World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2015

A
Afghanistan : Capital - Kabul; President - Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
Albania : Capital - Tirana; President - Bujar Nishani; Prime Minister - Edi Rama
Algeria : Capital - Algiers; President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika; Prime Minister - (Acting) Youcef Yousfi
Angola : Capital - Luanda; President - Jose Eduardo Dos Santos
Antigua and Barbuda : Capital - St. John's; Governor General-Louise Agnetha Lake-Tack, Prime Minister - Baldwin Spencer
Argentina : Capital - Buenos Aires; President - Cristina Fernandez De Kirchner
Armenia : Capital - Yerevan; President - Serzh Sargsian; Prime Minister - Tigran Sargsian
Aruba : Capital - Oranjestad; Governor-Fredis Refunjol; Prime Minister - Michiel Godfried Eman
Australia : Capital - Canberra; Governor General-Quentin Alice Louise Bryce; Prime Minister - Tony Abbott
Austria : Capital - Vienna; President - Heinz Fischer; Chancellor-Werner Faymann
Azerbaijan : Capital - Baku; President - Ilham Aliyev; Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade

B
Bahamas, The : Capital - Nassau; Governor General-Arthur Foulkes; Prime Minister - Perry Gladstone Christie
Bahrain : Capital - Manama; King-Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa; Prime Minister - Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh : Capital - Dhaka; President - Abdul Hamid; Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina
Barbados : Capital - Bridgetown; Governor General-Elliot Belgrave; Prime Minister - Freundel Stuart
Belarus : Capital - Minsk; President - Aleksandr Lukashenko; Prime Minister - Mikhail Myasnikovich
Belgium : Capital - City of Brussels; King-Philippe; Prime Minister - Charles Michel
Belize : Capital - Belmopan; Governor General-Sir Colville Young; Prime Minister - Dean Oliver Barrow
Benin : Capital - Porto-Novo; President - Thomas Boni Yayi; Prime Minister - Pascal Koupaki
Bhutan - NDE : Capital - Thimphu; King-Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck; Prime Minister-Tshering Tobgay
Bolivia : Capital - Sucre; President - Juan Evo Morales Ayma
Botswana : Capital - Gaborone; President - Seretse Khama Ian Khama
Brazil : Capital - Brasília; President - Dilma Rousseff
Brunei : Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan; Sultan-Sir Hassanal Bolkiah; Prime Minister - Sir Hassanal Bolkiah 
Bulgaria : Capital - Sofia; President - Rosen Plevneliev; Prime Minister - Plamen Oresharski
Burkina Faso : Capital - Ouagadougou; President - Blaise Compaore; Prime Minister - Yacouba Isaac Zida
Burundi : Capital - Bujumbura; President - Pierre Nkurunziza

C
Cabo Verde : Capital - Praia; President - Jorge Carlos De Almeida Fonseca; Prime Minister - Jose Maria Pereira Neves
Cambodia : Capital - Phnom Penh; King-Norodom Sihamoni; Prime Minister - Hun Sen
Cameroon : Capital - Yaoundé; President - Paul Biya; Prime Minister - Philemon Yang
Canada : Ottawa; Governor General-David Johnston; Prime Minister - Stephen Joseph Harper
Central African Republic : Capital - Bangui; President - Michel Am-Nondroko Djotodia; Prime Minister - Mahamat Kamoun
Chad : Capital - N'djamena; President - Idriss Deby Itno; Prime Minister - Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet
Chile : Capital - Santiago; President - Michelle Bachelet
China : Capital - Beijing; President - Xi Jinping; Prime Minister - Li Keqiang
Colombia : Capital - Bogotá; President - Juan Manuel Santos
Comoros : Capital - Moroni; President: Ikililou Dhoinine
Congo, Democratic Republic of The : Capital - Kinshasa; President - Joseph Kabila; Prime Minister - Augustin Matata Ponyo Mapon
Congo, Republic of The : Capital - Brazzaville; President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso
Cook Islands : Capital - Avarua; Prime Minister - Henry Puna
Costa Rica : Capital - San José; President - Luis Guillermo Solís
Cote D'ivoire : Capital - Yamoussoukro; President - Alassane Dramane Ouattara; Prime minister: Daniel Kablan Duncan
Croatia : Capital - Zagreb; President - Ivo Josipovic; Prime Minister - Zoran Milanovic
Cuba - NDE : Capital - Havana; President - General Raul Modesto Castro Ruz; Prime minister: Raúl Castro
Cyprus : Capital - Nicosia; President - Nikos Anastasiadis
Czech Republic : Capital - Prague; President - Milos Zeman; Prime Minister - Bohuslav Sobotka

D
Denmark : Capital - Copenhagen; Queen-Margrethe II; Prime Minister - Helle Thorning-Schmidt
Djibouti : Capital - Djibouti; President - Ismail Omar Guelleh; Prime Minister - Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Dominica : Capital - Roseau; President - Charles Savarin; Prime Minister - Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic : Capital - Santo Domingo; President - Danilo Medina Sanchez

E
Ecuador : Capital - Quito; President - Rafael Correa Delgado
Egypt : Capital - Cairo - President - Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi; Prime Minister - Ibrahim Mehlab
El Salvador : Capital - San Salvador; President - Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena
Equatorial Guinea : Capital - Malabo; President - Brig. General Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo; Prime minister: Vicente Ehate Tomi
Eritrea : Capital - Asmara; President - Isaias Afworki
Estonia : Capital - Tallinn; President - Toomas Hendrik Ilves; Prime Minister - Taavi Roivas
Ethiopia : Capital - Addis Ababa; President - Mulatu Teshome; Prime Minister - Hailemariam Desalegn

F
Fiji : Capital - Suva; President - Epeli Nailatikau; Prime Minister - Frank Bainimarama
Finland : Capital - Helsinki; President - Sauli Niinisto; Prime Minister - Jyrki Tapani Katainen
France : Capital - Paris; President - Francois Hollande; Prime Minister - Manuel Valls

G
Gabon : Capital - Libreville; President - Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba; Prime Minister - Frank Bainimarama
Gambia, The : Capital - Banjul; President - Yahya Jammeh
Georgia : Capital - Tbilisi; President - Giorgi Margvelashvili; Prime Minister - Irakli Garibashvili
Germany : Capital - Berlin - Fed. President - Joachim Gauck; Chancellor-Angela Merkel
Ghana : Capital - Accra; President - John Dramani Mahama
Greece : Capital - Athens; President - Karolos Papoulias; Prime Minister - Antonios Samaras
Grenada : Capital - St. George's; Governor General-Cecile La Grenade; Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell
Guatemala : Capital - Guatemala City; President - Otto Fernando Perez Molina
Guinea : Capital - Conakry; President - Alpha Conde; Prime Minister - Mohamed Said Fofana
Guinea-Bissau : Capital - Bissau; President - José Mário Vaz; Prime Minister - Domingos Simões Pereira
Guyana : Capital - Georgetown; President - Donald Ramotar; Prime Minister - Sam Hinds

H
Haiti : Capital - Port-Au-Prince; President - Michel Martelly; Prime Minister - Laurent Lamothe
Honduras : Capital - Tegucigalpa; President - Juan Orlando Hernandez Alvarado
Hungary : Capital - Budapest; President - Janos Ader; Prime Minister - Viktor Orban

I
Iceland : Capital - Reykjavik; President - Olafur Ragnar Grimsson; Prime Minister - Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson
India : Capital - New Delhi; President - Pranab Mukherjee; Prime Minister - Narendra Modi
Indonesia : Capital - Jakarta; President - Joko Widodo
Iran - NDE : Capital - Tehran; President - Hasan Fereidun Ruhani; President : Hassan Rouhani
Iraq : Capital - Baghdad; Supreme Leader-Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei; President - Fuad Masum; Prime Minister - Haider al-Abadi
Ireland : Capital - Dublin; President - Michael Daniel Higgins; Prime Minister - Enda Kenny
Israel : Capital - Jerusalem; President - Reuven Rivlin; Prime Minister - Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu
Italy : Capital - Rome; President - Giorgio Napolitano; Prime Minister - Matteo Renzi

J
Jamaica : Capital - Kingston; Governor General-Patrick Linton Allen; Prime Minister - Portia Simpson-Miller
Japan : Capital - Tokyo; Emperor-Akihito; Prime Minister - Shinzo Abe
Jordan : Capital - Amman; King-Abdallah II; Prime Minister - Abdullah Nsour

K
Kazakhstan : Capital - Astana; President - Nursultan Nazarbayev; Prime Minister - Serik Akhmetov
Kenya : Capital - Nairobi; President - Uhuru Kenyatta
Kiribati : Capital - South Tarawa; President - Anote Tong
North, South NDE : Capital - Pyongyang;  Supreme leader: Kim Jong-un
Korea, South : Capital - Seoul; President - Park Geun-Hye; Prime Minister - Chung Hong-Won
Kosovo : Capital - Pristina; President - Atifete Jahjaga; Prime Minister - Hashim Thaci
Kuwait : Capital - Kuwait City; Amir-Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah; Prime Minister - Jabir Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan : Capital - Bishkek; President - Almazbek Atambaev; Prime Minister - Joomart Otorbaev

L
Laos : Capital - Vientiane President - Lt. General Choummali Saignason; Prime Minister - Thongsing Thammavong
Latvia : Capital - Riga; President - Andris Berzins; Prime Minister - Laimdota Straujuma
Lebanon : Capital - Beirut; President - Michel Sulayman; Prime Minister - Tamam Salam
Lesotho : Capital - Maseru; King-Letsie III; Prime Minister - Thomas Motsoahae Thabane
Liberia : Capital - Monrovia; President - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Libya : Capital - Tripoli; President - Nuri Abu Sahmayn; Prime Minister - Abdullah al-Thani
Liechtenstein : Capital - Vaduz; Head of State-Prince Hans Adam II; Prime Minister - Klaus Tschuetscher
Lithuania : Capital - Vilnius; President - Dalia Grybauskaite; Prime Minister - Algirdas Butkevicius
Luxembourg : Capital - Luxembourg; Grand Duke-Henri; Prime Minister - Xavier Bettel

M
Macedonia : Capital - Skopje; President - Gjorge Ivanov; Prime Minister - Nikola Gruevski
Madagascar : Capital - Antananarivo; President - Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoari
Malawi : Capital - Lilongwe; President - Peter Mutharika
Malaysia : Capital - Kuala Lumpur; King-Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah; Prime Minister - Najib Razak
Maldives : Capital - Malé; President - Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom
Mali : Capital - Bamako; President - Ibrahim Boubacar Keita; Prime Minister - Modibo Keita
Malta : Capital - Valletta; President - Marie Louise Coleiro Preca; Prime Minister - Joseph Muscat
Marshall Islands : Capital - Majuro; President - Christopher Jorebon Loeak
Mauritania : Capital - Nouakchott; President - Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz; Prime Minister - Yahya Ould Hademine
Mauritius : Capital - Port Louis; President - Rajkeswur Kailash Purryag; Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth
Mexico : Capital - Mexico City; President - Enrique Pena Nieto
Micronesia, Federated States of : Capital - Palikir; President - Emanuel "Manny" Mori 
Moldova : Capital - ChișInău; President - Nicolae Timofti; Prime Minister - Iurie Leanca
Mongolia : Capital - Ulan Bator; President - Tsakhia Elbegdorj; Prime Minister - Chimed Saikhanbileg
Montenegro : Capital - Podgorica; President - Filip Vujanovic; Prime Minister - Milo Djukanovic
Morocco : Capital - Rabat; King-Mohammed VI; Prime Minister - Abdelillah Benkirane
Mozambique : Capital - Maputo; President - Armando Emilio Guebuza; Prime Minister - Alberto VaquinaMyanmar : Capital - Naypyidaw; President - Thein Sein
N
Namibia : Capital - Windhoek; President - Hifikepunye Pohamba; Prime Minister - Hage Geingob
Nauru : Capital - Yaren District; President - Baron Divavesi Waqa
Nepal : Capital - Kathmandu; President - Dr. Ram Baran Yadav; Prime Minister: Sushil Koirala
Netherlands : Capital - Amsterdam; King-Willem-Alexander; Prime Minister - Mark Rutte
New Zealand : Capital - Wellington; Governor General-Jeremiah Mateparae; Prime Minister - John Phillip Key
Nicaragua : Capital - Managua; President - Daniel Ortega Saavedra 
Niger : Capital - Niamey; President - Issoufou Mahamadou; Prime Minister - Brigi Rafini
Nigeria : Capital - Abuja; President - Goodluck Jonathan
Norway : Capital - Oslo; King-Harald V; Prime Minister - Erna Solberg

O
Oman : Capital - Muscat; Sultan-Qaboos bin Said Al Said; Prime Minister - Qaboos Bin Said Al Said

P
Pakistan : Capital - Islamabad; President - Mamnoon Hussain; Prime Minister - Mohammad Nawaz Sharif
Palau : Capital - Melekeok; President - Jr. Thomas Esang Remengesau, 
Panama : Capital - Panama City; President - Juan Carlos Varela
Papua New Guinea : Capital - Port Moresby; Governor General-Michael Ogio; Prime Minister - Peter Paire O'neill
Paraguay : Capital - Asunción; President - Horacio Cartes Jara
Peru : Capital - Lima; President - Ollanta Moises Humala Tasso; Prime Minister - Rene Cornejo Diaz
Philippines : Capital - Manila; President - Benigno Aquino III
Poland : Capital - Warsaw; President - Bronislaw Komorowski; Prime Minister - Donald Tusk
Portugal : Capital - Lisbon; President - Anibal Antonio Cavaco Silva; Prime Minister - Pedro Manuel Passos Coelho Mamede

Q
Qatar : Capital - Doha; Amir-Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani; Prime Minister - Abdallah Bin Nasir Bin Khalifa Al Thani

R
Romania : Capital - Bucharest; President - Klaus Iohannis; Prime Minister - Victor-Viorel Ponta
Russia : Capital - Moscow; President - Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; Prime Minister - Dmitriy Anatolyevich Medvedev
Rwanda : Capital - Kigali; President - Paul Kagame; Prime Minister - Anastase Murekezi

S
Saint Kitts and Nevis : Capital - Basseterre; Governor General-Edmund Lawrence; Prime Minister - Dr. Denzil Llewellyn Douglas
Saint Lucia : Capital - Castries; Governor General- Dame Pearlette Louisy; Prime Minister - Kenny Davis Anthony
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines : Capital - Kingstown; Governor General-Sir Frederick Nathaniel Ballantyne; Prime Minister - Ralph Everard Gonsalves
Samoa : Capital - Apia; Chief of State-Tui Atua Tupua Tupuola Efi Tamasese; Prime Minister - Fatiaalofa Aiono Lupesolia'i Sailele Malielegaoi Tuilaepa
Sao Tome and Principe : Capital - São Tomé; President - Manuel Pinto Da Costa; Prime Minister - Patrice Trovoada
Saudi Arabia : Capital - Riyadh; King-Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud; Prime Minister - Abdallah Bin Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud
Senegal : Capital - Dakar; President - Macky Sall; Prime Minister - Aminata Toure
Serbia : Capital - Belgrade; President - Tomislav Nikolic; Prime Minister - Aleksandar Vučić
Seychelles : Capital - Victoria; President - James Alix Michel
Sierra Leone : Capital - Freetown; President - Ernest Bai Koroma
Singapore : President - Tony Tan Keng Yam; Prime Minister - Lee Hsien Loong
Slovakia : Capital - Bratislava; President - Ivan Gasparovic; Prime Minister - Robert Fico
Slovenia : Capital - Ljubljana; President - Borut Pahor; Prime Minister - Alenka Bratusek
Solomon Islands : Capital - Honiara; Governor General-Frank Ofagioro Kabui; Prime Minister - Gordon Darcy Lilo
Somalia : Capital - Mogadishu; President - Hassan Sheikh Mahamud; Prime Minister - Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed
South Africa : Capital - Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein; President - Jacob Zuma
South Sudan : Capital - Juba; President - Salva Kiir Mayardit
Spain : Capital - Madrid; President - Of The Govt. Mariano Rajoy Brey
Sri Lanka : Capital - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo; President - Maithripala Sirisena; Prime Minister - Ranil Wickremesinghe
Sudan : Capital - Khartoum; President - Umar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir, Field Mar
Suriname : Capital - Paramaribo; President - Desire Delano Bouterse
Swaziland : Capital - Lobamba, Mbabane; King-Mswati III; Prime Minister - Barnabus Sibusiso Dlamini
Sweden : Capital - Stockholm; King-Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime Minister - Fredrik Reinfeldt
Syria : Capital - Damascus; President - Bashar Al-Asad; Prime Minister - Wael Al-Halqi

T
Taiwan - NDE : Capital - Taipei; President - Ma Ying-Jeou
Tajikistan : Capital - Dushanbe; President - Emomali Rahmon; Prime Minister - Qohir Rasulzoda
Tanzania : Capital - Dodoma; President - Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete; Prime Minister - Mizengo Kayanza Peter Pinda
Thailand : Capital - Bangkok; King-Phumiphon Adunyadet
Timor-Leste : Capital - Dili; President - Taur Matan Ruak; Prime Minister - Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao
Togo : Capital - Lomé; President - Faure Gnassingbe; Prime Minister - Kwesi Seleagodji Ahoomey-Zunu
Tonga : Capital - NukuʻAlofa; King-Tupou VI; Prime Minister - Akilisi Pohiva
Trinidad and Tobago : Capital - Port of Spain; President - Anthony Thomas Aquinas Carmona; Prime Minister - Kamla Persad-Bissessar
Tunisia : Capital - Tunis; President - Moncef Marzouki; Prime Minister - Mehdi Jomaa
Turkey : Capital - Ankara; President - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; Prime Minister - Ahmet Davutoğlu
Turkmenistan : Capital - Ashgabat; President - Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu : Capital - Funafuti; Governor General-Iakoba Italeli; Prime Minister - Enele Sopoaga

U
Uganda : Capital - Kampala; President -Yoweri Kaguta Museveni; Prime Minister - Ruhakana Rugunda
Ukraine : Capital - Kiev; President - Petro Poroshenko; Prime Minister - Arseniy Yatsenyuk
United Arab Emirates : Capital - Abu Dhabi; President - Khalifa Bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan; Prime Minister - Muhammad Bin Rashid Al Maktum
United States of America : Capital - Washington, D.C., President - Barack Obama
United Kingdom : Capital - London; Queen-Elizabeth II; Prime Minister - David William Donald Cameron
Uruguay : Capital - Montevideo; President - Jose "Pepe" Mujica Cordano
Uzbekistan : Capital - Tashkent; President - Islom Karimov; Prime Minister - Shavkat Mirziyoyev

V
Vanuatu : Capital - Port Vila; President - Lolu Johnson Abbil; Prime Minister - Moana Carcasses Kalosil
Venezuela : Capital - Caracas; President - Nicolas Maduro Moros
Vietnam : Capital - Hanoi; President - Truong Tan Sang; Prime Minister - Nguyen Tan Dung

Y
Yemen : Capital - Sana'a; President - Fd. Mar. Abd Rabuh Mansur Hadi; Prime Minister - Muhammad Salim Ba Sindwah

Z
Zambia : Capital - Lusaka; President - Michael Chilufya Sata
Zimbabwe : Capital - Harare; President - Robert Gabriel Mugabe

Census 2011 – Important Facts

Census 2011 is the 15th Census of India since 1872. The slogan of Census 2011 is "Our Census, Our Future". The present Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is Dr. C. Chandramouli. Census 2011 covered 35 States/Union Territories, 640 districts, 5,924 Sub-districts, 7,933 Towns and 6, 40,930 Villages.  Total Population The total population of India at 0.00 hours of 1st March 2011 is 1210.6 million. India’s population accounts for 17.5 per cent of world population. The country’s population is almost equal to the populations of the U.S., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together. Out of the total increase of 182 million added in the last decade, the contribution of rural and urban areas is equal (91.0 million each). The absolute addition is slightly lower than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world. This makes 2001-2011 as the first decade with the exception of 1911-1921 which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade. The rural population is 833.5 million and the urban population 377.1 million. The rural population constitutes 68.8% and urban population 31.2% of the total population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State with 199 million people followed by Maharashtra at 112 million people and Lakshadweep is the least populated at 64,429 persons. Uttar Pradesh has the largest rural population of 155.3 million (18.6% of the country's rural population). Maharashtra has the highest urban population of 50.8 million (13.5% of country's urban population) in the country. Himachal Pradesh (90.0%) has the largest proportion of rural population. Delhi (97.5%) has the highest proportion of urban population. Thane of Maharashtra is the most populated District in India. Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, is the least populated District in India. Growth Rate The growth rate of population in India in the last decade is 17.7% (Rural - 12.3%; Urban - 31.8%). Meghalaya (27.2%) has recorded the highest decadal growth rate in rural population. Daman & Diu (218.8 %) recorded the highest decadal growth rate in urban population during 2001-2011. Population Density Population density in Census 2011 works out to be 382 showing an increase of 57 points from 2001. Delhi (11,320) turns out to be the most densely inhabited followed by Chandigarh (9,258) among all States/UTs, both in 2001 and 2011 Census. Among the major States, Bihar occupies the first position with a density of 1106, surpassing West Bengal which occupied the first position during 2001. The minimum population density works out in Arunachal Pradesh (17) for both Censuses. Among districts in India, highest density district is North East Delhi (37,346 per Sq KM) and lowest density district is Dibang of Arunachal Pradesh (1 per Sq KM). Sex Ratio  The Sex Ratio in the country which was 933 in 2001 has increased by 7 points to 940 in 2011. In rural areas, the sex ratio has increased from 946 to 949. The corresponding increase in urban areas has been by 29 points from 900 to 929. Kerala has recorded the highest sex ratio (1084) in respect of total population. Daman and Diu recorded the lowest sex ratio (618) among States and UTs. The lowest sex ratio in rural areas has been recorded in Chandigarh (690). The corresponding value in urban areas has been returned in Daman & Diu (551). Child Population  The child population in the age group of 0-6 years stands at 164.5 million. Compared to Census 2001, the Child population has increased by 0.7 million in the country. The growth rate of child population works out to 0.4% in the last decade. However, there has been a decline of 4.1% in rural areas and an increase of 15.6% in urban areas. Census 2011 marks a considerable fall in child sex ratio (0-6 years) from 927 to 919 (-8 points) during 2001-2011. This is the lowest sex ratio since 1961. Scheduled Caste Population The total Scheduled Caste population returned in Census 2011 is 201.4 million. The Scheduled Caste population constitutes 16.6 % of the total population. The highest proportion of Scheduled Castes has been recorded in Punjab (31.9 %) and the lowest in Mizoram (0.1%). The highest number of Scheduled Castes has been recorded in Uttar Pradesh (41.4 million) and the lowest in Mizoram (1,218). Scheduled Tribe Population  The total Scheduled Tribe population returned in Census 2011 is 104.3 million. The Scheduled Tribe population constitutes 8.6 % of the total population. The highest proportion of Scheduled Tribes has been recorded in Lakshadweep (94.8 %) and the lowest in Uttar Pradesh (0.6%). The highest number of Scheduled Tribes has been recorded in Madhya Pradesh (15.3 million) and the lowest in Daman & Diu (15,363). Literacy Rate The number of literates in India is 763.5 million in Census 2011. Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent, showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points. The literacy rate for males and females works out to 82.14 per cent and 65.46 per cent respectively. The increase in literacy rate in males and females during 2001-2011 is in the order of 6.88 and 11.79 percentage points respectively. The highest number of rural literates has been recorded in Uttar Pradesh. Maharashtra has recorded the highest number of literates in urban areas. In percentage terms male literates were 56.9% of the total literates and the female literates were 43.1 % of the total literates. Kerala has the highest literacy rate (93.91) followed by Lakshadweep (92.28). Bihar has the least literacy rate (63.82) and least goes to Arunachal Pradesh (66.95) Undivided Andhra Pradesh Census 2011The following census of Andhra Pradesh is of the undivided State prior to the formation of Telangana: Andhra Pradesh has population of 8.46 crore, an increase from 7.62 crore in 2001 census. The population of Andhra Pradesh forms 6.99 percent of India in 2011. The total population growth in this decade was 10.98 percent while in previous decade it was 13.86 percent. Density of Andhra Pradesh is 308 per sq km which is lower than national average 382 per sq km. In 2001, density of Andhra Pradesh was 277 per sq km, while nation average in 2001 was 324 per sq km. The Sex Ratio in Andhra Pradesh is 993 much better than the national average of 940. Literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh is 67.02 percent while male literacy stands at 74.88 percent and female literacy is at 58.68 percent.

POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

Nuclear power plants
Currently, twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780.00 MW (2.9% of total installed base)

Power station	State
Kaiga	Karnataka
Kakrapar	Gujarat
Kalpakkam	Tamil Nadu
Narora	Uttar Pradesh
Rawatbhata Kota	Rajasthan
Tarapur	Maharashtra
Kudankulam	Tamil Nadu
The projects under construction are:
Power station	State
Kalpakkam	Tamil Nadu
Kakrapar	Gujarat
Rawatbhata	Rajasthan

HYDRO POWER PLANTS :
 1. Tehri Dam: on Bhagirathi River, Uttarakhand with Installed capacity: 1,000 MW.
 2. Bhakra nangal Dam: on Sutlej River, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh with In stalled capacity: 1325 MW.
 3. Hirakud Dam: On Mahanadi River, Orissa with the Installed capacity: 307.5 MW.
 4. Nagarjuna sagar Dam: on Krishna River, Andhra Pradesh with Installed capacity: 816 MW.
 5. Sardar Sarovar Dam: on Narmada River, Gujarat with Installed capacity: 1,450 MW.

WIND POWER PLANTS :
 Muppandal wind farm - Tamilnadu
 Vankusawade Wind Park - Maharashtra
 Vankusawade Wind Park - Karnataka
 Madhya Pradesh Wind Farm - Madhya pradesh
 Kanjikode Wind Farm - Kerala

THERMAL POWER PLANTS :
 Vindyachal power plant - Madhya pradesh
 Talcher power plant - Orissa
 Ramagundam power plant - Andhra pradesh
 Korba power plant - Chhattisgarh
 Dadri power plant - UP
 Singrauli power plant - MP
 Farakka power plant - West Bengal

Sobriquets - India

All Seasons State: Himachal Pradesh Blue Mountains: Nilgiri City of Palaces: Calcutta City of Golden Temple: Amritsar Garden City of India: Bangalore Gateway of India: Mumbai Granary of India: Punjab Land of Five Rivers: Punjab Pearl of the Orient: Goa Pink City: Jaipur Lake City: Udaipur Switzerland of India: Kashmir Paradise on Earth: Kashmir Mini-Switzerland in India: Khajjar, Himachal Pradesh Sorrow of Bengal: River Damodar Sorrow of Bihar: River Kosi Sorrow of Assam: Brahmaputra Spice Garden of India: Kerala Sugar Bowl of India: Uttar Pradesh Tea Garden of India: Assam Detroit of India: Pitampur Land of Sunrise in India: Arunachal Pradesh Manchester of South India: Coimbatore Manchester of India: Ahmadabad Mini Switzerland: Himachal Pradesh City of Orange: Nagpur Weavers City of India: Panipat Silicon Valley of India: Bangalore Clouds of House: Meghalaya Gods own land of India: Kerala Pink City: Jaipur Hollywood of India: Mumbai Silent Share: Ladakh Pearl of the East: Goa

Sobriquets - World

Britain of the East	Japan
Britain of the South	New Zealand
Battle field of Europe	Belgium
City of Cycles	Beijing
City of Dreaming Spires	Oxford
City of Eternal Springs	Quito, Ecuador
City of Sky Scrapers	New York
City of Magnificent Distances	Washington D.C
City of Golden Gate	San Francisco
City of Seven Hills	Rome
Cockpit of Europe	Belgium
Copper Country	Zambia
Dark Continent	Africa
Empire City	New York
Emerald Island	Ireland
Eternal City	Rome, Italy
Forbidden City	Lhasa, Tibet
Gateway of Tears	Strait of Bab-el Mandeb
Garden of England	Kent
George Cross Island	Malta
Granite City	Aberdeen, Scotland
Herring Pond	Atlantic Ocean
Hill Queen	Shimla
Holy Land	Palestine
Hermit Kingdom	Korea
Island of Pearls	Bahrain
Island of Cloves	Madagascar
Key to the Mediterranean	Gibraltar
Land of Eagles	Albania
Land of Golden Fleece	Australia
Land of Kangaroo	Australia
Land of Lilies	Canada
Land of Golden Pagoda	Myanmar
Land of Maple	Canada
Land of Thousand Lakes	Finland
Land of Morning Calm	Korea
Land of Rising Sun	Japan
Land of Setting Sun	Britain
Land of Midnight Sun	Norway
Land of Lakes	Scotland
Land of the Tulips	Netherlands
Land of White Elephant	Thailand
Land of Thunder Bolt	Bhutan
Land of Thousand Elephants	Laos
Manchester of the Orient	Osaka
Never, Never Land	Prairies, Northern Australia
Land of Thunder Dragon	China
Nation of Thousand Hills	Rwanda
Pearl of Arabia	Bahrain
Pearl of Antilles	Cuba
Pillars of Hercules	Strait of Gibraltar
Playground of Europe	Switzerland
Quaker City of USA	Philadelphia
Queen of the Adriatic	Venice, Italy
Roof of the World	Pamirs
Sorrow of China	River Huang Ho
Sickman of Europe	Turkey
Sugar Bowl of World	Cuba
Venice of the North	Stockholm, Sweden
White City	Belgrade
Windy City	Chicago
World’s Bread Basket	Prairies of North America
Island of Fire	Iceland
Land of Windmills	Polland
Land of Perpetual Greenary	Natal
World Loneliest Island	Tristanda Cunha

Factfile of Cyclones

The word cyclone has been derived from Greek word ‘cyclos’ which means ‘coiling of a snake’. The word cyclone was coined by Heary Piddington who worked as a Rapporteur in Kolkata during British rule. The terms “hurricane” and “typhoon” are region specific names for a strong “tropical cyclone”. Tropical cyclones are called “Hurricanes” over the Atlantic Ocean and “Typhoons” over the Pacific Ocean. 

A tropical cyclone is a rotational low pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots (about 62 kmph). It is a vast violent whirl of 150 to 800 km, spiraling around a centre and progressing along the surface of the sea at a rate of 300 to 500 km a day.

Cyclone Prone Areas in IndiaIndia has a coastline of about 7,516 km of which 5,400 km is along the mainland. The entire coast is affected by cyclones with varying frequency and intensity. Although the North Indian Ocean (the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) generates only about 7% of the world's cyclones (5 to 6 Tropical Cyclones per year) their impact is comparatively high and devastating, especially when they strike the coasts bordering the North Bay of Bengal.

Thirteen coastal states and Union Territories (UTs) in the country are affected by tropical cyclones. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal) and one UT (Puducherry) on the east coast and one state (Gujarat) on the west coast are more vulnerable to cyclone hazards.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal government agency that provides weather services related to cyclones in India.

Classification of Cyclones in India: The criteria followed by Meteorological Department of India (IMD) to classify the low pressure systems in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea as adopted by World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) are as under: 

Type of Disturbances	Associated Wind Speed in the Circulation
Low pressure Area	Less than17 knots (<31 kmph)
Depression	17 to 27 knots (31 to 49 kmph)
Deep Depression	28 to 33 knots (50 to 61 kmph)
Cyclonic Storm	34 to 47 knots (62 to 88 kmph)
Severe Cyclonic Storm	48 to 63 knots (89 to 118 kmph)
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	64 to 119 knots (119 to 221 kmph)
Super Cyclonic Storm	120 knots and above (222 kmph and above)

Recent Cyclones of Andhra Pradesh

Name of the Cyclone	Year of Occurrence
Hudhud	12 October 2014
Lehar	25 November 2013
Helen	21 November 2013
Nilam	October 2012
Laila	May 2010
Khai-Muk	November 2008
Yemyin	June 2007

The recent deadly cyclones that hit Indian coastCyclone Phailin (2013) – The Cyclone Phailin is a category 5 storm that struck the Odisha and Andhra coast on 11 October 2013 causing massive destruction in the region- affecting 12 million people. Phailin is a Thai word which means Sapphire. This cyclone prompted India's biggest evacuation in 23 years with more than 5,50,000 people being moved from the coastline in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to safer shelters. Phailin brought very heavy rain of over 600 mm at many stations of Odisha. It also damaged crops worth Rs 2,400 crore and claimed over 40 lives. Loses due to Cyclone Phailin were estimated to be around rupees 420 crore.

Cyclone Nilam (2012) - Cyclonic Storm Nilam was the deadliest tropical cyclone to directly affect south India that made landfall near Mahabalipuram on October 31 as a strong cyclonic storm with peak winds of 85 kmph. Nilam caused economic losses of around Rs 100 crore because of torrential rain. 

Cyclone Thane (2011) - Thane was the strongest tropical cyclone of 2011 that became a very severe cyclonic storm on December 28, as it approached the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and made landfall at north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry on December 30. Thane left at least 46 people dead in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected areas. 

Cyclone Laila (2010) - Severe cyclonic storm Laila made a landfall in Andhra Pradesh on the 20 May 2010 and caused major flooding and damage along its path. Ongole in Andhra Pradesh recorded heavy rainfall of about 460 mm in just two days. Another town Addanki received the highest rainfall of 522 mm. The state government faced a loss of over Rs 500 crore due to Cyclone Laila.

Cyclone Jal (2010) - Cyclone Jal killed at least 54 people in India alone. About 300 thousand hectares of cropland was devastated by the cyclone. The remnants of Jal continued to move northwest, brought light to moderate spells of rain in India's warmest state of Rajasthan and also in Gujarat.

Cyclone Phyan (2009) - Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance in the Arabian Sea to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on November 4, 2009 and made landfall in south India on November 7. Massive damage to property was reported in coastal districts of Maharashtra, such as Ratnagiri, Raigad, Sindhudurg, Thane and Palghar.

Cyclone Nisha (2008) - Over 180 people were killed in Tamil Nadu alone due to heavy rain and floods caused by the cyclone. Orathanadu, in Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu received over 990 mm of rain within 24 hours. The total amount of rainfall received from Nisha was about 1280 mm. The damage caused by the cyclone was estimated to be about 3789 crores.

The 30 Deadliest Tropical Cyclones in World History

Rank	Name / Areas of Largest Loss	Year	Ocean Area	Deaths
1.	Great Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh	1970	Bay of Bengal	500,000
2.	Hooghly River Cyclone, India and Bangladesh	1737	Bay of Bengal	300,000
3.	Haiphong Typhoon, Vietnam	1881	West Pacific	300,000
3.	Coringa, India	1839	Bay of Bengal	300,000
5.	Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh	1584	Bay of Bengal	200,000
6.	Great Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh	1876	Bay of Bengal	200,000
7.	Chittagong, Bangladesh	1897	Bay of Bengal	175,000
8.	Super Typhoon Nina, China	1975	West Pacific	171,000
9.	Cyclone 02B, Bangladesh	1991	Bay of Bengal	140,000
9.	Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar	2008	Bay of Bengal	140,000
11.	Great Bombay Cyclone, India	1882	Arabian Sea	100,000
12.	Hakata Bay Typhoon, Japan	1281	West Pacific	65,000
13.	Calcutta, India	1864	Bay of Bengal	60,000
14.	Swatlow, China	1922	West Pacific	60,000
15.	Barisal, Bangladesh	1822	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	Sunderbans coast, Bangladesh	1699	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	India	1833	Bay of Bengal	50,000
15.	India	1854	Bay of Bengal	50,000
19.	Bengal Cyclone, Calcutta, India	1942	Bay of Bengal	40,000
19.	Bangladesh	1912	Bay of Bengal	40,000
19.	Bangladesh	1919	Bay of Bengal	40,000
22.	Canton, China	1862	West Pacific	37,000
23.	Backerganj (Barisal), Bangladesh	1767	Bay of Bengal	30,000
24.	Barisal, Bangladesh	1831	Bay of Bengal	22,000
25.	Great Hurricane, Lesser Antilles Islands	1780	Atlantic	22,000
26.	Devi Taluk, SE India	1977	Bay of Bengal	20,000
26.	Great Coringa Cyclone, India	1789	Bay of Bengal	20,000
28.	Bangladesh	1965 (11 May)	Bay of Bengal	19,279
29.	Nagasaki Typhoon, Japan	1828	Western Pacific	15,000
30.	Bangladesh	1965 (31 May)	Bay of Bengal	12,000

Largest in the World

Land Forms
Largest Continent	Asia
Largest Landmass	The Eurasian Landmass
Largest Gorge	Grand Canyon, USA
Largest Delta	Sundarbans in India and
Bangladesh Largest Peninsula	Arabia
Largest Island	Greenland
Largest Country in Area	Russia
Largest Archipelago	Indonesia
Largest Desert	Sahara, Africa
Largest Forest	Coniferous Forests of Northern
Russia Largest Plateau	Pamir, Tibet
Largest Mountain Range	The Himalaya
Largest Cold Desert	Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Largest Active Volcano	Mauna Lao on Hawaii
Largest Cave	Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA
Water Systems
Largest Ocean	Pacific
Largest Sea	South China Sea
Largest River	Amazon River
Largest River Basin	Amazon River
Largest Salt Water Lake	Caspian Sea
Largest Fresh Water Lake	Lake Superior in North America
Largest Artificial Lake	Lake Mead at Hoover Dam, USA
Largest Bay	Hudson Bay, North Canada
Largest Gulf	Gulf of Mexico
Largest Inland Sea	Mediterranean Sea
Largest Canal	Keil Canal in Germany
Largest Reef	Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Largest Strait	Tartar Strait
Largest Estuary	The Gulf of Ob, Russia
Man Made
Largest Temple	Angkorwat, Cambodia
Largest Airport	King Khalid International Airport at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest Church	St. Peter's Basilica, Rome
Largest Mosque	Sha Faisal Mosque, Islamabad
Largest Embassy	Russian Embassy, Beijing
Largest War Plane	Mirage, France
Largest Prison	Kharkov Russia
Largest Palace	Imperial Palace, Beijing
Largest Hotel	MGM Grand Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas, USA
Largest Stadium	Strahove, Czech Republic
Largest Library	United States Library of Congress
Largest Museum	American Museum of Natural History, New York
Largest Dam	Three Gorges, China
Largest Country in Population	China
Largest Wall	The Great Wall, China
Largest Cemetery	Leningrad, Russia
Largest Railway Station	Grand Central Terminal, New York
Largest University Building	University Of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Largest Open University	Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Largest Steel Plant	Nippon Steel Plant, Japan
Largest Statue	Statue of Liberty
Flora and Fauna
Largest Animal	Blue Whale
Largest Land Animal	The African Bush Elephant
Largest Park	Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada
Largest Zoo	Krugal National Park, South Africa
Largest River Island	Majuli, Assam
Largest Wingspan	Albatross
Largest Bird	Ostrich
Others
Largest Planet	Jupiter
Largest Democracy	India
Largest Electorate	India
Largest Diamond	The Cullinan
Largest Parliament	The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China