| Sl.No. | Countries that have Dollar as currency |
|---|---|
| 1 | Antigua and Barbuda |
| 2 | Australia |
| 3 | Bahamas |
| 4 | Barbados |
| 5 | Belize |
| 6 | Brunei |
| 7 | Canada |
| 8 | Dominica |
| 9 | East Timor |
| 10 | Ecuador |
| 11 | El Salvador |
| 12 | Fiji |
| 13 | Grenada |
| 14 | Guyana |
| 15 | Jamaica |
| 16 | Kiribati |
| 17 | Liberia |
| 18 | Marshal Islands |
| 19 | Federated States of Micronesia |
| 20 | Namibia |
| 21 | Nauru |
| 22 | New Zealand |
| 23 | Palau |
| 24 | Panama |
| 25 | Saint Kitts and Nevis |
| 26 | Saint Lucia |
| 27 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
| 28 | Singapore |
| 29 | Solomon Islands |
| 30 | Surinam |
| 31 | Taiwan |
| 32 | Trinidad and Tobago |
| 33 | Tuvalu |
| 34 | United States |
| 35 | Zimbabwe |
Saturday, May 21, 2011
Countries that have Dollar as currency
Countries that have Rupee as currency
| Sl.No. | Countries That Have Rupee as currency |
|---|---|
| 1 | India |
| 2 | Indonesia |
| 3 | Mauritius |
| 4 | Nepal |
| 5 | Pakistan |
| 6 | Seychelles |
| 7 | Sri Lanka |
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
FIGURES AT A GLANCE
FIGURES AT A GLANCE - INDIA | |||
| POPULATION | Persons | 1,21,01,93,422 | |
| Males | 62,37,24,248 | ||
| Females | 58,64,69,174 | ||
| DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH 2001-2011 | Absolute | Percentage | |
| Persons | 18,14,55,986 | 17.64 | |
| Males | 9,15,01,158 | 17.19 | |
| Females | 8,99,54,828 | 18.12 | |
| DENSITY OF POPULATION (per sq. km.) | 382 | ||
| SEX RATIO (females per 1000 males) | 940 | ||
| POPULATION IN THE AGE GROUP 0-6 | Absolute | Percentage to total population | |
| Persons | 15,87,89,287 | 13.12 | |
| Males | 8,29,52,135 | 13.30 | |
| Females | 7,58,37,152 | 12.93 | |
| LITERATES | Absolute | Literacy rate | |
| Persons | 77,84,54,120 | 74.04 | |
| Males | 44,42,03,762 | 82.14 | |
| Females | 33,42,50,358 | 65.46 | |
Monday, May 16, 2011
BEL GENERAL APTITUDE QUESTION PAPER 2010
- In which of the following movements ‘Vande Mataram’ was adotped for the first time as a slogan for agitation?
(A) Revolt of 1857
(B) Partition of Bengal in 1905
(C) Non-cooperation Movement in 1922
(D) Quit India Movement in 1942
2. Who warned Gandhiji not to encourage fanaticism of Muslim religious leaders and their followers?
(A) Agha Khan
(B) AjmaI Khan
(C) Hasan Imam
(D) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
3. Which one of the following is not correct about the Congress Session.of Lucknow, 1916?
(A) Ambika Charan Majumdar was not the president of this session
(B) In this session the reunion between the liberal and the extremist was established
(C) Mahatma was apprised the problems of the peasants Champaran for the first time
(D) None of the above
4. Kanpur conspiracy case was against the leaders of?
(A) Khilafat Movement
(B) Non-cooperation Movement
(C) Communist Movement
(D) Revolutionary Movement
5. In India “Currency Notes issue system” is based on?
(A) Minimum reserve system
(B) Proportional reserve system
(C) Fixed exchange rate system
(D) Full convertibility system
6. ‘Disguised’ unemployment means?
(A) Persons with no jobs
(B) Unemployment among house wives
(C) Unemployment among per sons above 60 years pf age
(D) Employment of more persons in a job which lesser number of persons can perform
7. Which of the following statements are true about the income tax in India?
1. It is a progressive tax,
2. It is a direct tax.
3. It is collected by the Government.
4. It is a proportional tax Select the correct answer from the code given below
Codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1,2and3only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
8. ‘SIDBI’ has been established to
(A) Finance small scale industries
(B) Finance cottage industries
(C) Finance large scale industries
(D) Finance public sector under takings
9. Gangubai Hangal, who died a few months ago, was a?
(A) Classical singer
(B) Dancer
(C) Painter
(D) Sitar player
10. Deep Joshi has recently been given Raman Magsaysay Award in the category of?
(A) Government service
(B) Public service
(C) Community leadership
(D) Emergent leadership
11. The missing number in the following series:
5,10,13,26,29, 58, 61,…
Is?
(A) 122
(C) 128
(B) 125
(D) 131
12. If 2 jeans and 3 shirts cost Rs. 4,000 and jeans and 2 shirts cost Rs. 3,500, how much does a jeans cost?
(A) Rs. 1,500
(B) Rs 1,000
(C)Rs. 500
(D) Rs. 2,000
13. Which one of the following expresses error in computer data?
(A) chip
(B) byte
(C) bug
(D) bit
14.Assertion (A) Graphite is a good lubricant.
Reason (R) Graphite is good conductor of electricity.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (A) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (A) are true but (H) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false but (A) is true
15. Acid rain is caused by pollution ot environment by?
(A) Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen
(B) Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide
(C) Ozone and Carbon dioxide
(D) Nitrous oxide and Sulphur dioxide
16.Which one of the following is called the ‘metal of future’?
(A)Copper
(B) Iron
(C)Titanium
(D) Aluminum
17. The earliest coins of India were made of ?
(A)Copper
(B) Gold
(C)Lead
(D) Silver
18. The Mongols appeared for the first time on the banks of Indus during the reign of?
(A) Balban
(B) Iltutrnish
(C) Qutubuddin Aibak
(D) Razia
19. The first woman ruler of medieval India was?
(A) Chand Bibi
(B) Durgavati
(C) Noorjahan
(D) Razia
20. The Moplah Rebellion (1921) took place in?
(A) Malabar
(B) Marathawada
(C) Telengana
(D) Vidarbha
21. Which part of the Constitutions of India has been described as the:
Soul of the Constitution ?
(A) Directive principles of State policy
(B) Fundamental rights
(C) Preamble
(D) Right to constitutional remedies
22. The first state to implement the Panchayati Raj System in India was?
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Gujarat
(D) Karnataka
23. Who has the right to seek advisory opinion of the Supreme Court on any question of law?
(A) Prime Minister
(B) President
(C) Any High Court
(D) All of the above
24. Consider the following statements about the Governor of a State
1. He is appointed by the President.
2. He holds office at the pleasure of the President.
3. The executive power of the: State vests in him.
4. Normally he holds office for five years.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
(A) l and 2
(B) 1,2 and 3
(C) 1,2 and 4
(D) All the four
25. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(A)Ahmedabad—Sabarmati
(B) Lucknow —Gomti
(C) Bhubaneshwar—Mahanadi
(D) Ujjain-Shipra
26.Dilwara Jain temple is situated at?
(A)Palitana
(B) Mount Abu
(C)Sonagiri
(D) Girinarji
27. Which one of the following is the biggest shipping canal in the world?
(A) Kiel Canal
(B) Panama Canal
(C) Soo Canal
(D) Suez Canal
28. Where was the battle of Plassey fought?
(A)Karnal
(B) Haldighati
(C)Mysore
(D) Bengal
29. Who was the first Vice-President of India?
(A)Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
(B)Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(C)C. V. Raman
(D)Jawahar Lal Nehru
30.. What was the reason behind the mutiny of 1857?
(A) Cartridge containing fat
(B) Frustration in soldiers
(C) Failure of British Government
(D) Administrative research
31.. Which of the following is UHF?
(A) 40MHz
(C) 400 KHz
(B) 400 MHz
(D) 40 KHz
32.. Mass of a particle is m and its momentum is p. Its kinetic energy will be?
(A)mp
(B) ppm
(C) pp/m
(D) pp/2m
33. SI . unit of power is ‘watt. It is equivalent to which of the follow ing?
(A) Kgms-2
(B)Kgm-2s-2
(C) Kgm-2s-3
(D) None of these
34. Who among the following cricketers scored the highest runs?
(A) Brien Lara
(B) Sanat Jaysurya
(C) Sachin Tendulkar
(D) Virendra Sehwag
35. Which is the oldest Veda?
(A) Samveda
(B) Rigveda
(C) Yajurveda
(D) Atharvaveda
36. Who was the founder of Pakistan ?
(A) Mohammad Ali Jinna
(B) Liyaquat AIi Khan
(C) Gaffar Khan
(D) Benazir Bhutto
37. Who invented television?
(A)J. L. Baird
(B) Lawrance -
(C) Frederick Trechithic
(D) King Gillette
38. Who invented wireless?
(A)Marconi
(B)Charles Caterin
(C)George Cayley
(D)Zenobe Gramme
39 Which of the following was the battle strategy of Shivaji against Mughals?
(A) Alert army
(B) Large army
(C) Political monopoly
(D) Guerilla warfare
40. Find out the next term of the series?
1,2,4,7,11,………
(A)16
(B) 12
(C) 9
(D) 4
41. Which of the following cities is termed as the Pink city?
(A) Jaipur
(B) Jodhpur
(C) Ajrner
(D) Delhi
42. Who wrote the Meghdoot?
(A)Kalidas
(B) Vatsyayan
(C) Chanakya
(D) Premchand
43. Which of the following is a creation of Maithili-Sharan Gupta?
(A)Saket
(B) Urvashi
(C) Prempachisi
(D) Gatha
44. Which is the longest railway line of the world?
(A) Trans-Siberian
(B) Trans-Canadian
(C) Orient Railway line
(D) Railway line from London to Paris
45. Which of the following states has the highest number of voters?
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Gujarat
ANSWERS1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 A 9 A 10 C 11 A 12 C 13 C 14 B 15 D 16 C 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 A
21 D 22 B 23 B 24 D 25 C 26 B 27 D 28 D 29 A 30 B 31 B 32 D 33 C 34 C 35 B 36 A 37 A 38 A
39 D 40 A 41 A 42 A 43 A 44 A 45 A
Saturday, May 14, 2011
ADVANTAGE INDIA
- World's largest democracy with 1.2 billion people.
- Stable political environment and responsive administrative set up.
- Well established judiciary to enforce rule of law.
- Land of abundant natural resources and diverse climatic conditions.
- Rapid economic growth: GDP to grow by 8.5% in 2010-11* and 9.0% in 2011-12.
- India's growth will start to outpace China's within three to five years and hence will become the fastest large economy with 9-10% growth over the next 20-25 years (Morgan Stanley).
- Investor friendly policies and incentive based schemes.
- Second most attractive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) location in the world: India received a total of US$ 25.9 billion of FDI in 2009-10.
- Healthy macro-economic fundamentals: Investment rate is expected to be 37% in 2010-11 and 38.4% in 2011-12 while Domestic Savings rate is expected to be 34% in 2010-11 and 36% in 2011-12.
- India's economy will grow fivefold in the next 20 years (McKinsey).
- Cost competitiveness; low labour costs.
- Total labour force of nearly 530 million.
- Large pool of skilled manpower; strong knowledge base with significant English speaking population.
- Young country with a median age of 30 years by 2025: India's economy will benefit from this "demographic dividend".
- The proportion of population in the working age group (15-59 years) is likely to increase from approximately 58% in 2001 to more than 64% by 2021.
- Huge untapped market potential.
- The urban population of India will double from the 2001 census figure of 290m to approximately 590m by 2030 (McKinsey).
- Progressive simplification and rationalization of direct and indirect tax structures.
- Reduction in import tariffs.
- Full current account convertibility.
- Compliance with WTO norms.
- Robust banking and financial institutions.
Indian Economy
India has undergone a paradigm shift owing to its competitive stand in the world. The Indian economy is on a robust growth trajectory and boasts of a stable annual growth rate, rising foreign exchange reserves and booming capital markets among others. Indian economy is estimated to grow at 8.6 percent in 2010-11 as compared to the growth rate of 8.0 percent in 2009-10. These GDP figures are based at factor cost at constant (2004-05) prices in the year 2010-11.The growth rate of 8.6 per cent in GDP during 2010-11 has been due to the robust growth rates of over 8 per cent in the sectors of manufacturing, construction, trade, hotels, transport and communication, financing, insurance, and, real estate and business services. Agriculture sector registered a growth rate of 5.4 percent in 2009-10. A growth rate of 18.3 percent is estimated for GDP at current prices in the year 2010-11.
Agriculture Sector
The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector is likely to show a growth of 5.4 per cent in its GDP during 2010-11, as against the previous year’s growth rate of 0.4 per cent.The estimate of GDP from agriculture in 2010-11,according to the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC),production of foodgrains and oilseeds is expected to grow by 6.5 per cent and 11.9 per cent, respectively, as compared to the previous agriculture year. The production of cotton and sugarcane is also expected to rise by 41.2 per cent and 15.2 per cent, respectively, in 2010-11. Among the horticultural crops, production of fruits and vegetables is expected to increase by 4.1 per cent and 3.8 per cent, respectively, during the year 2010-11.
Industry Sector
The growth in GDP for mining and quarrying and manufacturing sectors during 2010-11 is expected to be 6.2 and 8.8 percent respectively over previous year. According to the latest estimates available on the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), the index of mining and manufacturing registered growth rates of 8.0 per cent and 10.0 per cent during April-November, 2010. The estimated growth rate for construction sector is 8.0 percent in 2010-11. The key indicators of construction sector, namely, cement production and steel consumption have registered growth rates of 4.4 per cent and 8.8 per cent, respectively during April- December, 2010.
Services Sector
The estimated growth in GDP for the trade, hotels, transport and communication sectors during 2010-11 is placed at 11.0 per cent, mainly on account of growth during April- November, 2010-11 of 14.9 per cent in passengers handled in civil aviation , 21.3 per cent in air cargo handled and 40.9 per cent in stock of telephone connections. The sales of commercial vehicles witnessed an increase of 34.1 per cent per cent in April-December, 2010. The financing, insurance, real estate and business services sector is expected to show a growth rate of 10.6 per cent during 2010-11, on account of 14.0 per cent growth in aggregate deposits and 22.6 per cent growth in bank credit during April- November 2010 (against the respective growth rates of 18.6 per cent and 10.1 per cent in the corresponding period of previous year). The growth rate of community, social and personal services during 2010-11 is estimated to be 5.7 per cent.
India: An Attractive Destination for FDI
The Indian growth story seems to be on a roll and India has emerged as the fourth largest economy in the world on a purchasing power parity basis. The quality of business environment in India has improved manifolds in the recent years. The strong fundamentals underlying the Indian economy make it an obvious choice for investors all over the world. There is ample reason for India's viability as a destination for foreign investment. In addition to the above-mentioned macroeconomic indicators, higher disposable incomes, emerging middle class, low cost competitive workforce, investment friendly policies and progressive reform process all contribute towards India being an appropriate choice for investors.
The government of India has put in place a liberal and transparent FDI policy. In the post liberalization era, a number of initiatives have been taken to attract FDI in several sectors. This includes opening of many new sectors to FDI, raising FDI equity caps in sectors already opened and procedural simplification. Today, the FDI policy in India is widely reckoned to be among the most liberal in the emerging economies and FDI up to 100% is allowed under the automatic route in most sectors and activities.
The Indian Government is committed in its efforts to maintain a healthy growth rate and provide a conducive policy environment to the enterprises, both public and private, to invest and grow their business in the country. To this end, the Government has liberalized the foreign investment regime substantially over the last decade. Today, foreign direct investment is allowed in almost all sectors barring a few sensitive areas such as defence. Further, FDI is allowed in most of the sectors under the automatic route, except a few, where approval from the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) is required. India's foreign trade policy has been formulated with a view to invite and encourage FDI in India. The process of regulation and approval has been substantially liberalized. The Reserve Bank of India has prescribed the administrative and compliance aspects of FDI.
FDI can be divided into two broad categories: investment under automatic route and investment through prior approval of Government. The pickup in FDI inflows further reflects growing investor interest in the Indian economy on the back of strong fundamentals and simplified procedures.
The FDI policy rationalization and liberalization measures taken by the Government have resulted in increased inflows of FDI over the years. FDI equity inflow in the month of February 2011, stood at US$ 1.3 billion.During the financial year 2010-11 (April 2010 to February 2011), FDI worth US$ 18.3 billion was attracted in India. Cumulative amount of FDI from (August 1991 to February 2011) registered in India stood at US$ 145.2 billion.
Sectors with large FDI inflows in India
During 2010-11 (April 2010-February 2011), services sector attracted 21 percent of the total FDI equity inflow into India,while computer software and hardware attracted second largest amount of FDI with 8 percent share during the same period.Telecommunications was the third highest sector attracting FDI with 8 percent of total inflows followed by housing and real estate and construction activities which garnered 7 percent shares each.
Sources of FDI in India
During 2010-11 (April 2010-February 2011), Mauritius was the top investing country for India with 42 per cent of the total inflows. Singapore was second with 9 per cent share, U.S.A stood third with 7 per cent share.U.K and Netherlands were on fourth and fifth places with 5 per cent and 4 per cent shares respectively.FDI can be divided into two broad categories: investment under automatic route and investment through prior approval of Government. The pickup in FDI inflows further reflects growing investor interest in the Indian economy on the back of strong fundamentals and simplified procedures.
Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) in India
In addition to FDI, Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) is also flowing into India. Qualified foreign entities (other than those predominantly owned by non resident Indians) seeking to undertake portfolio investments in India are regarded as Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs). Eligible institutional investors that can register as FIIs include asset management companies, pension funds, mutual funds, banks, investment trusts, nominee companies, incorporated/institutional portfolio managers, power of attorney holders, university funds, endowment foundations, charitable trusts and charitable societies.
Indian States and Union Territories
The country houses 28 states and 7 union territories. Each of the Indian state and union territory of India is blessed with several investment opportunities depending on their geographical location and availability of natural resources. These opportunities are further enhanced by the rapid technological advancements taking place in almost all states that enhance the ability to innovate and grow. There exists plethora of diversified investment opportunities across India and the respective state Governments are taking progressive steps such as development of powerful infrastructure and formulating conducive and stable policies to harness the same. The state Governments have devised investor friendly policies in terms of incentives and concessions offered for several sectors such as biotechnology, infrastructure and information technology among others to promote FDI into their respective states. A healthy competition has emerged among states to attract investment in their states and this has proved to be beneficial for the potential investor. States of India
A small brief of the investment opportunities available in some of the Indian states is given here:Andaman and Nicobar: Tourism, I.T., Handicrafts, High value added Agro Products, Fisheries, Coir, Hydro Carbon Energy, Shipping Sectors including Transshipment ports and Service Industry.
Andhra Pradesh: Biotechnology, tourism, food and agro based industries, and information technology.
Arunachal Pradesh: art and craft industries, tourism and educational services.
Arunachal Pradesh: art and craft industries, tourism and educational services.
Assam: IT Sector, Tourism, Agro- Horti & Food Processing Sector, Bamboo Industries and Bio Technology Sector.
Bihar:Agro based industries, sericulture, chemical industry, tourism, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, etc.Chhattisgarh: Processing of medicinal, aromatic and dye plants, Automobile, auto components, spares and cycle industries, Manufacturing of plant, machinery & engineering spares, pharmaceuticals, etc.
Delhi: computer software, IT enabled services, electronics and high tech industries and small-scale industry.
Goa: Pharmaceuticals, Drugs and Biotech Industries, Food processing and Agro based Industries, IT and IT-enabled services, Eco tourism/Heritage tourism/Adventure tourism/Event tourism/Medical, Tourism and Entertainment Industry.
Gujarat: Agro Based and Food Processing Industry, Chemical and Allied Industry, Information Technology, Mineral Based and Allied Industries, Plastic and Allied Industries, Port Related activities and infrastructure and Textile Industry.
Haryana: Agro based and Food Processing Industry., Electronics and Information & Communication Technology, Automobiles & Automotive Components., Handloom, Hosiery, Textile and Garments Manufacturing., Export- Oriented Units, Footwear, leather garments and accessories.
Himachal Pradesh: units based directly on horticulture produce, mineral water bottling, automobile manufacturing units, cold storage units, electronic units, floriculture, handicrafts, precision industries, etc.
Jammu and Kashmir: food processing, agro based industries, floriculture, information technology, sports goods industry, etc.
Jharkhand: mining and mineral based industry, agro based industries, sericulture, engineering, auto components, tourism, ceramics, sports goods, etc.
Karnataka: informatics, computer software, IT enabled services, telecom, auto and auto components, food processing, floriculture, biotechnology, tourism, infrastructure projects, etc.
Kerala: Mineral and Clay based products, Agriculture and Horticulture Produce, Traditional Industries, Tourism, Auto Components, Marine Products and Agro Processing industries.
Madhya Pradesh: agro- processing industries, cement, textiles and apparels, tourism, power, education, information technology, etc.
Maharashtra: auto industry, biotechnology, floriculture, food processing, textiles and leather.
Manipur: agro based industries, handicraft industries, sericulture, tourism, telecommunications, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Meghalaya: Minerals based industries, Horticulture and agro based industry, Power Generation, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Tourism, Biotechnology- based units, Electronics and information technology and Tissue culture and orchid units.
Mizoram: bamboo and timber based industries, food processing, agro-horticulture sector, mines and minerals, handloom, handicrafts, tourism, etc.
Nagaland: food-processing industry, agro based industry, tourism, mineral based industry, pharmaceuticals, etc.
Orissa: mineral and mineral based industries, agro and food processing industries, Information technology, tourism, biotech, pharma, handicrafts, handlooms, chemicals and fertilizers, etc.
Punjab: agriculture, dairy and poultry products, meat processing, leather industry, sports goods, textiles, light engineering goods, etc.
Rajasthan: IT and ITeS, biotechnology, agro based industries, power sector, education, urban infrastructure, tourism, gems and Jewellery, etc.
Sikkim: eco-tourism, handicrafts and handlooms, floriculture, biotechnology, etc.
Tamil Nadu: engineering, automobiles and components, software and ITeS, biotechnology, health care, pharma, tourism, textiles, etc.
Tripura: natural gas, food processing, rubber, tea, handicraft, bamboo, handloom, tourism, information technology, etc.
Uttar Pradesh: power, food processing, agro based industries, animal husbandry, engineering, horticulture, etc.
Uttarakhand: hydropower, floriculture, horticulture, agro based and food processing industries, information and communication technology, etc.
West Bengal: agri business, tourism, information technology, metals, petrochemicals, leather, food processing, etc.
Union Territories of India
Delhi: computer software, IT enabled services, electronics and high tech industries and small-scale industry.
Andaman and Nicobar: Tourism, I.T., Handicrafts, High value added Agro Products, Fisheries, Coir, Hydro Carbon Energy, Shipping Sectors including Transhipment ports and Service Industry.
Puducherry: information technology and software development, electronics, agro processing, textiles, leather products, light engineering and tourism.
Sectoral Opportunities
Vast investment potential exists in sectors such as biotechnology, retail, real estate, roads and highways, power, telecommunications, civil aviation, special economic zones, healthcare among others. These investments are encouraged by the facts that India has a large pool of skilled and competitive manpower, huge research and development base, Government support and conducive policies, growth in the Indian domestic market owing to higher disposable incomes, abundant natural resources required to set up industries, etc.
INDIA AT A GLANCE
General Profile
Area : 3.3 Million sq. km
Location: The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The Country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. India occupies a major portion of the south Asian subcontinent.
Geographic Coordinates: Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, the Country extends between 8° 4' and 37° 6' latitudes north of the Equator, and 68°7' and 97°25' longitudes east of it.
Indian Standard Time: GMT + 05:30
Telephone Country Code: +91
Capital: New Delhi
Border Countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west; China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea, formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Coastline : 7517 km encompassing the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Climate: The climate of India can broadly be classified as a tropical monsoon one. But, in spite of much of the northern part of India lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters. There are four seasons - winter (December-February), (ii) summer (March-June), (iii) south-west monsoon season (June-September), and (iv) post monsoon season (October- November)
Terrain: The mainland comprises of four regions, namely the great mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert region, and the southern peninsula.
Natural Resources: Coal, iron ore, manganese ore, mica, bauxite, petroleum, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone, arable land, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite, fluorite, etc.
Government Type: Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of Government.
Administrative Divisions : 28 States and 7 Union Territories.
Constitution: The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950. The Constitution of India is the fountain source of the legal system in the Country.
Executive Branch: The President of India is the Head of State, while the Prime Minister is the Head of the Government and runs office with the support of the Council of Ministers who forms the Cabinet.
Legislative Branch: The Federal Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of the Parliament.
Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
Demographic Profile
Population (Census 2011): 1210.19 Million
Males: 623.72 Million,
Females: 586.46 Million)
Birth Rate (2001 census): 24.8 Percent
Death Rate (2001 census): 8.9 Percent
Density of Population (Census 2011) : 382 Persons per square kilometer
Females : 66.9 Years
Ethnic Groups: All the five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian, and Negroid find representation among the people of India.
Religions: According to the 2001 census, out of the total population of 1,028 million in the Country, Hindus constituted the majority with 80.5%, Muslims came second at 13.4%, followed by Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and others.
Languages: There are 22 different languages that have been recognised by the Constitution of India, of which Hindi is an Official Language. English has by law been designated the language for official purposes.
Literacy Rate (Census 2011): 74.04 Percent
Males: 31.98 Percent,
Females: 49.10 Percent
Economic Profile
Gross Domestic Product during 2010-11: US$ 1597.5 billion (Rs 72.6 trillion)
Per capita income during 2010-11: US$ 1020.3 (Rs 36,003)
Forex Reserves (April 2011): US$ 303.5 billion
Exports (2009-10): US$ 182.2 billion
Exports (April-March 2010-11): US$ 245.9 billion
Imports (2009-2010): US$ 299.5 billion
Imports (April-March 2010-11): US$ 350.7 billion
Amount of FDI inflows during 2009-10: US$ 25.9 billion
Amount of FDI inflows during 2010-11 (April 2010-February 2011): US$ 18.3 billion
Cumulative amount of FDI Inflows (August 1991-February 2011): US$ 145.2 billion
Sectors attracting highest FDI inflows: Services Sector, Computer Software & Hardware, Telecommunications, Housing & Real Estate, Construction Activities (Including Roads & Highways), Automobile Industry,Power, Metallurgical Industries, Petroleum & Natural Gas, Chemicals (other than fertilizers).
Top Investing Countries: Mauritius, Singapore, U.S.A, U.K, Netherlands, Japan, Cyprus, Germany, France, U.A.E.
Area : 3.3 Million sq. km
Location: The Indian peninsula is separated from mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The Country is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. India occupies a major portion of the south Asian subcontinent.
Geographic Coordinates: Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, the Country extends between 8° 4' and 37° 6' latitudes north of the Equator, and 68°7' and 97°25' longitudes east of it.
Indian Standard Time: GMT + 05:30
Telephone Country Code: +91
Capital: New Delhi
Border Countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west; China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea, formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Coastline : 7517 km encompassing the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Climate: The climate of India can broadly be classified as a tropical monsoon one. But, in spite of much of the northern part of India lying beyond the tropical zone, the entire country has a tropical climate marked by relatively high temperatures and dry winters. There are four seasons - winter (December-February), (ii) summer (March-June), (iii) south-west monsoon season (June-September), and (iv) post monsoon season (October- November)
Terrain: The mainland comprises of four regions, namely the great mountain zone, plains of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert region, and the southern peninsula.
Natural Resources: Coal, iron ore, manganese ore, mica, bauxite, petroleum, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone, arable land, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite, fluorite, etc.
Political Profile
Country Name: Republic of India ; Bharat Ganrajya Government Type: Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of Government.
Administrative Divisions : 28 States and 7 Union Territories.
Constitution: The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950. The Constitution of India is the fountain source of the legal system in the Country.
Executive Branch: The President of India is the Head of State, while the Prime Minister is the Head of the Government and runs office with the support of the Council of Ministers who forms the Cabinet.
Legislative Branch: The Federal Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of the Parliament.
Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
National Days:
- 26 th January (Republic Day)
- 15 th August (Independence Day)
- 2 nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday)
Demographic Profile
Population (Census 2011): 1210.19 Million
Males: 623.72 Million,
Females: 586.46 Million)
Birth Rate (2001 census): 24.8 Percent
Death Rate (2001 census): 8.9 Percent
Density of Population (Census 2011) : 382 Persons per square kilometer
Life expectancy at Birth (As of September 2005) :
Males : 63.9 Years, Females : 66.9 Years
Ethnic Groups: All the five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian, and Negroid find representation among the people of India.
Religions: According to the 2001 census, out of the total population of 1,028 million in the Country, Hindus constituted the majority with 80.5%, Muslims came second at 13.4%, followed by Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and others.
Languages: There are 22 different languages that have been recognised by the Constitution of India, of which Hindi is an Official Language. English has by law been designated the language for official purposes.
Literacy Rate (Census 2011): 74.04 Percent
Males: 31.98 Percent,
Females: 49.10 Percent
Economic Profile
Gross Domestic Product during 2010-11: US$ 1597.5 billion (Rs 72.6 trillion)
Per capita income during 2010-11: US$ 1020.3 (Rs 36,003)
Forex Reserves (April 2011): US$ 303.5 billion
Exports (2009-10): US$ 182.2 billion
Exports (April-March 2010-11): US$ 245.9 billion
Imports (2009-2010): US$ 299.5 billion
Imports (April-March 2010-11): US$ 350.7 billion
Amount of FDI inflows during 2009-10: US$ 25.9 billion
Amount of FDI inflows during 2010-11 (April 2010-February 2011): US$ 18.3 billion
Cumulative amount of FDI Inflows (August 1991-February 2011): US$ 145.2 billion
Sectors attracting highest FDI inflows: Services Sector, Computer Software & Hardware, Telecommunications, Housing & Real Estate, Construction Activities (Including Roads & Highways), Automobile Industry,Power, Metallurgical Industries, Petroleum & Natural Gas, Chemicals (other than fertilizers).
Top Investing Countries: Mauritius, Singapore, U.S.A, U.K, Netherlands, Japan, Cyprus, Germany, France, U.A.E.
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Census Of India 2011
The Indian Census is a credible source of statistical information on different characteristics of the citizens since 1872. This was conducted at different points of time in different parts of the country. In 1881 a Census was taken for the entire country simultaneously. Since then, Census has been conducted every ten years, without a break. The Census provides a snapshot of the country's population and housing at a given point of time. The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under the Union Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal authority for conducting decennial Census in the country. Census 2011 is the 15th National Census of the country since 1872 and the 7th after Independence.
The programme covers about 60 to 80 schools in each of the 640 Districts in the country.
Number of Administrative Units in Census 2011
National Population Register (NPR) A milestone of Census 2011 is the creation of National Population Register (NPR). The National Population Register (NPR) will build up a comprehensive identity database of usual residents of the country. It would have the biometric data and UID Number of every person (15 years and above).
National Identity Cards will be given in a phased manner to all usual residents by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
The NPR is being introduced for the first time in the country. More on National Population Register
The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, headed by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, plans and implements Census. There are field offices, headed by Directors of Census Operations, in all the States and Union Territories (except Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Union Territory of Daman and Diu), which are attached to the office at Gujarat.
Directors of Census Operations are responsible for the conduct of Census in their respective jurisdiction.
The first step towards executing Census process involves preparation of a complete and unduplicated list of all geographical entities in the country, which include States, Districts, Tehsils/Taluks/ Community Development (CD) Blocks and Villages/Town at a particular point of time. More on Census Jurisdiction
The enumerators, supervisors and other field functionaries visit each and every household and ask questions to filling up Census forms. The information collected about individuals is kept absolutely confidential.
After the field work, the Census forms are transported to data processing centres located at 15 cities across the country. For faster data processing, the Intelligent Character Recognition Software (ICR) is used which saves a huge amount of manual labour and cost. The ICR technology with advanced features scans the Census Forms at high speed and extracts the data automatically. The Census is a statutory exercise conducted under the provisions of the Census Act, 1948 and Census Rules, 1990.
With a history of more than 130 years, this reliable, time tested exercise has been bringing out a veritable wealth of statistics. To scholars and researchers in demography, economics, anthropology, sociology, statistics and many other disciplines, the Indian Census has been a fascinating source of data. The rich diversity of the people of India is truly brought out by the decennial census which has become one of the tools to understand and study India.
Importance of Census:
| Census provides detailed and authentic information on demography, economic activity, literacy and education, housing & household amenities, urbanisation, fertility and mortality, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, language, religion, migration, disability and many other socio-cultural and demographic data. This information helps the Central and State Governments in planning and formulation of various policies. Besides, the delimitation or reservation of constituencies-Parliamentary/Assembly/Panchayats and other local bodies- is also based on demographic data. | ||
Census of India 2011:
Census 2011 was conducted in two phases. The first phase, called the House Listing or Housing Census was conducted between April and September last year across the country, depending on the convenience of different States/UTs. The second phase, Population Enumeration, began simultaneously all over the country from February 9, 2011 and continued up to February 28, 2011. New Features of Census 2011:
Fresh Categories
The following fresh categories have been incorporated for comprehensive and better data:- Gender: New category "Other" introduced in addition to Male and Female.
- Date of Birth question introduced along with Age.
- Current Marital Status: Separate codes Assigned for Separated and Divorced.
- New filter Question on SC/ST Introduced - "Is this person SC/ST?"
- Disability: Household Schedule of Census 2011 attempts to collect information on eight types of disabilities as against five included in the Household Schedule of Census of India 2001. The information is being collected on disabilities namely, disability 'In Seeing', 'In Hearing', 'In Speech', 'In Movement', 'Mental retardation', 'Mental Illness', 'Any Other' and 'Multiple Disability'.
- Literacy Status for "Other" sex added in addition to existing Male and Female.
- New Codes under Status of Attendance in Educational Institutions introduced for Not Attending viz., (i) Attended before and (ii) Never attended.
- Work: Marginal workers have been classified into two categories viz., (i) worked for 3 months or more but less than 6 months (ii) worked for less than 3 months. The definition of 'Main worker' remains the same.
- A separate code-5 has been included under Non-economic activity for renters.
- Migration - Provision to specify the present name of the Village/Town of the Birth Place as well as the Place of Last Residence introduced.
- Name of the Institutional Household is also being recorded.
The programme covers about 60 to 80 schools in each of the 640 Districts in the country.
Mascot of an Enumerator
The mascot of an enumerator has been created for Census 2011 to make the process more people-friendly. The mascot helps people relate with the Census process and elucidates the key role of enumerators in the process. A toll free number 1800-345-0111 and services of call centre have been introduced for addressing public grievances.Census Data
According to provisional results, India's population grew to 1.21 billion. The absolute number of children in the 0-6 age group recorded decline from 163 million in the 2001 census to 158 million in 2011. For detailed information click on the links given below:Number of Administrative Units in Census 2011
- State/Union Territories: 35
- Districts: 640
- Sub-districts: 5,924
- Towns: 7,938
- Villages: 6.41 Lakh
National Population Register (NPR) A milestone of Census 2011 is the creation of National Population Register (NPR). The National Population Register (NPR) will build up a comprehensive identity database of usual residents of the country. It would have the biometric data and UID Number of every person (15 years and above).
National Identity Cards will be given in a phased manner to all usual residents by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
The NPR is being introduced for the first time in the country. More on National Population Register
General Information about Census:
According to Article 246, population Census is a Union Subject in India. But, the State Governments provide administrative support in conducting the Census process.The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, headed by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, plans and implements Census. There are field offices, headed by Directors of Census Operations, in all the States and Union Territories (except Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Union Territory of Daman and Diu), which are attached to the office at Gujarat.
Directors of Census Operations are responsible for the conduct of Census in their respective jurisdiction.
The first step towards executing Census process involves preparation of a complete and unduplicated list of all geographical entities in the country, which include States, Districts, Tehsils/Taluks/ Community Development (CD) Blocks and Villages/Town at a particular point of time. More on Census Jurisdiction
The enumerators, supervisors and other field functionaries visit each and every household and ask questions to filling up Census forms. The information collected about individuals is kept absolutely confidential.
After the field work, the Census forms are transported to data processing centres located at 15 cities across the country. For faster data processing, the Intelligent Character Recognition Software (ICR) is used which saves a huge amount of manual labour and cost. The ICR technology with advanced features scans the Census Forms at high speed and extracts the data automatically. The Census is a statutory exercise conducted under the provisions of the Census Act, 1948 and Census Rules, 1990.
With a history of more than 130 years, this reliable, time tested exercise has been bringing out a veritable wealth of statistics. To scholars and researchers in demography, economics, anthropology, sociology, statistics and many other disciplines, the Indian Census has been a fascinating source of data. The rich diversity of the people of India is truly brought out by the decennial census which has become one of the tools to understand and study India.
Monday, May 9, 2011
Indian Bank Probationary Officers Exam. 2011 Solved Paper
General Awareness
(Exam Held on 2-1-2011)
1. On which one of the following ‘Head of Expenses’, the expenses of the Government of India are highest ?
(A) Food subsidy
(B) Fertilizer subsidy
(C) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(D) Maintenance of national highways
(E) Oil subsidy
Ans : (A)
2. Which one of the following foreign agencies will assist the municipal agencies to improve quality of municipal schools through its School Excellence Programmes (SEP) ?
(A) IMF
(B) UNDP
(C) UNICEF
(D) ADB
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
3. Which of the following carries out ‘Open Market Operations’ ?
(A) Finance Ministry
(B) External Affairs Ministry
(C) Reserve Bank of India
(D) Planning Commission
(E) Ministry of Commerce
Ans : (C)
4. Who among the following Ministers will hold telecom portfolio in addition to his own portfolio till next reallotment ?
(A) Kamal Nath
(B) Kapil Sibal
(C) Pranab Mukherjee
(D) Mamta Banerjee
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
5. Under provisions of which one of the following Acts, the RBI issues directives to the Banks in India ?
(A) RBI Act
(B) Banking Regulation Act
(C) Essential Commodities Act
(D) RBI and Banking Regulation Act
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
6. Which one of the following tools is used by RBI for selective credit control ?
(A) It advises banks to lend against certain commodities
(B) It advises banks to recall the loans for advances against certain commodities
(C) It advises banks to charge higher rate of interest for advance against certain commodities
(D) It discourages certain kinds of lending by assigning higher risk weights to loans it deems undesirable
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
7. For which one of the following Loan Products ‘teaser loans’ are offered by Banks ?
(A) Education Loans
(B) Commercial Loans
(C) Loans against security of gold
(D) Retail Trade Loans
(E) Home Loans
Ans : (E)
8. The Commonwealth Games 2010 were held in Delhi from October 3 to 14, 2010. Who amongst the following picked up the Game’s first gold medal ?
(A) Augustina Nwaokolo
(B) Ravinder Singh
(C) Azhar Hussain
(D) Carol Huynh
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
9. In which one of the following cities was the recent meet of G–20 Countries organised ?
(A) Tokyo
(B) Seoul
(C) London
(D) Beijing
(E) Singapore
Ans : (B)
10. As per recent newspaper reports, which one of the following countries (among the given) has highest literacy rate ?
(A) India
(B) Sri Lanka
(C) China
(D) Vietnam
(E) Bangladesh
Ans : (D)
11. Which one of the following has decided to give guarantee for infra loans ?
(A) IDBI
(B) SBI
(C) IIFCL
(D) SIDBI
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
12. In which one of the following States is the uranium project proposed to be set up ?
(A) Manipur
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Orissa
(D) Assam
(E) Nagaland
Ans : (C)
13. Amongst 169 countries on Human Development Index which one of the following is India’s rank ?
(A) 89
(B) 91
(C) 119
(D) 129
(E) 138
Ans : (C)
14. What is ‘Kaveri’ ?
(A) India’s indigeneous aircraft engine
(B) India’s low cost laptop
(C) India’s Air to Air Missile
(D) India’s guided Surface to Air Missile
(E) Unmanned Aircraft acquired from Israel
Ans : (A)
15. An increasing finished good stock as % to sales of a manufacturing Company indicates that ……….
1. the market is getting competitive
2. the quality of the goods is not upto the mark
3. the production cost has increased
4. the production has decreased
(A) Only 1 and 2
(B) Only 2 and 3
(C) Only 3 and 4
(D) Only 3
(E) Only 4 and 1
Ans : (A)
16. Which one of the following has got RBI nod to issue prepaid cards to its clients ?
(A) LIC
(B) GIC
(C) SIDBI
(D) NABARD
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
17. For which one of the following reasons is an amendment in Companies Bill 2009 proposed ?
(A) To provide more powers to Department of Company Affairs
(B) To provide regulatory powers to Department of Company Affairs
(C) To make Indian Accounting Standards applicable with effect from 1.4.2011
(D) To ensure smooth convergence of the Indian Accounting Standards with IFRS
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
18. As per recent newspaper reports, India’s public debt rises 2•8 per cent to Rs. 28 lakh crore. Which one of the following is the reason that has forced commercial banks to buy Government securities ?
(A) Lack of credit growth
(B) Increase in credit growth
(C) Raising of repo rate
(D) Raising of reverse repo rate
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
19. In which one of the following States Sariska Tiger Reserve is located ?
(A) M. P.
(B) U. P.
(C) Orissa
(D) Gujarat
(E) Rajasthan
Ans : (E)
20. On which one of the following characters, Biometric security is based ?
(A) Finger prints and palm recognition only
(B) Face recognition and voice recognition only
(C) Hand writing and manual recognition only
(D) Only (A) and (B)
(E) All (A), (B) and (C)
Ans : (D)
21. Which one of the following may be the consequence of buying forex in the marked by the RBI ?
(A) It leads to inflation
(B) It leads to control over inflation
(C) It does not affect inflation
(D) It results into deflation
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
22. Under provisions of which one of the following Acts, the Reserve Bank of India has the power to regulate, supervise and control the banking sector ?
(A) RBI Act
(B) Banking Regulation Act
(C) Negotiable Instrument Act
(D) RBI and Banking Regulation Act
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
23. Who amongst the following is the author of the book ‘The God of Small Things’ ?
(A) Chetan Bhagat
(B) V. S. Naipul
(C) Namita Gokhale
(D) Kiran Desai
(E) Arundhati Roy
Ans : (E)
24. Which one of the following has proposed $ 11 billion infrastructure debt fund ?
(A) NABARD
(B) SBI
(C) RBI
(D) Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India
(E) Planning Commission
Ans : (D)
25. Myanmar’s pro-democracy leader Suu Kyi is a ……….
(A) 42 years old politician
(B) Bharat Ratna
(C) Military General
(D) Nobel Prize winner
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
26. Which one of the following factors influence working capital of a unit ?
(A) Seasonality of operations only
(B) Production Policy only
(C) Suppliers Term only
(D) Only (A) and (B)
(E) All (A), (B) and (C)
Ans : (E)
27. One of the following states is a major producer of spices ……….
(A) Karnataka
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Gujarat
(E) Manipur
Ans : (C)
28. The NAV of a mutual fund ……
(A) Is always constant
(B) Keeps going up at a steady rate
(C) Fluctuates with market price movements
(D) Cannot go down at all
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
29. The expansion of TRAI is …….
(A) Telecom Regulations and Inspection
(B) Transport Regulatory Authority of India
(C) Train Regulatory Authority of India
(D) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(E) Transfer Regulations Act of India
Ans : (D)
30. ASBA, a facility while applying / submitting an application for purchase of shares under a public issue, is ……….
(A) Applications Simple Balance Amount
(B) Amount Saved and Balance in Account
(C) Already Savings Blocked Amount
(D) Applications Supported by Blocked Amount
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
31. A Saving Bank Deposit Account is one where ……….
(A) Amounts are deposited and are withdrawn as per requirement of the customers
(B) The deposits are made only once in a year
(C) Periodical Fixed amount are deposited month wise and withdrawals are allowed after a fixed period
(D) All the above
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
32. Who is the Chief Minister of Maharashtra at present ?
(A) Ashok Chavan
(B) R. R. Patil
(C) Vilasrao Deshmukh
(D) Sushil Kumar Shinde
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
33. The expansion of CDMA is …….
(A) Calculated Division of Many Applications
(B) Computer Divided Multiple Access
(C) Code Diversified Memory Applications
(D) Code Division Multiple Access
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
34. ‘Merdeka Cup’ is associated with the game of ……….
(A) Tennis
(B) Hockey
(C) Badminton
(D) Cricket
(E) Football
Ans : (E)
35. Which of the following is a financial asset ?
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Shares in a demat account
(D) Land & buildings
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
36. Zero balance account is generally allowed to be opened for ……….
(A) Salaried class
(B) businessmen
(C) foreign customers
(D) children
(E) Senior Citizens
Ans : (A)
37. In Deposits Account ‘KYC’ (Know Your Customer) has been implemented in 2002 as per directive of ……….
(A) IBA
(B) RBI
(C) Ministry of Finance
(D) SEBI
(E) IRDA
Ans : (B)
38. The regulator of the banking system in India is………
(A) AMFI
(B) Finance Minister
(C) SEBI
(D) IBA
(E) RBI
Ans : (E)
39. Ten Rupee notes contain the signature of………
(A) Finance Secretary, GOI
(B) Chairman, State Bank of India
(C) Governor, Reserve Bank of India
(D) Finance Minister, GOI
(E) Prime Minister
Ans : (C)
40. Statue of Liberty is the national monument of ……….
(A) Italy
(B) Australia
(C) France
(D) Denmark
(E) USA
Ans : (E)
41. Loan against the security of immovable property is by executing an agreement of ……….
(A) Assignment
(B) Pledge
(C) Transfer
(D) Mortgage
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
42. Credit Rating ……….
(A) is used to rate the borrowers while giving advances
(B) is used to work out performance of the employees
(C) is used to calculate the number of excellent audit rated branches
(D) is NOT used in any Bank
(E) is necessary before giving promotion to employees
Ans : (A)
43. Who amongst the following is the recipient of the ‘Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2010’ ?
(A) Javed Akhtar
(B) Amitabh Bachchan
(C) Gulzar
(D) Hema Malini
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
44. In Corporate Hedging, which one of the following types of risks can be covered ?
(A) Liquidity risk
(B) Currency risk
(C) Credit risk
(D) Transaction risk
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
45. Bank of Rajasthan is now merged with which of the following banks ?
(A) AXIS Bank
(B) IDBI Bank
(C) ICICI Bank
(D) HDFC Bank
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
46. As per GDP figures on calendar year basis, according to World Bank, which one of the following economies will have highest GDP growth in the year 2011 ?
(A) US
(B) China
(C) Japan
(D) India
(E) Brazil
Ans : (B)
47. In respect of infrastructure bonds issued under provisions of Section 80 CCF of the Income Tax Act, what is the maximum amount (Rs. in thousands), upto which these bonds can be covered ?
(A) 30
(B) 20
(C) 40
(D) 50
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
48. Which of the following is the full form of the abbreviation ‘IFRS’ as used in corporate / finance sector ?
(A) Indian Financial Reconciliation Standards
(B) Interpretation and Formal Reporting System
(C) International Financial Reporting Standards
(D) International Financial Reporting System
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
49. As per the new guidelines issued by SEBI, companies are required to list shares within how many days of the closure of the Initial Public Offers (IPOs) ?
(A) 60 days
(B) 12 days
(C) 30 days
(D) 45 days
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
50. RTGS stands for ……….
(A) Real Time Gross Settlements
(B) Reduced Time Gross Settlements
(C) Relative Time Gross Settlements
(D) Real Total Gross Securities
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
(Exam Held on 2-1-2011)
1. On which one of the following ‘Head of Expenses’, the expenses of the Government of India are highest ?
(A) Food subsidy
(B) Fertilizer subsidy
(C) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(D) Maintenance of national highways
(E) Oil subsidy
Ans : (A)
2. Which one of the following foreign agencies will assist the municipal agencies to improve quality of municipal schools through its School Excellence Programmes (SEP) ?
(A) IMF
(B) UNDP
(C) UNICEF
(D) ADB
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
3. Which of the following carries out ‘Open Market Operations’ ?
(A) Finance Ministry
(B) External Affairs Ministry
(C) Reserve Bank of India
(D) Planning Commission
(E) Ministry of Commerce
Ans : (C)
4. Who among the following Ministers will hold telecom portfolio in addition to his own portfolio till next reallotment ?
(A) Kamal Nath
(B) Kapil Sibal
(C) Pranab Mukherjee
(D) Mamta Banerjee
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
5. Under provisions of which one of the following Acts, the RBI issues directives to the Banks in India ?
(A) RBI Act
(B) Banking Regulation Act
(C) Essential Commodities Act
(D) RBI and Banking Regulation Act
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
6. Which one of the following tools is used by RBI for selective credit control ?
(A) It advises banks to lend against certain commodities
(B) It advises banks to recall the loans for advances against certain commodities
(C) It advises banks to charge higher rate of interest for advance against certain commodities
(D) It discourages certain kinds of lending by assigning higher risk weights to loans it deems undesirable
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
7. For which one of the following Loan Products ‘teaser loans’ are offered by Banks ?
(A) Education Loans
(B) Commercial Loans
(C) Loans against security of gold
(D) Retail Trade Loans
(E) Home Loans
Ans : (E)
8. The Commonwealth Games 2010 were held in Delhi from October 3 to 14, 2010. Who amongst the following picked up the Game’s first gold medal ?
(A) Augustina Nwaokolo
(B) Ravinder Singh
(C) Azhar Hussain
(D) Carol Huynh
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
9. In which one of the following cities was the recent meet of G–20 Countries organised ?
(A) Tokyo
(B) Seoul
(C) London
(D) Beijing
(E) Singapore
Ans : (B)
10. As per recent newspaper reports, which one of the following countries (among the given) has highest literacy rate ?
(A) India
(B) Sri Lanka
(C) China
(D) Vietnam
(E) Bangladesh
Ans : (D)
11. Which one of the following has decided to give guarantee for infra loans ?
(A) IDBI
(B) SBI
(C) IIFCL
(D) SIDBI
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
12. In which one of the following States is the uranium project proposed to be set up ?
(A) Manipur
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Orissa
(D) Assam
(E) Nagaland
Ans : (C)
13. Amongst 169 countries on Human Development Index which one of the following is India’s rank ?
(A) 89
(B) 91
(C) 119
(D) 129
(E) 138
Ans : (C)
14. What is ‘Kaveri’ ?
(A) India’s indigeneous aircraft engine
(B) India’s low cost laptop
(C) India’s Air to Air Missile
(D) India’s guided Surface to Air Missile
(E) Unmanned Aircraft acquired from Israel
Ans : (A)
15. An increasing finished good stock as % to sales of a manufacturing Company indicates that ……….
1. the market is getting competitive
2. the quality of the goods is not upto the mark
3. the production cost has increased
4. the production has decreased
(A) Only 1 and 2
(B) Only 2 and 3
(C) Only 3 and 4
(D) Only 3
(E) Only 4 and 1
Ans : (A)
16. Which one of the following has got RBI nod to issue prepaid cards to its clients ?
(A) LIC
(B) GIC
(C) SIDBI
(D) NABARD
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
17. For which one of the following reasons is an amendment in Companies Bill 2009 proposed ?
(A) To provide more powers to Department of Company Affairs
(B) To provide regulatory powers to Department of Company Affairs
(C) To make Indian Accounting Standards applicable with effect from 1.4.2011
(D) To ensure smooth convergence of the Indian Accounting Standards with IFRS
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
18. As per recent newspaper reports, India’s public debt rises 2•8 per cent to Rs. 28 lakh crore. Which one of the following is the reason that has forced commercial banks to buy Government securities ?
(A) Lack of credit growth
(B) Increase in credit growth
(C) Raising of repo rate
(D) Raising of reverse repo rate
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
19. In which one of the following States Sariska Tiger Reserve is located ?
(A) M. P.
(B) U. P.
(C) Orissa
(D) Gujarat
(E) Rajasthan
Ans : (E)
20. On which one of the following characters, Biometric security is based ?
(A) Finger prints and palm recognition only
(B) Face recognition and voice recognition only
(C) Hand writing and manual recognition only
(D) Only (A) and (B)
(E) All (A), (B) and (C)
Ans : (D)
21. Which one of the following may be the consequence of buying forex in the marked by the RBI ?
(A) It leads to inflation
(B) It leads to control over inflation
(C) It does not affect inflation
(D) It results into deflation
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
22. Under provisions of which one of the following Acts, the Reserve Bank of India has the power to regulate, supervise and control the banking sector ?
(A) RBI Act
(B) Banking Regulation Act
(C) Negotiable Instrument Act
(D) RBI and Banking Regulation Act
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
23. Who amongst the following is the author of the book ‘The God of Small Things’ ?
(A) Chetan Bhagat
(B) V. S. Naipul
(C) Namita Gokhale
(D) Kiran Desai
(E) Arundhati Roy
Ans : (E)
24. Which one of the following has proposed $ 11 billion infrastructure debt fund ?
(A) NABARD
(B) SBI
(C) RBI
(D) Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India
(E) Planning Commission
Ans : (D)
25. Myanmar’s pro-democracy leader Suu Kyi is a ……….
(A) 42 years old politician
(B) Bharat Ratna
(C) Military General
(D) Nobel Prize winner
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
26. Which one of the following factors influence working capital of a unit ?
(A) Seasonality of operations only
(B) Production Policy only
(C) Suppliers Term only
(D) Only (A) and (B)
(E) All (A), (B) and (C)
Ans : (E)
27. One of the following states is a major producer of spices ……….
(A) Karnataka
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Gujarat
(E) Manipur
Ans : (C)
28. The NAV of a mutual fund ……
(A) Is always constant
(B) Keeps going up at a steady rate
(C) Fluctuates with market price movements
(D) Cannot go down at all
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
29. The expansion of TRAI is …….
(A) Telecom Regulations and Inspection
(B) Transport Regulatory Authority of India
(C) Train Regulatory Authority of India
(D) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(E) Transfer Regulations Act of India
Ans : (D)
30. ASBA, a facility while applying / submitting an application for purchase of shares under a public issue, is ……….
(A) Applications Simple Balance Amount
(B) Amount Saved and Balance in Account
(C) Already Savings Blocked Amount
(D) Applications Supported by Blocked Amount
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
31. A Saving Bank Deposit Account is one where ……….
(A) Amounts are deposited and are withdrawn as per requirement of the customers
(B) The deposits are made only once in a year
(C) Periodical Fixed amount are deposited month wise and withdrawals are allowed after a fixed period
(D) All the above
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
32. Who is the Chief Minister of Maharashtra at present ?
(A) Ashok Chavan
(B) R. R. Patil
(C) Vilasrao Deshmukh
(D) Sushil Kumar Shinde
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
33. The expansion of CDMA is …….
(A) Calculated Division of Many Applications
(B) Computer Divided Multiple Access
(C) Code Diversified Memory Applications
(D) Code Division Multiple Access
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
34. ‘Merdeka Cup’ is associated with the game of ……….
(A) Tennis
(B) Hockey
(C) Badminton
(D) Cricket
(E) Football
Ans : (E)
35. Which of the following is a financial asset ?
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Shares in a demat account
(D) Land & buildings
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
36. Zero balance account is generally allowed to be opened for ……….
(A) Salaried class
(B) businessmen
(C) foreign customers
(D) children
(E) Senior Citizens
Ans : (A)
37. In Deposits Account ‘KYC’ (Know Your Customer) has been implemented in 2002 as per directive of ……….
(A) IBA
(B) RBI
(C) Ministry of Finance
(D) SEBI
(E) IRDA
Ans : (B)
38. The regulator of the banking system in India is………
(A) AMFI
(B) Finance Minister
(C) SEBI
(D) IBA
(E) RBI
Ans : (E)
39. Ten Rupee notes contain the signature of………
(A) Finance Secretary, GOI
(B) Chairman, State Bank of India
(C) Governor, Reserve Bank of India
(D) Finance Minister, GOI
(E) Prime Minister
Ans : (C)
40. Statue of Liberty is the national monument of ……….
(A) Italy
(B) Australia
(C) France
(D) Denmark
(E) USA
Ans : (E)
41. Loan against the security of immovable property is by executing an agreement of ……….
(A) Assignment
(B) Pledge
(C) Transfer
(D) Mortgage
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
42. Credit Rating ……….
(A) is used to rate the borrowers while giving advances
(B) is used to work out performance of the employees
(C) is used to calculate the number of excellent audit rated branches
(D) is NOT used in any Bank
(E) is necessary before giving promotion to employees
Ans : (A)
43. Who amongst the following is the recipient of the ‘Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2010’ ?
(A) Javed Akhtar
(B) Amitabh Bachchan
(C) Gulzar
(D) Hema Malini
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
44. In Corporate Hedging, which one of the following types of risks can be covered ?
(A) Liquidity risk
(B) Currency risk
(C) Credit risk
(D) Transaction risk
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)
45. Bank of Rajasthan is now merged with which of the following banks ?
(A) AXIS Bank
(B) IDBI Bank
(C) ICICI Bank
(D) HDFC Bank
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
46. As per GDP figures on calendar year basis, according to World Bank, which one of the following economies will have highest GDP growth in the year 2011 ?
(A) US
(B) China
(C) Japan
(D) India
(E) Brazil
Ans : (B)
47. In respect of infrastructure bonds issued under provisions of Section 80 CCF of the Income Tax Act, what is the maximum amount (Rs. in thousands), upto which these bonds can be covered ?
(A) 30
(B) 20
(C) 40
(D) 50
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)
48. Which of the following is the full form of the abbreviation ‘IFRS’ as used in corporate / finance sector ?
(A) Indian Financial Reconciliation Standards
(B) Interpretation and Formal Reporting System
(C) International Financial Reporting Standards
(D) International Financial Reporting System
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)
49. As per the new guidelines issued by SEBI, companies are required to list shares within how many days of the closure of the Initial Public Offers (IPOs) ?
(A) 60 days
(B) 12 days
(C) 30 days
(D) 45 days
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
50. RTGS stands for ……….
(A) Real Time Gross Settlements
(B) Reduced Time Gross Settlements
(C) Relative Time Gross Settlements
(D) Real Total Gross Securities
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
Monday, April 25, 2011
UNESCO World Heritage Sites List
Cultural
- Agra Fort (1983)
- Ajanta Caves (1983)
- Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)
- Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)
- Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)
- Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)
- Elephanta Caves (1987)
- Ellora Caves (1983)
- Fatehpur Sikri (1986)
- Great Living Chola Temples (1987)
- Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)
- Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)
- Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)
- Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)
- Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
- Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)
- Mountain Railways of India (1999)
- Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)
- Red Fort Complex (2007)
- Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
- Sun Temple, Konârak (1984)
- Taj Mahal (1983)
- The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010)
Natural
- Kaziranga National Park (1985)
- Keoladeo National Park (1985)
- Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)
- Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988)
- Sundarbans National Park (1987)
List of State-wise National Highways in India
| Sl. No. | Name of State | National Highway No. | Total Length (in km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 18, 43, 63, 202, 205, 214, 214A, 219, 221 & 222 | 4472 |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 52, 52A & 153 | 392 |
| 3 | Assam | 31, 31B, 31C, 36, 37, 37A, 38, 39, 44, 51, 52, 52A, 52B, 53, 54, 61, 62, 151, 152, 153 & 154 | 2836 |
| 4 | Bihar | 2, 2C, 19, 28, 28A, 28B, 30, 30A, 31, 57, 57A, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 83, 84, 85, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 & 110 | 3642 |
| 5 | Chandigarh | 21 | 24 |
| 6 | Chhattisgarh | 6, 12A, 16, 43, 78, 200, 202, 216, 217, 111, & 221 | 2184 |
| 7 | Delhi | 1, 2, 8, 10 & 24 | 72 |
| 8 | Goa | 4A, 17, 17A & 17B | 269 |
| 9 | Gujarat | NE-I, 6, 8, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 14, 15, 59, 113 & 228 | 3245 |
| 10 | Haryana | 1, 2, 8, 10, 21A, 22, 64, 65, 71, 71A, 72, 73, 73A , 71B & NE-II1512 | 1512 |
| 11 | Himachal Pradesh | 1A, 20, 21, 21A, 22, 70, 72, 88 & 73A | 1208 |
| 12 | Jammu & Kashmir | 1A, 1B, 1C & 1D | 1245 |
| 13 | Jharkhand | 2, 6, 23, 31, 32, 33, 75, 78, 80, 98, 99 & 100 | 1805 |
| 14 | Karnataka | 4, 4A, 7, 9, 13, 17, 48, 63, 67, 206, 207,209, 212 & 218 | 3843 |
| 15 | Kerala | 17, 47, 47A, 49, 208, 212, 213, & 220 | 1440 |
| 16 | Madhya Pradesh | 3, 7, 12, 12A, 25, 26, 26A, 27, 59, 59A, 69, 75, 76, 78, 86 & 92 | 4670 |
| 17 | Maharashtra | 3, 4, 4B, 4C, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 17, 50, 69, 204, 211 & 222 | 4176 |
| 18 | Manipur | 39, 53, 150 & 155 | 959 |
| 19 | Meghalaya | 40, 44, 51 & 62 | 810 |
| 20 | Mizoram | 44A, 54, 54A, 54B, 150 & 154 | 927 |
| 21 | Nagaland | 36, 39, 61, 150 & 155 | 494 |
| 22 | Orissa | 5, 5A, 6, 23, 42, 43, 60, 75, 200, 201, 203, 203A, 215, 217 & 2243704 | 3704 |
| 23 | Puducherry | 45A & 66 | 53 |
| 24 | Punjab | 1, 1A, 10, 15, 20, 21, 22, 64, 70, 71, 72 & 95 | 1557 |
| 25 | Rajasthan | 3, 8, 11, 11A, 11B, 12, 14, 15, 65, 71B, 76, 79, 79A, 89, 5585, 90, 113, 112, 114 & 116 | 53 |
| 26 | Sikkim | 31A | 62 |
| 27 | Tamilnadu | 4, 5, 7, 7A, 45, 45A, 45B, 45C, 46, 47, 47B, 49, 66, 67, 68, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 219, 220, 226 & 227 | 4462 |
| 28 | Tripura | 44 & 44A 400 | 400 |
| 29 | Uttaranchal | 58, 72, 72A, 73, 74, 87, 94, 108, 109, 123, 119, 121, 87 Ext. & 125 | 1991 |
| 30 | Uttar Pradesh | 2, 2A, 3, 7, 11, 12A, 19, 24, 24A, 24B, 25, 25A, 26, 27, 28, 28B, 28C, 29, 56, 56A, 56B, 58, 72A, 73, 74, 75, 76, 86, 87, 91, 91A, 92, 93 ,96, 97 , 119 & NE-II | 5874 |
| 31 | West Bengal | 2, 2B, 6, 31, 31A, 31C, 32, 34, 35, 41, 55, 60, 60A, 80, 81 & 117 | 2377 |
| 32 | Andaman & Nicobar | 223 | 300 |
| Total | 66590 |
Chiefs of Air Staff
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst | 15 August 1947-21 February 1950 |
| Air Marshal Sir Ronald Chapman | 22 February 1950-9 December 1951 |
| Air Marshal Sir Gerald Gibbs | 10 December 1951-31 March 1954 |
| Air Marshal S. Mukherjee | 01 April 1954-8 November 1960 |
| Air Marshal A.M. Engineer | 01 December 1960-31 July 1964 |
| Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh | 01 August 1964-15 July 1969 |
| Air Chief Marshal P.C. Lal | 16 July 1969-15 January 1973 |
| Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra | 16 January 1973-31 January 1976 |
| Air Chief Marshal H. Moolgavkar | 01 February 1976-31 August 1978 |
| Air Chief Marshal I.H. Latif | 01 September 1978-31 August 1981 |
| Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh | 01 September 1981-4 September 1984 |
| Air Chief Marshal L.M. Katre | 05 September 1984-1 July 1985 |
| Air Chief Marshal D.A. La Fontaine | 03 July 1985-31 July 1988 |
| Air Chief Marshal S.K. Mehra | 01 August 1988-31 July 1991 |
| Air Chief Marshal N.C. Suri | 01 August 1991-31 July 1993 |
| Air Chief Marshal S.K. Kaul | 01 August 1993-31 December 1995 |
| Air Chief Marshal S.K. Sareen | 01 January 1996-31 December 1998 |
| Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis | 01 January 1999-31 December 2001 |
| Air Chief Marshal S. Krishnaswamys | 31 December 2001-31 December 2004 |
| Air Chief Marshal S. P. Tyagi | 31 December 2004-31 March 2007 |
| Air Chief Marshal M.F. Major | 31 March 2007-31 March 2009 |
| Air Chief Marshal P.V. Naik | 31 March 2009 - Incumbent |
Chiefs of Naval Staff
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Rear Admiral J.T.S. Hall | 15 August 1947-14 August 1948 |
| Admiral Sir Edward Parry | 15 August 1948-13 October 1951 |
| Admiral Sir Mark Pizey | 14 October 1951-21 July 1955 |
| Vice Admiral Sir Stephen Carlill | 22 July 1955-21 April 1958 |
| Vice Admiral R.D. Katari | 22 April 1958-4 June 1962 |
| Vice Admiral B.S. Soman | 05 June 1962-3 March 1966 |
| Admiral A.K. Chatterjee | 04 March 1966-27 February 1970 |
| Admiral S.M. Nanda | 28 February 1970-28 February 1973 |
| Admiral S.N. Kohli | 01 March 1973-28 February 1976 |
| Admiral J.L. Cursetji | 01 March 1976-28 February 1979 |
| Admiral R.L. Pereira | 01 March 1979-28 February 1982 |
| Admiral O.S. Dawson | 01 March 1982-30 November 1984 |
| Admiral R.H. Tahiliani | 01 December 1984-30 November 1987 |
| Admiral J.G. Nadkarni | 01 December 1987-30 November 1990 |
| Admiral Ramdas | 01 December 1990-30 September 1993 |
| Admiral V.S. Shekhawat | 01 October 1993-30 September 1996 |
| Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat | 01 October 1996-30 December 1998 |
| Admiral Sushil Kumar | 31 December 1998 - 29 December 2001 |
| Admiral Madhvendra Singh | 29 December 2001 - 31 July 2004 |
| Admiral Arun Prakash | 01 August 2004 - 30 October 2006 |
| Admiral Sureesh Mehta | 30 October 2006 - 31 August 2009 |
| Admiral Nirmal Verma | 31 August 2009- Incumbent |
Chiefs of Army Staff
| Name | Tenure |
|---|---|
| General Maharaj Rajendra Sinhji | 01 April 1955-14 May 1955 |
| General S.M. Srinagesh | 15 May 1955-7 May 1957 |
| General K.S. Thimayya | 08 May 1957-7 May 1961 |
| General R.N. Thapar | 08 May 1961-19 November 1962 |
| General J.N. Choudhuri | 20 November 1962-7 June 1966 |
| General P.P. Kumaramangalam | 08 June 1966-7 June 1969 |
| General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw | 08 June 1969-31 December 1972 |
| Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw | 01 January 1973-14 January 1973 |
| General G.G. Bewoor | 15 January 1973-31 May 1975 |
| General T.N. Raina | 01 June 1975-31 May 1978 |
| General O.P. Malhotra | 01 June 1978-31 May 1981 |
| General K.V. Krishna Rao | 01 June 1981-31 July 1983 |
| General A.S. Vaidya | 01 August 1983-31 January 1986 |
| General K. Sunderji | 01 February 1986-30 April 1988 |
| General V.N. Sharma | 01 May 1988-30 June 1990 |
| General S.F. Rodrigues | 01 July 1990-30 June 1993 |
| General B.C. Joshi | 01 July 1993-18 November 1994 |
| General S. Roychowdhury | 22 November 1994-30 September 1997 |
| General V.P. Malik | 01 October 1997-30 September 2000 |
| General S. Padmanabhan | 30 September 2000-31 December 2002 |
| General J.J. Singh | 01 February 2005 - 30 September 2007 |
| General Deepak Kapoor | 30 September 2007-30 March 2010 |
| General V.K. Singh | 31 March 2010 - Incumbent |
Sunday, April 17, 2011
Medical Inventions and Discoveries
Banting—Insulin (as a palliative for diabetes).
Barnard, Christian—Replacing the human heart.
Brahmchari, U.M.—Cure of Kala-a-zar fever.
Davy—Isolation of metals by electricity; studied properties of chlorine.
Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.
Eijkman—Cause of Beri-Beri.
Finsen—Discovered curative effect of ultra violet rays; photography.
Fleming, Alexander—Penicillin (in 1929).
Harvey—Circulation of blood.
Hahnemann—Homoeopathy (founder).
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland—Vitamin D.
Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination.
Koch—Tubercle Bacillus.
Lainnec—Stethoscope.
Lister, Lord—Antiseptic treatment.
Pasteur, Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of hydrophobia.
Ronald Ross—Malaria Parasite.
Salk, Jonas E.—Anti-polio Vaccine.
Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform.
Waksman—Streptomycin.
Barnard, Christian—Replacing the human heart.
Brahmchari, U.M.—Cure of Kala-a-zar fever.
Davy—Isolation of metals by electricity; studied properties of chlorine.
Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.
Eijkman—Cause of Beri-Beri.
Finsen—Discovered curative effect of ultra violet rays; photography.
Fleming, Alexander—Penicillin (in 1929).
Harvey—Circulation of blood.
Hahnemann—Homoeopathy (founder).
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland—Vitamin D.
Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination.
Koch—Tubercle Bacillus.
Lainnec—Stethoscope.
Lister, Lord—Antiseptic treatment.
Pasteur, Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of hydrophobia.
Ronald Ross—Malaria Parasite.
Salk, Jonas E.—Anti-polio Vaccine.
Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform.
Waksman—Streptomycin.
Mechanical Inventions and Discoveries
Austin—Motor Car.
Bell, Graham—Telephone.
Berliner—Microphone.
Brequet—Helicopter.
Bushwell—Submarine.
Caxton—Printing Press.
Colt—Revolver.
Daimler—Gas engine.
Davy—Miner’s Safety Lamp.
Diesel—Internal Combustion engine (Diesel engine).
Dunlop—Pneumatic tyre.
Edison—First electric bulb and gramophone.
Faraday—Dynamo.
Fick—Law of Diffusion—Fick’s Law.
Frank Whittle—Jet propulsion.
Fulton—Stream boat.
Galileo—Telescope.
Gillette—Safety razor.
Guttenburg—Art of Printing.
Hoe—Rotary Printing Press.
Howe—Sewing Machine.
Huygens—Pendulum clock.
James Watt—Steam engine (patented in 1769).
Landstrom, J.E.—Safety Matches.
Macmillan—Bicycle (1842).
Mauser—Magazine of rifle.
Mercator—Celestial and a terrestrial globe.
Montgolfier—Balloon (1883)
Pascal—Calculating Machine.
Puckle, James—Machine gun
Shockley—Transistor.
Sholes—Typewriter.
Stephenson—Railway engine.
Swinton—Military tank.
Torricelli—Barometer.
Watt, Robert Watson—Radar.
W. & O. Wright (Wright Brothers)—Aeroplane (1903).
Waterman—Fountain pen.
Zeiss—Lenses; Camera.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)