Important Summits of Indian Relevance

G20
The G20 comprises a mix of the world's largest advanced and emerging economies.
G20 represents about two-thirds of the world's population, 85 per cent of global gross domestic product and over 75 per cent of global trade.
The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

Past Summits:8th- Saint Petersburg, Russia, September 5–6, 2013 
7th- Los Cabos, Mexico, June 18–19, 2012 
6th- Cannes, France, November 3–4, 2011
5th- Seoul Lee, South Korea, November 11–12, 2010
4th-Toronto, Canada, June 26–27, 2010 
3rd- Pittsburgh, United States, September 24–25, 2009
2nd- London, United Kingdom, April 2, 2009
1st- Washington, United States, November 14–15, 2008 

Upcoming Summit:9th- Brisbane, Australia, November 15–16, 2014 

BRICS
BRICS comprises Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa.

The acronym "BRICs" was initially formulated in 2001 by economist Jim O'Neill, of Goldman Sachs, in a report on growth prospects for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China.

BRICS represents 26% of the planet's land mass, and is home to 46% of the world's population.

Past Summits:1st- Yekaterinburg, Russia, 16 June, 2009 
2nd- Brasília, Brazil, 15 April, 2010 
3rd- Sanya, China, 14 April, 2011 
4th- New Delhi, India, 29 March, 2012 
5th- Durban, South Africa, 26–27 March 2013 
6th- Brasília, Brazil, 14–16 July 2014 

Upcoming Summit:7th- Russia, 2015 

NAM
The Bandung Asian-African Conference of April 18-24, 1955 is the most immediate antecedent to the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was created and founded during the collapse of the colonial system.

The NAMs actions during the early days were a key factor in the decolonization process, which led later to the attainment of freedom and independence by many countries. 

At present, the Movement has 120 Member States, 17 Observer Countries and 10 Observer organizations. 

Past Summits:16th- Tehran, Iran, 26–31 August, 2012
15th- Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, 11–16 July, 2009 
14th- Havana, Cuba, 15–16 September, 2006 
2nd-Cairo, United Arab Republic, 5–10 October, 1964 
1st-Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1–6 September 1961 

SAARC
South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) was founded in 1985 and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasizing collective self-reliance. 

Its seven founding members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2007. 

SAARC Headquarters are in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Summit Declarations provide directives and mandate for regional co-operation. 

Past Summits: 17th- Addu, Maldives, 10–11 November, 2011 
16th-Thimphu, Bhutan, 28–29 April, 2010 
15th- Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1–3 August, 2008
14th- New Delhi, India, 3–4 April 2007 
2nd-Bangalore, India, 16–17 November, 1986
1st-Dhaka, Bangladesh, 7–8 December, 1985

Upcoming Summit:18th- Kathmandu, Nepal, November, 2014 

ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

Brunei joined the group in January 1984, followed by Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997 and Cambodia in 1999. 

Past Summits:24th- Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 10-11 May, 2014
23rd- Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, 9-10 October, 2013
22nd- Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, 24-25 April, 2013
2nd- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4-5 August 1977
1st-, Bali, Indonesia, 23-24 February, 1976

Upcoming Summit:25th- Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, November, 2014

East Asia Summit
The concept of an East Asia Grouping was first promoted in 1991 by then Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohammad.

Established in 2005, East Asia Summit is a forum of 18 countries of the Asia-Pacific region to further the objectives of regional peace, security and prosperity. 

The membership of EAS consists of ten ASEAN Member States (i.e. Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam), Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation and the USA. 

Past Summits:8th- Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, 10 October, 2013
7th- Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 20 November, 2012
6th- Bali, Indonesia, 19 November, 2011 
2nd-Cebu City, Philippines, 15 January, 2007
1st- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14 December, 2005 

Ongoing Summit:9th- Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, November, 2014

IBSA
The India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum, IBSA is a coordinating mechanism amongst three emerging, multi ethnic and multicultural democracies. 

IBSA Dialogue Forum was formally launched on 6 June 2003 through the adoption of the landmark "Brasilia Declaration". 

Past Summits: 6th- New Delhi, India, 16 May, 2013
5th- Tshwane, South Africa, 18 October, 2011
4th- Brasilia, Brazil, 15 April, 2010
3rd- New Delhi, India, 15 October 2008
2nd- Tshwane, South Africa, 17 October, 2007 
1st- Brasilia, Brazil, 13 September, 2006

Upcoming Summit:7th- New Delhi, India, 2015

G8
G8 is the group of eight highly industrialized nations—France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Russia.

When the group was formed in 1975, it was known as the G6, comprising France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 

The summit became known as G7 in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the group in 1998. However, presently Russia’s candidature is under suspension. 

The aggregate GDP of G8 states makes up some 50 percent of the global economy.

Past Summits:40th- Brussels, Belgium, June 4–5, 2014 
39th- Fermanagh, United Kingdom, June 17–18, 2013 
38th- Camp David, United States, May 18–19, 2012 
2nd-Dorado, Puerto Rico, United States, June 27–28, 1976 
1st- Rambouillet, France, November 15–17, 1975 

Upcoming Summit:41st- Schloss Elmau, Germany, June 4–5, 2015

Headquarters of Various World Top International Organization

1. International Standards Organisation - Geneva
2. Commonwealth of Nations - London 
3. UNESCO  (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization )    - Paris 
4. Universal Postal Union - Berne   5. WHO ( World Health Organization) - Geneva 
6. UNFPA - New York 
7. ILO ( International Labour Organization )- Geneva 
8. IMF - Washington DC 
9. WTO (World Trade Organization ) - Geneva 
10. International Court Of Justice - The Hague 
11.  International Renewable Energy Agency - Abu Dhabi (UAE) (Interim HQs)
12. World Bank - Washington D.C. 
13. International Committee of the Red Cross -Geneva 
14. International Maritime Organisation - London 
15. UNIDO - Vienna 
16. Food and Agricultural Organisation - Rome 
17. World Meteorological Organisation - Geneva 
18. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)- Kathmandu 
19. Amnesty International - London 
20. Transparency International - Berlin 
21. World Intellectual Property Organization - Geneva 
22. International Atomic Energy Agency - Vienna 
23. UNICEF -( United Nations International Children Emergency Fund )- New York 
24.  UNO - New York 

International Organisations and Groups

The Common Wealth	It was originally known as ‘The British Commonwealth of Nations’. It is an association of sovereign and independent states which formally made up the British Empire. Headquarters: London. Members: 53 The British Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) is the symbolic head of the commonwealth. Commonwealth heads of government meet (CHOGM) is held in every 2 years.
Arab League	Established: March 22, 1945. Objective: To promote economic, social, political and military cooperation. Members: 22 Headquarters: Cairo
Asia Public Economic Corporation (APEC)	Established: Nov, 1989 Objective: To promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin. Members: 21
Asian Development Bank (ADB)	Established: Dec. 19, 1966 Objective: To promote regional economic cooperation. Members: 59 Headquarters: Manila
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)	Established: Aug. 8, 1967 Objective: Regional, economic, social and cultural cooperation among the non-communist countries of South-East Asia. Members: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia. Headquarters: Djakarta.
Common Wealth of Independent States (CIS)	Established: Dec. 8, 1991 Objective: To coordinate inter-common wealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution on the USSR. Members: 12 Headquarters: Kirava (Belarus)
Group of 8 or G-8	Established: Sept. 22, 1985 Objective: To promote co-operation among major non-communist economic powers. Members: France, Germany, Japan, UK, US, Canada, Italy, Plus Russia (added later).
Group of 15 or G-15	Established: 1889 Objective: To promote economic co-operation among developing nations. Members: 18

Group of 77 or G-77	Established: Oct. 1967 Objective: To promote economic co-operation among developing nations. Members: 130
International Criminal Police Organization For (INTERPOL)	Established: 1914 Objective: To promote the international cooperation among criminal police authorities. Members: 186 Headquarters: France.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)	Established: June 23, 1894 Objective: To promote the Olympic ideals and administer Olympic Games. Members: 203 Headquarters: Switzerland.
International Organization For Standardization ( ISO)	Established: Feb., 1947 Objective: To promote development of international standards. Members: 158 Headquarters: Switzerland.
International Red Cross And Crescent Movement	Established: 1928 Objective: To promote worldwide humanitarian aid. Headquarters: Geneva.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)	Established: Sep., 1961 Objective: Political co-operation and separate itself from both USA and USSR (in the cold-war era). Members: 118 The credit of evolving the concept goes to Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. The other contributors were Marshal Tito (President of Yugoslavia), Dr. Sukamo (President of Indonesia) and General Nasser (President of Egypt). Bandung conference in Indonesia became the forum for the birth of NAM.
European Union	Established: Apr.8, 1965. Effective on July 1, 1967 Objective: To create a united Europe in which member countries would have such strong economic and political bonds that war would cease to be a recurring fact. Members: 27 (The ten new countries which joined in 2004 are Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slavakia and Slovania). Bulgaria & Romania joined in 2007. Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium). The common European, currency, Euro, was launched on Jan. 1, 1999
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	Established: April 4, 1949 Objective: Mutual defense and cooperation Members: 26 + Russia Headquarters: Brussels
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	Established: Sept,1959 Objective: Attempts to set world prices by controlling oil production and also persues member interest in trade and development. Members: 12 (Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, UAE, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Angola and Venezuela). Headquarters: Vienna (Austria).
South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC)	Established: Dec. 8, 1985 Objective: To promote economic, social and cultural cooperation. Members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Srilanka, Afghanistan. Headquarters: Katmandu.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)	Established: Oct. 11, 1947, Effective from April 4, 1951. Objective: Specialized UN Agency concerned with meteorological cooperation. Members: 162 Headquarters: Geneva
Amnesty International (AI)	Established: 1961 Objective: To keep a watch over human rights violation worldwide. Headquarters: London Got Nobel Prize in 1977 for Peace.
Organization Of The Islamic Conference (OIC)	Established: 1969 Objective: To promote Islamic solidarity among member states and to consolidate cooperation among members. Members: 57 Headquarters: Saudi Arabia.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)	Established: June 7, 2002. Objective: To develop mutual cooperation. Members: Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrghiztan and Tajikistan.
Scouts and Guides	Established: 1907 by Lt. Gen. Baden Powell. Objective: To encourage good character, loyalty to god and country, service to other people and physical and mental fitness. Members: About 13 million members of around 115 nations. World Scouts Bureau: Geneva (Switzerland).
World Wildlife Fund For Nature (WWF)	Established: Sept. 11, 1961 Objective: To save the wildlife from extinction Members: All the countries of the world Headquarters: Gland (Switzerland)

WORLD POLITICS OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Question 1: The ideal of internationalism involves
1. Total abandonment of nationalism
2. Partial abandonment of nationalism
3. Adequate recognition of cultural distinctiveness of nations
4. Derecognition of cultural distinctiveness

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 2: Assertion (A) : Systems theory is criticized for its alleged ideological bias in favour of status quo. Reason (R) : Systems theory stresses upon notions of stability, equilibrium, steady state and pattern maintenance.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 3: Which one of the following statements is correct ?
1. The constitution clearly lays down what its basic structure is
2. The Supreme Court has elaborately defined the basic structure of the Constitution
3. The Law Commission of India with the help of Attorney General of India has defined the basic structure of the Constitution
4. Neither the Supreme Court nor the Parliament have defined the basic structure of the Constitution

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 4: The name of first woman judge of International Court of Justice is—
1. Rosalyn Higgins
2. Rosa E. Otunbayeva
3. Gestrud Mongella
4. Sadako Ogata

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 5: The theory of sovereignty is historically associated with the rise of
1. Feudalism
2. Absolute monarchy
3. Democracy
4. Decolonization

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 6: Which of the following is not part of EOP of USA?
1. Office of management and Budget
2. The white House office
3. Office of personnel management
4. National security council

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 7: Which one of the following scholars consider International law as true law ?
1. Grotius
2. Hobbes
3. Holland
4. Austin

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 8: The advocates of deliberative democracy emphasise
1. Parliamentary sovereignty
2. Judicial autonomy
3. Executive supremacy
4. Popular participation

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 9: On which day of the week is the general election traditionally held in Great Britian?
1. Monday
2. Wednesday
3. Thursday
4. Sunday

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 10: Who is US’s SECRETARY OF STATE appointed by Obama
1. Hillary Clinton
2. Robert Gates
3. Timothy Geithner
4. Janet Napolitano

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 11: Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?
1. Aristotle : State is a magnified individual
2. Hegel : State is a march of God on Earth
3. Marx : Modern state is an instrument of class exploitation
4. Gandhi : State represents violence in concentrated form

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 12: President Mahmoud Abbas of Palestine belongs to….
1. Fatah Party
2. Baath Party
3. Hamas
4. PKK

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 13: The thinker who based politics on Psychology, Physics and Geometry was
1. Thomas Hobbes
2. Montesquieu
3. Rousseau
4. Bentham

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 14: Who among the following, characterized bureaucracy as ration-legal authority ?
1. F.M. Marx
2. Vilfredo Pareto
3. Max Weber
4. Herbert A. Simon

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 15: ‘With the causes of exploitation of class by class removed, with the abolition of classes, the State will therefore, inevitably wither away. To which theory of the origin of State is the above statement applicable ?
1. Divine Right Theory
2. Social Contract Theory
3. Evolutionary Theory
4. Marxist Theory

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 16: Who among the following characterized bureaucracy as a rational-legal authority ?
1. F.M. Marx
2. Vilfredo Pareto
3. Max Weber
4. Herbert A. Simon

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 17: Marxian view treats international politics as an extension of class war in
1. Global perspective
2. National perspective
3. Societal perspective
4. None of the above

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 18: S. Finer has designated the interest groups as
1. Invisible governments
2. Unofficial government
3. Government within the government
4. Anonymous empire

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 19: The idea of the Union giving directions to the states was adopted by the makers of the Indian Constitution from
1. The Government of India Act, 1935
2. The US Constitution
3. The Soviet Constitution
4. The Australian Constitution

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 20: In December 2008, Time magazine named ——- as its Person of the Year
1. Barack Obama
2. McCain
3. Hillary Clinton
4. Joe Biden

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 21: Who was the President of Palestinian National Authority in March 2006?
1. Mahmoud Allawayi
2. Ahmed Rashid
3. Mahmoud Younis
4. Mahmoud Abbas

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 22: Consider the following statements: 1. Development of comparative approach of public administration was funded by the American Government. 2. One reason for funding the development of comparative approach of public administration was political interest to arrest communication. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 23: Which one of the following is NOT correct in respect of China ?
1. The Communist Party of China is organized on the basis of democratic centralism
2. The Chinese constitution provides for a uniform judicial system
3. Mao’s ideas of ‘New Democracy’ have been put into practice
4. The Chinese constitution provides for a bicameral legislature

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 24: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Characteristic Features) List-II (Political Ideology) A. Formation of the natural, harmonious, organic, communities for the free development of the individual and the abolition of the main source of coercion – State 1. Guild Socialism B. Formation of self-governing autonomous associations of people that will work on cooperative basis to establish partnership between groups and State 2. Democratic Socialism C. Combination of human fellowship, just social system, common ownership and mutual service 3. Syndicalism D. A system of revolutionary tactics using non-political methods to create an economic federation
1. A-4 B-1 C-2 D-3
2. A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3
3. A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
4. A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 25: The Unitary State is stronger than a Federal one because all powers of government are concentrated in the hands of one single set of authorities. Hence there is
1. Absence of conflict of authority and responsibility
2. Absence of simplification of governmental organization
3. Overlapping of jurisdiction
4. Duplication of functions

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 26: Which one of the following statements is NOT correct ?
1. Diplomacy is an instrument of foreign policy
2. Major international agreements are usually negotiated by foreign ministers
3. Diplomats do not play now as great a role in international negotiations as they once did
4. Diplomats now get greater latitude than they enjoyed in 19th Century

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 27: Bill Clinton was the —-President of the United States
1. 42nd
2. 41st
3. 43rd
4. 44th

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 28: Who among the following theorists advocated participatory democracy?
1. F.A. Hayek
2. C.B. Macpherson
3. Michael Oakeshot
4. Gaetano Mosca

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 29: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Development Approach) List-II (Features) A. Blue print approach 1. Utilization of capital resources over human resources B. Learning process approach 2. Cybernetic process with latitude for change according to needs C. Production centred approach 3. Planning in advance for development D. People centred approach 4. Individual as an actor who defines the goa

1. A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2
2. A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4
3. A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4
4. A-1 B-4 C-3 D-2

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 30: ‘Alternative vote and confidence’ is in vogue in one of the democratic political system. Identify the country
1. Switzerland
2. Austria
3. Germany
4. France

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 31: The Communist manifesto was first published in
1. Russian
2. French
3. German
4. English

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 32: Which one of the following is NOT an input function of political system?
1. Political Communication
2. Political Recruitment
3. Interest Articulation
4. Rule Adjudication

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 33: Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched ?
1. Sunderlal Bahuguna : Chipko Movement
2. Sardar Patel : Warli Struggle
3. Narayanaswamy Naidu : Tamiliga Vyvasaigal sangam
4. Ram Manohar Lohia : Kagodu Satyagraha

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 34: Obama was the junior United States Senator from ——in 2004

1. Illinois
2. Texas
3. California
4. Columbia

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 35: In which of the following federal systems decentralization is implemented under the ‘grass roots’ doctrine ?
1. Canada
2. Australia
3. India
4. U.S.A.

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 36: “Means are after all everything. As the means, so the end; there is no wall of separation between means and end.” The above statement is characteristic of
1. M.K. Gandhi
2. B.R. Ambedkar
3. Mao-Zedong
4. Karl Marx

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 37: Which Prime Minister wrote "The labour Governement: a personal record and the Governance of Britian"?
1. Hugh Gaitskall
2. Herald Wilson
3. Jo Grimond
4. None of these

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 38: The International Criminal Court is located at—
1. Geneva
2. Hague
3. London
4. Washington

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 39: Who among the following has described the world wide triumph of liberal democracy as the end of history ?
1. Samir Amin
2. David Held
3. Francis Fukuyama
4. Samuel P. Huntington

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 40: The practice adopted by the party in power to reward its members and supporters through government contracts and jobs is called.

1. Division of powers
2. Implied powers
3. Power politics
4. Spoils system

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 41: In which of the following countries, the judges of the federal constitutional courts are elected by the federal legislature ?

1. United States
2. Britain
3. Russia
4. Germany

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 42: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is the

1. Prime minister of Iran
2. Defence Minister of Iran
3. Head of Iran’s Expediency council
4. Head of Irans Religious council

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 43: Identify the two among these who sought to define underdevelopment in terms of neocolonial dependency mode : 1. A.G. Frank 2. Celso Furtado 3. E.W. Weidner 4. Gunnar Myrdal Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
1. 1 and 2
2. 1 and 3
3. 2 and 3
4. 1 and 4

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 44: Which one of the following countries has a disciplined multi-party system ?
1. France during Vth Republic
2. India
3. Sri Lanka
4. Italy

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 45: Which one of the following is NOT a Peasant movement ?
1. Telangana Insurrection
2. Tebhaga Movement
3. Naxal Bari Movement
4. Chipko Movement

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 46: Obama was the — African-American Senator in U.S. history
1. fifth
2. 4th
3. 3rd
4. 6th

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 47: Consider the following statements : The major functions of political parties are 1. Rule making 2. Interest aggregation 3. Political socialization 4. Regulation of the behaviour of the people
1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 3 and 4
4. 1 and 4

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 48: In the U.S.A. the filibuster is a method used by
1. The Congress to pressurize the President
2. The President to prevent the introduction of a Bill in the Congress
3. Members of the Senate to obstruct the passage of a Bill
4. Judiciary to prevent Congress from passing Bill

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 49: The idea of ‘World Systems Theory’ signifying the arrival of international capitalist order was predicted in the 1970s. identify the scholar who advanced this idea
1. Samuel P. Huntington
2. Andre Gunder Frank
3. George Wallerstein
4. Cardoso

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 50: ‘Government of National Unity’ is a concept developed by which one of the following third world countries ?
1. Nigeria
2. Tanzania
3. Argentina
4. South Africa

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 51: The first Prime Minister of Bangladesh was
1. Gopalakrishnan
2. Mujibur Rehman
3. Billahdi Moni
4. Samuel Raj

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 52: “Everything for the state; nothing against the State, nothing outside the State” sums up the philosophy of
1. Marxism
2. Fascism
3. Fabian Socialism
4. Guild Socialism

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 53: Which Prime Minister lost a vote of no confidence in the house of Commons in 1979 in U.K.?
1. Herald Wilson
2. Ramsay McDonald
3. Edward Heeth
4. James Callaghan

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 54: Which one of the following is NOT feature of French Constitution of 1958 ?
1. Adoption of Declaration for Rights in 1789
2. Favouring strong Presidency
3. Limited powers of Parliament
4. Unicameral legislature

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 55: China has moved away from the policy of statism to market economy, which was propounded by one of the communist leaders of revolution who said “Market in China is like a bird in cage”. Identify the person
1. Chou En Lai
2. Lio Shao Chi
3. Deng Tsiao Ping
4. Chiang Kai Shek

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 56: Consider the following statements: 1.Kofi Annan – the UN Secretary General is from Nigeria. 2.Kofi Annan is the first UN Secretary General to be appointed from the ranks of the United Nations staff. 3.Kofi Annan was appointed for a second term to the office of the UN Secretary General. Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. 1 and 3, only
2. 2 and 3, only
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. 1 and 2, only

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 57: Assertion (A) : Decision making theory directs attention not to states as metaphysical abstractions, but instead seeks to highlight the behaviour of decision-makers. Reason (R) : Decision-making theory identifies a large number of relevant variables and suggests possible inter-relationships among them.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 58: Which one of the following is NOT correct about ‘Dyarchy’ introduced by the Government of India Act of 1919 ?
1. It was a system of dual governments at central and provincial levels
2. Provincial subjects were divided into reserved and transferred
3. Governor appointed ministers from the elected members of the legislative council
4. Governor had the power of overriding the majority decision

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 59: Which Constitution is called a ‘tailor-made’ Constitution ?
1. Constitution of Fourth Republic of France
2. Constitution of Fifth Republic of France
3. Constitution of United Germany
4. Constitution of U.S.A

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 60: Who among the following has described democracy as “that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the People’s vote” ?
1. Robert Dahl
2. Peter Bachrach
3. C. Wright Mills
4. Joseph Schumpeter

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 61: The Poona Pact in 1932 upheld
1. Joint electorates
2. Separate electorates
3. Joint electorates with reserved seats for the scheduled castes
4. Joint electorates with reserved seats for caste Hindus

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 62: Non-security issues have taken priority over force, violence, and military might because of
1. Modernization of the world political and communication systems
2. Modernization of the world political and economic systems
3. Trans nationalization of the world economic and political systems
4. Decentralization of the world economic and political systems

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 63: Who among the following is an acclaimed analyst on political parties ?
1. Walter Lippman
2. Maurice Duverger
3. H.J. Laski
4. Jame Bryce

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 64: Which one does NOT contributes to the formation of International Government ?
1. Expansion of international trade
2. Establishment of international trade
3. Inter-state rivalry
4. Means of communication

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 65: Who was the prime minister when the John Profumo Christien Keeler scandal broke out in 1963?
1. Ramsay McDonald
2. Herald Wilson
3. Herald McMillan
4. William Hauge

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 66: National League for Democracy is
1. A ruling party of Indonesia
2. A opposition party of Myanmar
3. A ruling party of Bhuttan
4. An opposition party of Indonesia

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 67: Chelliah Committee is related to which of the following?
1. Banking reforms
2. Securities Scam
3. Taxation
4. Rajiv Gandhi’s murder

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 68: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Acts) List-II (Provisions) A. The Government of India Act, 1935 1. Transfer of power from the East India Company to the British crown B. The Government of India Act, 1909 2. Envisaged Dominion status to India C. The Government of India Act, 1919 3. Introduction of provincial autonomy D. The Government of India Act, 1858 4. Introduction of Dyarchy in provinces 5. Introduction of separate electorate for Muslims and others
1. A-1 B-4 C-2 D-3
2. A-3 B-5 C-4 D-1
3. A-1 B-5 C-4 D-3
4. A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 69: In 1990 which former Prime Minister travelled to Iraq to secure the release of British Hostages?
1. Edward Heeth
2. Margaret Thatcher
3. James Callaghan
4. Jo Grimond

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 70: The concept of sustainable development was popularized by Brundtland Report and Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development in
1. 1991
2. 1992
3. 1993
4. 1994

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 71: —- is appointed as USA’s TREASURY SECRETARY by Obama
1. Timothy Geithner
2. Janet Napolitano
3. Lawrence Summers
4. James Jones

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 72: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Author) List-II (Phrase) A. Hayes 1. “Of all the evils I hate, I think I hate nationalism most” B. Organsko 2. “AN organized self interest of the whole people” C. Rabindranath Tagore 3. “As a belief nationalism has been a curse and nothing but a curse” D. Victor Golancz 4. “To believe that nationalism will vanish because it is dangerous or the nations will wither away because there are other ways of organizing mankind is false”
1. A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3
2. A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1
3. A-1 B-4 C-2 D-3
4. A-3 B-2 C-4 D-1

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 73: Begum Khaleda Zia belongs to which of the following political parties?
1. Muslim League
2. Awami League
3. Jatiya Party
4. Bangladesh Nationalist Party

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 74: Which of the following is not a principal organ of United Nations Organisation ?
1. Trusteeship Council
2. Economic and Social Council
3. International Court of Justice
4. Human Rights Commission

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 75: The relationship between the government and the President in France is a complex one due to
1. Direct election of the President
2. Centralization of powers
3. A mixed presidential parliamentary form government
4. Parliament’s reduced powers to control the government

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 76: Which one of the following can enforce the judgement of International Court of Justice ?
1. General Assembly on the recommendations of Security Council
2. Secretary General
3. Security Council on the request of International Court of Justice
4. None of the above

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 77: Who among the following were known as physiocrats at the time of the French Revolution?
1. The Clergy
2. Economists
3. The Nobility
4. Medical professionals

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 78: Which one of the following statements is NOT true with regard to Non-Government Organizations ? 1. They have come to play increasingly constructive role in the development process. 2. They have to redefine their role in accordance with the changing times. 3. The government has to change the bureaucratic attitude towards the Non-Government Organizations. 4. The government should affiliate Non-Government Organisations to its respective departments in order to have better control over their functioning. Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2
3. 1 and 3
4. 3 and 4

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 79: Who is selected as the national intelligence director in USA
1. Dennis Blair
2. Leon Panetta
3. Hillary Clinton
4. Michael McConnell

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 80: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List-I (Authors) List-II (Books) A. Simon de Beauvoir 1. The Second Sex B. Betty Friedan 2. Sexual Politics C. Kate Billet 3. Feminine Mystique D. Sheila Rowbothom 4. Woman’s consciousness Man’s World
1. A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
2. A-1 B-4 C-3 D-2
3. A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
4. A-1 B-3 C-4 D-2

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 81: Assertion (A) : A social movement is a participation form of collective behaviour in which the motivation act springs from the attitude of members and the challenges of the society. Reason (R) : Social Groups and movements of brace interest groups and political parties to achieve their goals.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 82: Consider the following features of the Civil Service in the USA: 1. Top posts are filled up by ‘insiders and outers’. 2. Recruitment takes place at various levels of hierarchy. 3. Partisan political activities are prohibited. 4. Rank classification system is not upheld. Which of these are correct?
1. 1,2 and 3
2. 2,3 and 4
3. 1,3 and 4
4. 1,2 and 4

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 83: —–will serve on Obama’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.
1. Michael McConnell
2. Dennis Blair
3. Leon Panetta
4. Steve Kappes

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 84: The National Parliamentary body of China is known as
1. State Council
2. National People’s Congress
3. People’s Assembly
4. Supreme Soviet

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 85: The author of the American Declaration of Independence was
1. George Washington
2. Jefferson
3. Lafayette
4. Thomas Paine

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 86: According to Keohane Nye, the internationalization of the world economy had led the major industrialized nations to a pattern of
1. Complex interdependence
2. Complex dependence
3. Dependence
4. Interdependence

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 87: Assertion (A) : Development administration signifies action-oriented and target-oriented programmes suitable for developing countries. Reason (R) : The success of rural development plans acts as a strong impetus for initiating other developmental plans.
1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 88: Gen. Bruno Cuche from France recently visited India. He is the counterpart of India’s….
1. Army chief Gen. Deepak Kapoor
2. Navy chief Admiral Arun Prakash
3. Chief of Air staff Air chief Marshal Fali Homi Major
4. Defence Minister A.K. Anthony

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 89: In which year did India become a party to the International Convention on Biological Diversity ?
1. 1992
2. 1993
3. 1994
4. 1995

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 90: Birsa Munda was associated with tribal struggle of
1. North East Region
2. Jharkhand
3. Nagar Division
4. Deccan

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 91: To which part of U.K. does the Plaid Cymrau party belong?
1. Northern Ireland
2. Scotland
3. Wales
4. London

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 92: Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of ‘a six point syndrome’ of totalitarianism propounded by Friedrich and Braezinski ?
1. An official ideology
2. A system of terroristic policy
3. A monopoly of means of communication
4. A divine right to rule

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 93: Who succeeded Nigel Lawson as the chancellor of the Exchequer in 1989?
1. Tony Blair
2. William Hauge
3. John Major
4. Douglas Hurd

Correct Answer: 3.

Question 94: Which aspect of imperialism does the dependency theory emphasize ?
1. Economic
2. Political
3. Cultural
4. Strategic

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 95: Who is the Defense Secretary of USA
1. Robert Gates.
2. Dennis Blair
3. David Petraeus
4. Andrew D. Lipman

Correct Answer: 1.

Question 96: The constructive no-confidence vote in the Basic Law of Germany means that the Bundestag can overthrow a Chancellor
1. Only by a special majority vote
2. Only if it is first able to agree on a successor
3. Only with the consent of the President
4. Only with the consent of the Federal Constitutional Court

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 97: In which one of the following countries did women get the right to vote only in 1971 ?
1. Australia
2. New Zealand
3. Mexico
4. Switzerland

Correct Answer: 4.

Question 98: Who was the First Woman Prime Minister of any Country?
1. Smt Indira Gandhi
2. Smt Sirimao Bhandaru Naike
3. Smt Shahin
4. Smt Benjir Bhutto

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 99: Environment problems and issues received special attention of the Government of India from the
1. Third Five-Year Plan
2. Fourth Five-Year Plan
3. Sixth Five-Year Plan
4. Ninth Five-Year Plan

Correct Answer: 2.

Question 100: Under Article 243 D, which one of the following categories enjoys reservation for Panchayat membership in proportion to their population ?
1. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
2. Women
3. Backward Classes
4. Physically handicapped persons

Correct Answer: 1.

GROUPS/AGENCIES

The Common Wealth	It was originally known as 'The British Commonwealth of Nations'. It is an association of sovereing and independent states which formally made up the British empire. It's headquarter is located at London. The British Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) is the symbolic head of the commonwealth. The Commonwealth heads of government meet (CHOGM) is held in every 2 years.
Arab League	The Arab League was established on March 22, 1945. The objective was to promote economic, social, political and military cooperation. The headquarter of this organization is located at Cairo (egipt), which have 23 members.
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)	The APEC was established on November, 1989. The basic objective of this organization is to promote trade and investment in the pacific basin. It has 21 member.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)	It was established on december 19th 1966. The basic objective was to promote regional economic cooperation. he headquarter of this organization is located at Manila and it has 59 members.
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)	The ASEAN was established on 8th August,1967. The basic objective of this organization was regional, economic, social and cultural co-operation among the non-commercial countries of South-East asia. The members of this organization are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Mayanmar, Cambodia. It's headquarter is located at Djakarta.
Common Wealth of Independent states (CIS)	This organization was established on December 8th, 1991. Thebasic objective of this oeganization is to coordinae inter-commonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR. It has 12 members and headquarter located at Kirava (Belarus)
Group of 8 or G-08	It was established on Sept. 22, 1985, to promote co-operation among major non-cmmunist economic powers., Members: France, Germany, Japan, UK, US, Canada, Italy, and Russia.
Group of 15 (G-15)	It is sstablished on 1989, to promote economic co-operation among developing nations. It has 19 members.
Group of 77 (G-77)	It was established on Oct., 1967, to promote economic co-operation among developing nations. It has 27 members.
International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL)	It was established on 1914, to promote international cooperation among criminal police authorities. It has 178 members, and it's headquarters located at France.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)	It was established on June 23, 1894, to promote the olympic ideals and administer olympic games. It has 167 members and it's headquarters located at Swizerland
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)	It is established on Feb., 1947, to promote the development of international standards, It has 140 members and its headquarters located at Switzerland.
International Red cross And Red Crescent Movement	It is established on 1928, to promote worldwide humanitarian aid, It's headquarters located at Geneva.
Non-aligned Movement (NAM)	It is established on Sept. 1961, the main objective was political co-operation and separate itself from both USA and USSR (in the cold-war era). It has 116 members. The credit of evolving the concept goes to Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru. The other contributors were Marshal tito (President of Yugoslavia), Dr. Sukarno (President of Indonesia) and General Nasser (President of Egypt). Bandung conference in Indonesia became the forum for the birth of NAM.
European Union	It was established on Apr. 8, 1965. Effective on July 1, 1967., The objective was to create a united Europe in which member countries would have such strong economic and political bonds that war would cease to be a recurring fact., It has 25 members. (The ten new countries which joined in 2004 are Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slavakia and Slovania)., It's headquarters located at Brussels (Belgium). The common European, currency, Euro, was launched on Jan. 1, 1999.
North Atlantic Treaty organisation (NATO)	It was estableshed on April 4, 1949. The objective of this organization is to provide mutual defence and cooperation. It has more than 26 members like Russia. It's headquarters located at Brussels.
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)	It was established on Sept, 1959. The objective was to set world prices by controlling oil production and also persues member interest in trade and development. It has 13 members (Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, UAE, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Gabon, Equador and Venezuela). It's headquarters at Vienna (Austria).
South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC)	It was established on Dec. 8, 1985, to promote economic, social and cultural cooperation. The members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Srilanka., Headquarters: Kathmandu.
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)	It was established on Oct 11, 1947, effective from April 4, 1951., Thw main objective was specialised UN agency concerned with meteorological cooperation., It's headquarter at Geneva and it has 162 member.
Amnesty International (AI)	It was established on 1961, To keep a watch over human rights violation worldwide., headquarters at London, Got Nobel Prize in 1977 for Peace.
Organisation of The Islamic conference (OIC)	It was established 1969, to promote Islamic solidarity among member states and to consolidate cooperation among members., It has 57 members, and it's headquarters at Saudi Arabia.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)	It was established on June 7, 2002, to develop mutual cooperation., Members: Russia, China, Kazakhistan, Uzbekistan, kyrghiztan and Tajikistan.