is called?
1) cess
2) rate
3) fee
4) surcharge

31. In an economy of steadily increasing prices, who will benefit the most?
1) Salaried employees
2) Businessmen
3) Creditors
4) Debtors

32. The highest savings in India is recorded by?
1) Public sector
2) Co-operative sector
3) Banking sector
4) House hold sector

33. The cause of inflation is?
1) increase in money supply
2) fall in production
3) increase in money supply and fall in production
4) decrease in money supply and fall in production

34. The most important nationalist organization (all India) before the Congress was?
1) The Indian Association of Calcutta
2) The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
3) The East India Association
4) The Bombay Presidency Association

35. Which of the following played a very important role in disseminating nationalist ideas all over India?
1) The English language
2) Literature
3) Patriotic poetry
4) The press

36. The Indian National Congress was formed during the Governor-Generalship of?
1) Lord Rippon
2) Lord William Bentinck
3) Lord Dufferin
4) Lord Curzon

37. The Minto-Morley Reforms which were passed in 1909?
1) established a constitution-making body
2) enlarged the central and the provincial legislative councils
3) made the executive council of the Governor - General purely English in composition
4) decreased the number of the provinicial and central legislative members

38. When was the Non-cooperation Movement suspended?
1) 1922
2) 1920
3) 1941
 4) 1942

39. In which year did the Indian National Congress declare attainment of complete independence as its goal?
1) 1941
2) 1931
3) 1929
4) 1939

ANSWERS:

1) 2 2) 3 3) 2 4) 4 5) 3 6) 2 7) 1 8) 2 9) 4 10) 1
11) 4 12) 1 13) 3 14) 2 15) 4 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 3 20) 1
21) 2 22) 4 23) 2 24) 1 25) 2 26) 4 27) 3 28) 2 29) 1 30) 4
31) 4 32) 4 33) 3 34) 1 35) 4 36) 3 37) 2 38) 1 39) 3