Who is the father of Modern Physics – Galileo Galilei
Who is the father of the Green Revolution – Norman Ernest Borlaug
Who is the father of Microbiology – Antonie Philips Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is the father of Modern Astronomy – Nicolaus Copernicus
Who is the father of Nuclear Physics – Ernest Rutherford
Who is the father of Nuclear Science – Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
Who is the father of Computer Science – George Boole and Alan Turing
Who is the father of Biology – Aristotle
Who is the father of the Green Revolution in India – M. S. Swaminathan
Who is the father of the Indian Constitution – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Who is the father of American Football – Walter Chauncey Camp
Who is the father of Evolution – Charles Darwin
Who is the father of Modern Olympic – Pierre De Coubertin
Who is the father of Numbers – Pythagoras
Who is the father of Genetics – Gregor Mendel
Who is the father of Internet – Vint Cerf
Who is the father of Botany – Theophrastus
Who is the father of Scientific Management – Frederick Winslow Taylor
Who is the father of Electricity – Benjamin Franklin
Who is the father of Electronics – Michael Faraday
Who is the father of Television – Philo Farnsworth
Who is the father of Nuclear Chemistry – Otto Hahn
Who is the father of Periodic Table – Dmitri Mendeleev
Who is the father of Humanism – Francesco Petrarca
Who is the father of Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
Who is the father of Mobile Phone – Martin Cooper
Who is the father of Geometry – Euclid
Who is the father of Microscopy – Antonie Philips Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is the father of Laptop – Bill Moggridge
Who is the father of Psychology – Sigmund Freud
Who is the father of Surgery – Sushruta
Who is the father of New France – Samuel de Champlain
Who is the father of the American Constitution – James Madison
Who is the father of Plastic Surgery – Sir Harold Gillies
Who is the father of Ayurveda – Dhanwantari
Who is the father of Western Medicine – Hippocrates
Who is the father of Modern Medicine – Hippocrates
Who is the father of Cloning – Sigmund Freud
Who is the father of Printing – Guttenberg
Who is the father of History – Herodotus
Who is the father of Economics – Adam Smith
Who is the father of Philosophy – Socrates
Who is the father of Sociology – Augustys Comte
Who is the father of English Poetry – Geoffrey Chaucer
Who is the father of Essay – Montaigne
Who is the father of Homeopathy – Samuel Haniman
Who is the father of Socialism – Robert Owen
Who is the father of Scientific Socialism – Karl Marx
Who is the father of Co-operation – Robert Obeea
Who is the father of Jurisprudence – John Locke
Who is the father of Atom Bomb – Otto Wahn
Who is the father of Motar Car – Henry Ford
Who is the father of Reformation – Martin Luther
Who is the father of Greek Democracy – Clesthenes
Who is the father of Bangladesh – Sheikh Majibur Rehman
Who is the father of Pakistan – Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Who is the father of Modern Cartoon – William Hogarth
Who is the father of Modern Computer – Charles Babbage
Who is the father of Modern Drama – Henrik J. Ibsen
Who is the father of Modern Tourism – Tlemas Cook
Who is the father of Painting – Leonardo da Vinci
Who is the father of Green Revolution – Norman Borlaug
Who is the father of Renaissance – Petrarch
Saturday, July 14, 2018
Sunday, January 28, 2018
Padma Awards 2018
Padma Vibhushan Award 2018 Winners :
Sl. No
| Name | Field | State |
| 1. | Shri Illaiyaraja | Art-Music | Tamil Nadu |
| 2. | Shri Ghulam Mustafa Khan | Art-Music | Maharashtra |
| 3. | Shri Parameswaran Parameswaran | Literature and Education | Kerala |
Padma Bhushan Award 2018 Winners: The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award (after Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan) in the Republic of India. Padma Bhushan is given for distinguished service of high order.
| Sl. No | Name | Field | State |
| 4. | Shri Pankaj Advani | Sports-Billiards/Snooker | Karnataka |
| 5. | Shri Philipose Mar Chrysostom | Others-Spiritualism | Kerala |
| 6. | Shri Mahendra Singh Dhoni | Sports-Cricket | Jharkhand |
| 7. | Shri Alexander Kadakin (Foreigner/Posthumous) | Public Affairs | Russia |
| 8. | Shri Ramachandran Nagaswamy | Others-Archaeology | Tamil Nadu |
| 9. | Shri Ved Prakash Nanda (OCI) | Literature and Education | USA |
| 10. | Shri Laxman Pai | Art-Painting | Goa |
| 11. | Shri Arvind Parikh | Art-Music | Maharashtra |
| 12. | Ms. Sharda Sinha | Art-Music | Bihar |
Padma Shri Award 2018 Winners : Padma Shri (also Padmashree) is the fourth highest civilian award (after Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan) in the Republic of India. Padma Shri is awarded for distinguished service in any field.
| Sl. No | Name | Field |
State
|
| 13. | Shri Abhay Bang (Duo) | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| Ms. Rani Bang (Duo) | Medicine | Maharashtra | |
| 14. | Shri Damodar Ganesh Bapat | Social Work | Chhattisgarh |
| 15. | Shri Prafulla Govinda Baruah | Literature and Education-Journalism | Assam |
| 16. | Shri Mohan Swaroop Bhatia | Art-Folk Music | Uttar Pradesh |
| 17. | Shri Sudhanshu Biswas | Social Work |
West Bengal
|
| 18. | Ms. Saikhom Mirabai Chanu | Sports-Weightlifting | Manipur |
| 19. | Shri Pandit Shyamlal Chaturvedi | Literature and Education-Journalism | Chhattisgarh |
| 20. | Shri Jose Ma Joey Concepcion III (Foreigner) | Trade & Industry | Philippines |
| 21. | Ms. Langpoklakpam Subadani Devi | Art-Weaving | Manipur |
| 22. | Shri Somdev Devvarman | Sports-Tennis |
Tripura
|
| 23. | Shri Yeshi Dhoden | Medicine | Himachal Pradesh |
| 24. | Shri Arup Kumar Dutta | Literature and Education | Assam |
| 25. | Shri Doddarange Gowda | Art-Lyrics | Karnataka |
| 26. | Shri Arvind Gupta | Literature and Education | Maharashtra |
| 27. | Shri Digamber Hansda | Literature and Education | Jharkhand |
| 28. | Shri Ramli Bin Ibrahim (Foreigner) | Art-Dance | Malaysia |
| 29. | Shri Anwar Jalalpuri (Posthumous) | Literature and Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 30. | Shri Piyong Temjen Jamir | Literature and Education | Nagaland |
| 31. | Ms. Sitavva Joddati | Social Work | Karnataka |
| 32. | Ms. Malti Joshi | Literature and Education | Madhya Pradesh |
| 33. | Shri Manoj Joshi | Art-Acting | Maharashtra |
| 34. | Shri Rameshwarlal Kabra | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 35. | Shri Pran Kishore Kaul | Art | Jammu and Kashmir |
| 36. | Shri Bounlap Keokangna (Foreigner) | Others-Architecture | Laos |
| 37. | Shri Vijay Kichlu | Art-Music | West Bengal |
| 38. | Shri Tommy Koh (Foreigner) | Public Affairs | Singapore |
| 39. | Ms. Lakshmikutty | Medicine-Traditional | Kerala |
| 40. | Ms. Joyshree Goswami Mahanta | Literature and Education | Assam |
| 41. | Shri Narayan Das Maharaj | Others-Spiritualism | Rajasthan |
| 42. | Shri Pravakara Maharana | Art-Sculpture | Odisha |
| 43. | Shri Hun Many (Foreigner) | Public Affairs | Cambodia |
| 44. | Ms. Nouf Marwaai (Foreigner) | Others- Yoga | Saudi Arabia |
| 45. | Shri Zaverilal Mehta | Literature and Education-Journalism | Gujarat |
| 46. | Shri Krishna Bihari Mishra | Literature and Education | West Bengal |
| 47. | Shri Sisir Purushottam Mishra | Art-Cinema | Maharashtra |
| 48. | Ms. Subhasini Mistry | Social Work | West Bengal |
| 49. | Shri Tomio Mizokami (Foreigner) | Literature and Education | Japan |
| 50. | Shri Somdet Phra Maha Muniwong (Foreigner) | Others-Spiritualism | Thailand |
| 51. | Shri Keshav Rao Musalgaonkar | Literature and Education | Madhya Pradesh |
| 52. | Dr Thant Myint – U (Foreigner) | Public Affairs | Myanmar |
| 53. | Ms. V Nanammal | Others-Yoga | Tamil Nadu |
| 54. | Ms. Sulagitti Narasamma | Social Work | Karnataka |
| 55. | Ms. Vijayalakshmi Navaneethakrishnan | Art-Folk Music | Tamil Nadu |
| 56. | Shri I Nyoman Nuarta (Foreigner) | Art- Sculpture | Indonesia |
| 57. | Shri Malai Haji Abdullah Bin Malai Haji Othman (Foreigner) | Social Work | Brunei Darussalam |
| 58. | Shri Gobaradhan Panika | Art-Weaving | Odisha |
| 59. | Shri Bhabani Charan Pattanaik | Public Affairs | Odisha |
| 60. | Shri Murlikant Petkar | Sports-Swimming | Maharashtra |
| 61. | Shri Habibullo Rajabov (Foreigner) | Literature and Education | Tajikistan |
| 62. | Shri M R Rajagopal | Medicine-Palliative Care | Kerala |
| 63. | Shri Sampat Ramteke (Posthumous) | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 64. | Shri Chandra Sekhar Rath | Literature and Education | Odisha |
| 65. | Shri S S Rathore | Civil Service | Gujarat |
| 66. | Shri Amitava Roy | Science and Engineering | West Bengal |
| 67. | Shri Sanduk Ruit (Foreigner) | Medicine-Ophthalmology | Nepal |
| 68. | Shri R Sathyanarayana | Art-Music | Karnataka |
| 69. | Shri Pankaj M Shah | Medicine-Oncology | Gujarat |
| 70. | Shri Bhajju Shyam | Art-Painting | Madhya Pradesh |
| 71. | Shri Maharao Raghuveer Singh | Literature and Education | Rajasthan |
| 72. | Shri Kidambi Srikanth | Sports-Badminton | Andhra Pradesh |
| 73. | Shri Ibrahim Sutar | Art-Music | Karnataka |
| 74. | Shri Siddeshwara Swamiji | Others-Spiritualism | Karnataka |
| 75. | Ms. Lentina Ao Thakkar | Social Work | Nagaland |
| 76. | Shri Vikram Chandra Thakur | Science and Engineering | Uttarakhand |
| 77. | Shri Rudrapatnam Narayanaswamy Tharanathan (Duo) | Art-Music | Karnataka |
| Shri Rudrapatnam Narayanaswamy Thyagarajan (Duo) | Art-Music | Karnataka | |
| 78. | Shri Nguyen Tien Thien (Foreigner) | Others-Spiritualism | Vietnam |
| 79. | Shri Bhagirath Prasad Tripathi | Literature and Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 80. | Shri Rajagopalan Vasudevan | Science and Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
| 81. | Shri Manas Bihari Verma | Science and Engineering | Bihar |
| 82. | Shri Panatawane Gangadhar Vithobaji | Literature and Education | Maharashtra |
| 83. | Shri Romulus Whitaker | Others-Wildlife Conservation | Tamil Nadu |
| 84. | Shri Baba Yogendra | Art | Madhya Pradesh |
| 85. | Shri A Zakia | Literature and Education | Mizoram |
Padma Awards are announced on the occasion of Republic Day every year. These awards are conferred by the President of India at ceremonial functions which are held at Rashtrapati Bhawan usually around March/ April every year
Monday, November 20, 2017
List of Miss World Winners (1951-2017)
Miss World 1951 - Kiki Haakonson, Sweden
Miss World 1952 - May Louise Flodin, Sweden
Miss World 1953 - Denise Perrier, France
Miss World 1954 - Antigone Costanda, Egypt
Miss World 1955 - Carmen Zubillaga, Venezuela
Miss World 1956 - Petra Schurmann, Germany
Miss World 1957 - Marita Lindahl, Finland
Miss World 1958 - Penelope Coelen, South Africa
Miss World 1959 - Corine Rottschafer, Holland
Miss World 1960 - Norma Cappagli, Argentina
Miss World 1961 - Rosemarie Frankland, United Kingdom
Miss World 1962 - Catharine Lodders, Holland
Miss World 1963 - Carole Crawford, Jamaica
Miss World 1964 - Ann Sidney, United Kingdom
Miss World 1965 - Lesley Langley, United Kingdom
Miss World 1966 - Reita Faria, India
Miss World 1967 - Madeiline Hartog Bel, Peru
Miss World 1969 - Eva Reuber Staier, Austria
Miss World 1970 - Jennifer Hosten, Grenada
Miss World 1971 - Lucia Petterle, Brazil
Miss World 1972 - Belina Green, Australia
Miss World 1973 - Marjorie Wallace, USA
Miss World 1974 - Anneline Kriel, South Africa
Miss World 1975 - Winelia Merced, Puerto Rico
Miss World 1976 - Cindy Breakspeare, Jamaica
Miss World 1977 - Mary Stavin, Sweden
Miss World 1978 - Silvana Suarez, Argentina
Miss World 1979 - Gina Swainson, Bermuda
Miss World 1980 - Kimberly Santos, Guam
Miss World 1981 - Pilin Leon, Venezuela
Miss World 1982 - Mariasela Lebron, Dominican Republic
Miss World 1983 - Sarah Jane Hutt, United Kingdom
Miss World 1984 - Astrid Herrera, Venezuela
Miss World 1985 - Hofi Karlsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1986 - Giselle Laronde, Trinidad
Miss World 1987 - Ulla Weigerstorfer, Austria
Miss World 1988 - Linda Petursdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1989 - Andeta Kreglicka, Poland
Miss World 1990 - Gina Marie Tolleson, USA
Miss World 1991 - Ninebeth Jiminez, Venezuela
Miss World 1992 - Julia Kourotchkina, Russia
Miss World 1993 - Lisa Hanna, Jamaica
Miss World 1994 - Aishwariya Rai, India
Miss World 1995 - Jacqueline Aquilera, Venezuela
Miss World 1996 - Irene Skliva ,Greece
Miss World 1997 - Diana Hayden, India
Miss World 1998 - Linor Abargil, Israel
Miss World 1999 - Yukta Mookhey, India
Miss World 2000 - Priyanka Chopra, India
Miss World 2001 - Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite Darego—Nigeria
Miss World 2002 - Azra Akin—Turkey
Miss World 2003 - Rosanna Davidson, Ireland
Miss World 2004 - Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Peru
Miss World 2005 - Unnur Birna Vilhjalmsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 2006 - Tat’ana Kucharova, Czech Republic
Miss World 2007 - Zhang Zhi Li, China PR
Miss World 2008 - Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia
Miss World 2009 - Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar
Miss World 2010 - Alexandria Mills, USA
Miss World 2011 - Ivian Sarcos, Venezuela
Miss World 2012 - Wen Xia Yu, China PR
Miss World 2013 - Megan Young, Philippines
Miss World 2014 - Rolene Strauss, South Africa
Miss World 2015 - Mireia Lalaguna Royo, Spain
Miss World 2016 - Stephanie Del Valle, Puerto Rico
Miss World 2017 - Manushi Chhillar, India
Miss World 1952 - May Louise Flodin, Sweden
Miss World 1953 - Denise Perrier, France
Miss World 1954 - Antigone Costanda, Egypt
Miss World 1955 - Carmen Zubillaga, Venezuela
Miss World 1956 - Petra Schurmann, Germany
Miss World 1957 - Marita Lindahl, Finland
Miss World 1958 - Penelope Coelen, South Africa
Miss World 1959 - Corine Rottschafer, Holland
Miss World 1960 - Norma Cappagli, Argentina
Miss World 1961 - Rosemarie Frankland, United Kingdom
Miss World 1962 - Catharine Lodders, Holland
Miss World 1963 - Carole Crawford, Jamaica
Miss World 1964 - Ann Sidney, United Kingdom
Miss World 1965 - Lesley Langley, United Kingdom
Miss World 1966 - Reita Faria, India
Miss World 1967 - Madeiline Hartog Bel, Peru
Miss World 1969 - Eva Reuber Staier, Austria
Miss World 1970 - Jennifer Hosten, Grenada
Miss World 1971 - Lucia Petterle, Brazil
Miss World 1972 - Belina Green, Australia
Miss World 1973 - Marjorie Wallace, USA
Miss World 1974 - Anneline Kriel, South Africa
Miss World 1975 - Winelia Merced, Puerto Rico
Miss World 1976 - Cindy Breakspeare, Jamaica
Miss World 1977 - Mary Stavin, Sweden
Miss World 1978 - Silvana Suarez, Argentina
Miss World 1979 - Gina Swainson, Bermuda
Miss World 1980 - Kimberly Santos, Guam
Miss World 1981 - Pilin Leon, Venezuela
Miss World 1982 - Mariasela Lebron, Dominican Republic
Miss World 1983 - Sarah Jane Hutt, United Kingdom
Miss World 1984 - Astrid Herrera, Venezuela
Miss World 1985 - Hofi Karlsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1986 - Giselle Laronde, Trinidad
Miss World 1987 - Ulla Weigerstorfer, Austria
Miss World 1988 - Linda Petursdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1989 - Andeta Kreglicka, Poland
Miss World 1990 - Gina Marie Tolleson, USA
Miss World 1991 - Ninebeth Jiminez, Venezuela
Miss World 1992 - Julia Kourotchkina, Russia
Miss World 1993 - Lisa Hanna, Jamaica
Miss World 1994 - Aishwariya Rai, India
Miss World 1995 - Jacqueline Aquilera, Venezuela
Miss World 1996 - Irene Skliva ,Greece
Miss World 1997 - Diana Hayden, India
Miss World 1998 - Linor Abargil, Israel
Miss World 1999 - Yukta Mookhey, India
Miss World 2000 - Priyanka Chopra, India
Miss World 2001 - Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite Darego—Nigeria
Miss World 2002 - Azra Akin—Turkey
Miss World 2003 - Rosanna Davidson, Ireland
Miss World 2004 - Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Peru
Miss World 2005 - Unnur Birna Vilhjalmsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 2006 - Tat’ana Kucharova, Czech Republic
Miss World 2007 - Zhang Zhi Li, China PR
Miss World 2008 - Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia
Miss World 2009 - Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar
Miss World 2010 - Alexandria Mills, USA
Miss World 2011 - Ivian Sarcos, Venezuela
Miss World 2012 - Wen Xia Yu, China PR
Miss World 2013 - Megan Young, Philippines
Miss World 2014 - Rolene Strauss, South Africa
Miss World 2015 - Mireia Lalaguna Royo, Spain
Miss World 2016 - Stephanie Del Valle, Puerto Rico
Miss World 2017 - Manushi Chhillar, India
Sunday, August 27, 2017
World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2017
A
Afghanistan : Capital - Kabul; President - Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
Albania : Capital - Tirana; President - Bujar Nishani; Prime Minister - Edi Rama
Algeria : Capital - Algiers; President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika; Prime Minister - Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Angola : Capital - Luanda; President - Jose Eduardo Dos Santos
Antigua and Barbuda : Capital - St. John's; Governor General-Sir Rodney Williams, Prime Minister - Gaston Browne
Argentina : Capital - Buenos Aires; President - Mauricio Macri
Armenia : Capital - Yerevan; President - Serzh Sargsyan; Prime Minister - Karen Karapetyan
Aruba : Capital - Oranjestad; Governor-Alfonso Boekhoudt; Prime Minister - Mike Eman
Australia : Capital - Canberra; Governor General-Sir Peter Cosgrove; Prime Minister - Malcolm Turnbull
Austria : Capital - Vienna; President - Alexander Van der Bellen; Chancellor-Christian Kern
Azerbaijan : Capital - Baku; President - Ilham Aliyev; Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade
B
Bahamas, The : Capital - Nassau; Governor General-Marguerite Pindling; Prime Minister - Hubert Minnis
Bahrain : Capital - Manama; King-Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa; Prime Minister - Khalifa Bin Salman Al KhalifaAfghanistan : Capital - Kabul; President - Mohammad Ashraf Ghani
Albania : Capital - Tirana; President - Bujar Nishani; Prime Minister - Edi Rama
Algeria : Capital - Algiers; President - Abdelaziz Bouteflika; Prime Minister - Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Angola : Capital - Luanda; President - Jose Eduardo Dos Santos
Antigua and Barbuda : Capital - St. John's; Governor General-Sir Rodney Williams, Prime Minister - Gaston Browne
Argentina : Capital - Buenos Aires; President - Mauricio Macri
Armenia : Capital - Yerevan; President - Serzh Sargsyan; Prime Minister - Karen Karapetyan
Aruba : Capital - Oranjestad; Governor-Alfonso Boekhoudt; Prime Minister - Mike Eman
Australia : Capital - Canberra; Governor General-Sir Peter Cosgrove; Prime Minister - Malcolm Turnbull
Austria : Capital - Vienna; President - Alexander Van der Bellen; Chancellor-Christian Kern
Azerbaijan : Capital - Baku; President - Ilham Aliyev; Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade
B
Bahamas, The : Capital - Nassau; Governor General-Marguerite Pindling; Prime Minister - Hubert Minnis
Bangladesh : Capital - Dhaka; President - Abdul Hamid; Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina
Barbados : Capital - Bridgetown; Governor General-Elliot Belgrave; Prime Minister - Freundel Stuart
Belarus : Capital - Minsk; President - Aleksandr Lukashenko; Prime Minister - Andrei Kobyakov
Belgium : Capital - City of Brussels; King-Philippe; Prime Minister - Charles Michel
Belize : Capital - Belmopan; Governor General-Sir Colville Young; Prime Minister - Dean Oliver Barrow
Benin : Capital - Porto-Novo; President - Patrice Talon; Prime Minister - Lionel Zinsou
Bhutan - NDE : Capital - Thimphu; King-Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck; Prime Minister-Tshering Tobgay
Bolivia : Capital - Sucre; President - Juan Evo Morales Ayma
Botswana : Capital - Gaborone; President - Seretse Khama Ian Khama
Brazil : Capital - Brasília; President - Michel Temer
Brunei : Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan; Sultan-Sir Hassanal Bolkiah; Crown Prince - Al-Muhtadee Billah
Bulgaria : Capital - Sofia; President - Rumen Radev; Prime Minister - Boyko Borisov
Burkina Faso : Capital - Ouagadougou; President - (Acting) Roch Marc Christian Kaboré; Prime Minister - Paul Kaba Thieba
Burundi : Capital - Bujumbura; President - Pierre Nkurunziza
C
Cape Verde : Capital - Praia; President - Jorge Carlos De Almeida Fonseca; Prime Minister - Ulisses Correia e Silva
Cambodia : Capital - Phnom Penh; King-Norodom Sihamoni; Prime Minister - Hun Sen
Cameroon : Capital - Yaoundé; President - Paul Biya; Prime Minister - Philemon Yang
Canada : Ottawa; Governor General-David Johnston; Prime Minister - Justin Trudeau
Central African Republic : Capital - Bangui; President -Faustin-Archange Touadéra; Prime Minister - Simplice Sarandji
Chad : Capital - N'djamena; President - Idriss Deby Itno; Prime Minister - Albert Pahimi Padacke
Chile : Capital - Santiago; President - Michelle Bachelet
China : Capital - Beijing; President - Xi Jinping; Prime Minister - Li Keqiang
Colombia : Capital - Bogotá; President - Juan Manuel Santos
Comoros : Capital - Moroni; President: Azali Assoumani
Congo, Democratic Republic of The : Capital - Kinshasa; President - Joseph Kabila; Prime Minister - Bruno Tshibala
Congo, Republic of The : Capital - Brazzaville; President - Denis Sassou Nguess; Prime Minister - Clement Mouamba
Cook Islands : Capital - Avarua; Prime Minister - Henry Puna
Costa Rica : Capital - San José; President - Luis Guillermo Solís
Cote D'ivoire : Capital - Yamoussoukro; President - Alassane Dramane Ouattara; Prime minister: Amadou Gon Coulibaly
Croatia : Capital - Zagreb; President - Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic; Prime Minister - Andrej Plenkovic
Cuba - NDE : Capital - Havana; President - Raul Castro; Prime minister: Raul Castro
Cyprus : Capital - Nicosia; President - Nicos Anastasiades
Czech Republic : Capital - Prague; President - Milos Zeman; Prime Minister - Bohuslav Sobotka
D
Denmark : Capital - Copenhagen; Queen-Margrethe II; Prime Minister - Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Djibouti : Capital - Djibouti; President - Ismail Omar Guelleh; Prime Minister - Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Dominica : Capital - Roseau; President - Charles Savarin; Prime Minister - Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic : Capital - Santo Domingo; President - Danilo Medina Sanchez
E
Ecuador : Capital - Quito; President - Lenín Moreno
Egypt : Capital - Cairo - President - Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi; Prime Minister - Sherif Ismail
El Salvador : Capital - San Salvador; President - Salvador Sánchez Cerén
Equatorial Guinea : Capital - Malabo; President - Brig. General Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo; Prime minister: Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
Eritrea : Capital - Asmara; President - Isaias Afwerki
Estonia : Capital - Tallinn; President - Kersti Kaljulaid; Prime Minister - Jüri Ratas
Ethiopia : Capital - Addis Ababa; President - Mulatu Teshome; Prime Minister - Hailemariam Desalegn
F
Fiji : Capital - Suva; President - George Konrote; Prime Minister - Frank Bainimarama
Finland : Capital - Helsinki; President - Sauli Niinisto; Prime Minister - Juha Sipila
France : Capital - Paris; President - Emmanuel Macron; Prime Minister - Edouard Philippe
G
Gabon : Capital - Libreville; President - Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba; Prime Minister - Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
Gambia, The : Capital - Banjul; President - Adama Barrow
Georgia : Capital - Tbilisi; President - Giorgi Margvelashvili; Prime Minister - Giorgi Kvirikashvili
Germany : Capital - Berlin; President -Frank-Walter Steinmeier; Chancellor-Angela Merkel
Ghana : Capital - Accra; President - Nana Akufo-Addo
Greece : Capital - Athens; President - Prokopis Pavlopoulos; Prime Minister - Alexis Tsipras
Grenada : Capital - St. George's; Governor General-Cecile La Grenade; Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell
Guatemala : Capital - Guatemala City; President - Jimmy Morales
Guinea : Capital - Conakry; President - Alpha Conde; Prime Minister - Mamady Youla
Guinea-Bissau : Capital - Bissau; President - José Mário Vaz; Prime Minister - Umaro Sissoco Embalo
Guyana : Capital - Georgetown; President - David A. Granger; Prime Minister - Moses Nagamootoo
H
Haiti : Capital - Port-Au-Prince; President - Jovenel Moïse; Prime Minister - Jack Guy Lafontant
Honduras : Capital - Tegucigalpa; President - Juan Orlando Hernandez Alvarado
Hungary : Capital - Budapest; President - Janos Ader; Prime Minister - Viktor Orban
I
Iceland : Capital - Reykjavik; President - Guðni Th. Jóhannesson; Prime Minister - Bjarni Benediktsson
India : Capital - New Delhi; President - Ram Nath Kovind; Prime Minister - Narendra Modi
Indonesia : Capital - Jakarta; President - Joko Widodo
Iran - NDE : Capital - Tehran; President - Hassan Rouhani
Iraq : Capital - Baghdad; President - Fuad Masum; Prime Minister - Haider al-Abadi
Ireland : Capital - Dublin; President - Michael Daniel Higgins; Prime Minister - Leo Varadkar
Israel : Capital - Jerusalem; President - Reuven Rivlin; Prime Minister - Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu
Italy : Capital - Rome; President - Sergio Mattarella; Prime Minister - Paolo Gentiloni
J
Jamaica : Capital - Kingston; Governor General - Sir Patrick Allen; Prime Minister - Andrew Holness
Japan : Capital - Tokyo; Emperor-Akihito; Prime Minister - Shinzo Abe
Jordan : Capital - Amman; King-Abdallah II; Prime Minister - Hani Al-Mulki
K
Kazakhstan : Capital - Astana; President - Nursultan Nazarbayev; Prime Minister - Bakhytzhan Sagintayev
Kenya : Capital - Nairobi; President - Uhuru Kenyatta
Kiribati : Capital - Tarawa; President - Taneti Mamau
Korea North, NDE : Capital - Pyongyang; Supreme leader: Kim Jong-un
Korea, South : Capital - Seoul; President - Moon Jae-in; Prime Minister - Lee Nak-yeon
Kosovo : Capital - Pristina; President - Hashim Thaçi; Prime Minister - Isa Mustafa
Kuwait : Capital - Kuwait City; Amir-Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah; Prime Minister - Jaber Mubarak al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan : Capital - Bishkek; President - Almazbek Atambaev; Prime Minister - Sooronbay Jeenbekov
L
Laos : Capital - Vientiane; President - Bounnhang Vorachith; Prime Minister - Thongloun Sisoulith
Latvia : Capital - Riga; President - Raimonds Vējonis; Prime Minister - Maris Kucinskis
Lebanon : Capital - Beirut; President -Michel Aoun ; Prime Minister - Saad Hariri
Lesotho : Capital - Maseru; King-Letsie III; Prime Minister - Tom Thabane
Liberia : Capital - Monrovia; President - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Libya : Capital - Tripoli; President - Aguila Salah Issa; Prime Minister - Fayez al-Sarraj
Liechtenstein : Capital - Vaduz; Prince - Hans Adam II; Prime Minister - Adrian Hasler
Lithuania : Capital - Vilnius; President - Dalia Grybauskaite; Prime Minister - Saulius Skvernelis
Luxembourg : Capital - Luxembourg; Monarch - Henri; Prime Minister - Xavier Bettel
M
Macedonia : Capital - Skopje; President - Gjorge Ivanov; Prime Minister - Zoran Zaev
Madagascar : Capital - Antananarivo; President - Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoari; Prime Minister - Olivier Solonandrasana
Malawi : Capital - Lilongwe; President - Peter Mutharika
Malaysia : Capital - Kuala Lumpur; King-Muhammad V; Prime Minister - Najib Razak
Maldives : Capital - Malé; President - Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom
Mali : Capital - Bamako; President - Ibrahim Boubacar Keita; Prime Minister - Abdoulaye Idrissa
Malta : Capital - Valletta; President - Marie Louise Coleiro Preca; Prime Minister - Joseph Muscat
Marshall Islands : Capital - Majuro; President - Hilda Heine
Mauritania : Capital - Nouakchott; President - Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz; Prime Minister - Yahya Ould Hademine
Mauritius : Capital - Port Louis; President - Ameenah Gurib; Prime Minister - Pravind Jugnauth
Mexico : Capital - Mexico City; President - Enrique Pena Nieto
Federated States of Micronesia : Capital - Palikir; President - Peter M. Christian
Moldova : Capital - Chișinău; President - Igor Dodon; Prime Minister - Pavel Filip
Mongolia : Capital - Ulan Bator; President - Tsakhia Elbegdorj; Prime Minister - Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat
Montenegro : Capital - Podgorica; President - Filip Vujanovic; Prime Minister - Dusko Markovic
Morocco : Capital - Rabat; King-Mohammed VI; Prime Minister - Saadeddine Othmani
Mozambique : Capital - Maputo; President - Filipe Nyusi; Prime Minister - Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
Myanmar : Capital - Naypyidaw; President - Htin Kyaw
N
Namibia : Capital - Windhoek; President - Hage Geingob; Prime Minister - Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila
Nauru : Capital - Yaren ; President - Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Nepal : Capital - Kathmandu; President - Bidhya Devi Bhandari; Prime Minister: Sher Bahadur Deuba
Netherlands : Capital - Amsterdam; King-Willem-Alexander; Prime Minister - Mark Rutte
New Zealand : Capital - Wellington; Governor General- Dame Patsy Reddy; Prime Minister - Bill English
Nicaragua : Capital - Managua; President - Daniel Ortega Saavedra
Niger : Capital - Niamey; President - Mahamadou Issoufou; Prime Minister - Brigi Rafini
Nigeria : Capital - Abuja; President - Muhammadu Buhari
Norway : Capital - Oslo; King-Harald V; Prime Minister - Erna Solberg
O-P
Oman : Capital - Muscat; Sultan-Qaboos bin Said Al Said; Deputy Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said
Pakistan : Capital - Islamabad; President - Mamnoon Hussain; Prime Minister - Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
Palau : Capital - Ngerulmud; President - Tommy Remengesau
Panama : Capital - Panama City; President - Juan Carlos Varela
Papua New Guinea : Capital - Port Moresby; Governor General - Bob Dadae; Prime Minister - Peter Paire O'neill
Paraguay : Capital - Asunción; President - Horacio Cartes Jara
Peru : Capital - Lima; President - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski; Prime Minister - Fernando Zavala Lombardi
Philippines : Capital - Manila; President - Rodrigo Duterte
Poland : Capital - Warsaw; President - Andrzej Duda; Prime Minister - Beata Szydło
Portugal : Capital - Lisbon; President - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa; Prime Minister - António Costa
Q-R
Qatar : Capital - Doha; Emir - Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani; Prime Minister - Abdallah Bin Nasir Bin Khalifa Al Thani
Romania : Capital - Bucharest; President - Klaus Iohannis; Prime Minister - Mihai Tudose
Russia : Capital - Moscow; President - Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; Prime Minister - Dmitriy Anatolyevich Medvedev
Rwanda : Capital - Kigali; President - Paul Kagame; Prime Minister - Anastase Murekezi
S
Saint Kitts and Nevis : Capital - Basseterre; Governor General - Samuel Weymouth Tapley Seaton; Prime Minister - Timothy Harris
Saint Lucia : Capital - Castries; Governor General- Dame Pearlette Louisy; Prime Minister - Allen Chastanet
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines : Capital - Kingstown; Governor General - Sir Frederick Nathaniel Ballantyne; Prime Minister - Ralph Everard Gonsalves
Samoa : Capital - Apia; Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi
Sao Tome and Principe : Capital - São Tomé; President - Evaristo Carvalho; Prime Minister - Patrice Trovoada
Saudi Arabia : Capital - Riyadh; King-Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Senegal : Capital - Dakar; President - Macky Sall; Prime Minister - Mohammed Dionne
Serbia : Capital - Belgrade; President - Aleksandar Vucic; Prime Minister - Ana Brnabic
Seychelles : Capital - Victoria; President - Danny Faure
Sierra Leone : Capital - Freetown; President - Ernest Bai Koroma
Singapore : Capital - Singapore; President - Tony Tan Keng Yam; Prime Minister - Lee Hsien Loong
Slovakia : Capital - Bratislava; President - Andrej Kiska; Prime Minister - Robert Fico
Slovenia : Capital - Ljubljana; President - Borut Pahor; Prime Minister - Miro Cerar
Solomon Islands : Capital - Honiara; Governor General - Frank Ofagioro Kabui; Prime Minister - Manasseh Sogavare
Somalia : Capital - Mogadishu; President - Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed; Prime Minister - Hassan Ali Khayre
South Africa : Capital - Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein; President - Jacob Zuma
South Sudan : Capital - Juba; President - Salva Kiir Mayardit
Spain : Capital - Madrid; Monarch - Felipe VI, Prime Minister - Mariano Rajoy
Sri Lanka : Capital - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; President - Maithripala Sirisena; Prime Minister - Ranil Wickremesinghe
Sudan : Capital - Khartoum; President - Omar al-Bashir, Prime Minister - Bakri Hassan Saleh
Suriname : Capital - Paramaribo; President - Dési Bouterse
Swaziland : Capital - Lobamba, Mbabane; King-Mswati III; Prime Minister - Barnabus Sibusiso Dlamini
Sweden : Capital - Stockholm; King - Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime Minister - Stefan Löfven
Syria : Capital - Damascus; President - Bashar Al-Asad; Prime Minister - Imad Khamis
T
Taiwan - NDE : Capital - Taipei; President - Tsai Ing-wen
Tajikistan : Capital - Dushanbe; President - Emomali Rahmon; Prime Minister - Kohir Rasulzoda
Tanzania : Capital - Dodoma; President - John Magufuli; Prime Minister - Kassim Majaliwa
Thailand : Capital - Bangkok; Monarch - Maha Vajiralongkorn; Prime Minister - Prayut Chan-o-cha
Timor-East : Capital - Dili; President - Francisco Guterres; Prime Minister - Rui Maria de Araújo
Togo : Capital - Lomé; President - Faure Gnassingbe; Prime Minister - Komi Sélom Klassou
Tonga : Capital - NukuʻAlofa; King-Tupou VI; Prime Minister - Akilisi Pohiva
Trinidad and Tobago : Capital - Port of Spain; President - Anthony Thomas Aquinas Carmona; Prime Minister - Keith Rowley
Tunisia : Capital - Tunis; President - Beji Caid Essebsi; Prime Minister - Youssef Chahed
Turkey : Capital - Ankara; President - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; Prime Minister - Binali Yıldırım
Turkmenistan : Capital - Ashgabat; President - Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu : Capital - Funafuti; Governor General - Iakoba Italeli; Prime Minister - Enele Sopoaga
U
Uganda : Capital - Kampala; President -Yoweri Kaguta Museveni; Prime Minister - Ruhakana Rugunda
Ukraine : Capital - Kiev; President - Petro Poroshenko; Prime Minister - Volodymyr Groysman
United Arab Emirates : Capital - Abu Dhabi; President - Khalifa Bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan; Prime Minister - Muhammad Bin Rashid Al Maktum
United States of America : Capital - Washington, D.C., President - Donald Trump
United Kingdom : Capital - London; Queen-Elizabeth II; Prime Minister - Theresa May
Uruguay : Capital - Montevideo; President - Tabaré Vázquez
Uzbekistan : Capital - Tashkent; President - Shavkat Mirziyoyev; Prime Minister - Abdulla Oripov
V
Vanuatu : Capital - Port Vila; President - Baldwin Lonsdale; Prime Minister - Charlot Salwai
Venezuela : Capital - Caracas; President - Nicolas Maduro Moros
Vietnam : Capital - Hanoi; President - Tran Dai Quang; Prime Minister - Nguyen Xuan Phuc
Yemen : Capital - Sana'a; President - Fd. Mar. Abd Rabuh Mansur Hadi; Prime Minister - Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr
Z
Zambia : Capital - Lusaka; President - Edgar Lungu
Zimbabwe : Capital - Harare; President - Robert Gabriel Mugabe
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